Identification and Morphophysiological Characterization of Oryzalin-Induced Polyploids and Variants in Lysimachia xiangxiensis
2025
Yuanshan Zhang | Guanqun Chen | Ruixue Shen | Qiujing Li | Xiaohui Shen
This study investigated the effects of oryzalin treatments on the induction of polyploids and variants, as well as their subsequent morphological and physiological characteristics, in Lysimachia :xiangxiensis, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Primulaceae family that is known for its ornamental value. A total of 52 of the 162 treated stem segments survived after treatments and further developed into plantlets, and significant morphological changes in leaf color and growth status were observed. Using flow cytometry and chromosome counting, plants are categorized into the three variant types (VT1, VT2, and VT3), that is, VT1 and VT2 were diploid aneuploids, while VT3 was triploid. The optimized polyploid induction scheme involved treatment with 0.001% oryzalin for 4 days, resulting in an induction rate of up to 100%. Higher concentrations and longer exposure durations resulted in lower survival and polyploid induction rates of all stem segments during the above-mentioned processing. Observation of morphological features indicated that triploid VT3 vines were longer, with larger and thicker leaves and more guard cells, but lower stomatal density, compared with diploid aneuploids or the wild type. Polyploids outperformed other types in terms of chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration, but had a lower flavonoid content. The results demonstrate that oryzalin can effectively induce polyploidy and variants in L. :xiangxiensis, resulting in beneficial changes in morphology and physiological characteristics: this should provide valuable insight into the improvement of excellent varieties in plants.
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