Analysis of the geological control on the spatial distribution of potentially toxic concentrations of As and F- in groundwater on a Pan-European scale
Elena Giménez-Forcada | Juan Antonio Luque-Espinar | María Teresa López-Bahut | Juan Grima-Olmedo | Jorge Jiménez-Sánchez | Carlos Ontiveros-Beltranena | José Ángel Díaz-Muñoz | Daniel Elster | Ferid Skopljak | Denitza Voutchkova | Birgitte Hansen | Klaus Hinsby | Jörg Schullehner | Eline Malcuit | Laurence Gourcy | Teodóra Szőcs | Nóra Gál | Daði Þorbjörnsson | Katie Tedd | Dāvis Borozdins | Henry Debattista | Agnieszka Felter | Jolanta Cabalska | Anna Mikołajczyk | Ana Pereira | Jose Sampaio | Diana Perşa | Tanja Petrović Pantic | Nina Rman | Georgina Arnó | Ignasi Herms | Lars Rosenqvist
The distribution of the high concentrations of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) in groundwater on a Pan-European scale could be explained by the geological European context (lithology and structural faults). To test this hypothesis, seventeen countries and eighteen geological survey organizations (GSOs) have participated in the dataset. The methodology has used the HydroGeoToxicity (HGT) and the Baseline Concentration (BLC) index. The results prove that most of the waters considered in this study are in good conditions for drinking water consumption, in terms of As and/or F- content. A low proportion of the analysed samples present HGT≥ 1 levels (4% and 7% for As and F-, respectively). The spatial distribution of the highest As and/or F- concentrations (via BLC values) has been analysed using GIS tools. The highest values are identified associated with fissured hard rock outcrops (crystalline rocks) or Cenozoic sedimentary zones, where basement fractures seems to have an obvious control on the distribution of maximum concentrations of these elements in groundwaters.
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