Iridoid terpenoids: a class of promising compounds to regulate blood glucose
Wen-Jing Guo | Yu Zhang | Hassan Elsayed | Chang-Qin Li | Xiao-Yu Chen
Iridoids derived from plants have demonstrated promising effects in regulating glycemic levels, which have captured the attention of researchers. Thus, an overview of iridoids with hypoglycemic activity, with a particular focus on their potential mechanisms of action in various cellular and animal models was summarized. It has been observed that iridoids primarily exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects through signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, AMPK, PI3K/AKT, NLRP3, ROS, NOX4, and AGEs/RAGE, thereby mitigating the symptoms of diabetes and its complications. By comprehensively summarizing and analyzing the molecular pathways through which iridoids alleviate diabetes and its complications, this review aims to establish a scientific foundation for the utilization of iridoids.
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