Role of Algerian propolis on hematobiochemical parameters and bone consolidation mechanisms in Rabbits receiving autoclaved diaphyseal allografts

This study investigated the effects of Algerian propolis extract from Laghouat on cortical allograft integration in New Zealand rabbits. Fifty adult male rabbits (mean weight: 2.5 kg) were used, including 20 donors. The 30 recipients were divided into two groups (n = 15 each), further split into five subgroups of three. The control group received an autoclaved cortical allograft, fixed with a pin and reinforced with a metal suture. The experimental group underwent the same procedure, but the allograft was coated with a thin layer of ethanolic extract of Laghouat Algerian propolis (EEPLA) during surgery. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and at 3, 7, 10, and 12 days post–surgery, as well as at 12 weeks.Hematobiochemical analysis revealed significant findings. The propolis–coated allograft group (ACWP) exhibited a marked decrease in leukocyte levels (P<0.01) and highly significant variations in thrombocyte levels (P<0.001). Alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly (P<0.001) in the ACWP group, suggesting enhanced bone metabolism. No significant changes in calcium levels were observed in either group, but phosphorus levels increased significantly (P<0.001) in the control group (AWP) post–surgery.These findings suggest that EEPLA exerts an immunomodulatory effect and contains anti– platelet aggregation compounds. Additionally, preoperative blood loss led to a post–surgical decrease in hemoglobin levels. The elevated alkaline phosphatase activity in the AWP group indicates a potential osteoinductive role of EEPLA, promoting osteoblast formation. Furthermore, the stabilization of phosphorus levels in the ACWP group suggests that Laghouat propolis may help mitigate phosphorus deficiency, contributing to improved bone healing.