Screening of mediterranean agro-industrial by-products rich in phenolic compounds for their ability to modulate in vitro ruminal fermentation
Blandine Mora | Serena Calabrò | Monica Isabella Cutrignelli | Elodie Barbier | Serkos Haroutounian | Yulianri Rizki Yanza | Anuraga Jayanegara | Angélique Torrent | Alessandro Vastolo | Hervé Hoste | Vincent Niderkorn
This study evaluates the potential of 16 polyphenol-rich agro-industrial by-products from France, Italy and Greece as dietary supplements to mitigate pollutants produced during in vitro rumen fermentation, with the aim to identify the most promising by-products that balance pollutant reduction and maintain productivity. The by-products were analysed and tested at a 10% inclusion level in a standard diet. The gas production and composition, i.e. methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), the fermentation end-products profiles, i.e. volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia (NH3), and the in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) were determined. The outcomes underscore the potential of a grape sample (GR-Fr), and to a lesser extent hazelnut (HA-It) and pomegranate (PO-Gr) in reducing CH4 (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively), and the potential of GR-Fr and two pomegranate samples in reducing NH3 (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). The significant role of the high polyphenols content (especially tannins) in GR-Fr, achieved through an optimised process, was highlighted. Overall, the polyphenol profiles showed a strong connection with the reductions in CH4 and NH3 emissions and with antioxidant properties. At the inclusion rate used in the basal diet, no adverse effects were observed on productivity parameters (IVDMD and VFA production) with the by-products tested, suggesting these by-products could be beneficially incorporated in ruminant diets.
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