Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Melanin Synthesis in <i>Auricularia heimuer</i> Under Different Fermentation Times
Xiuge Yao | Jiechi Zhang | Chunge Sheng | Yan Guo | Chuang Han | Shuang Tian | Jianan Zhu | Xiaojia Zhang | Shuyang Zhou | Jianing Liu | Xiaodong Dai | Piqi Zhang | Bo Yin | Yinpeng Ma
In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying melanin synthesis within the fermentation broth of <i>Auricularia heimuer</i> (<i>A. heimuer</i>) was explored. The absorbance at 500 nm, melanin yield, and tyrosinase activity in the fermentation broth were assessed across different fermentation durations. Mycelia samples were gathered on the 4th (R1), 8th (R2), and 10th (R3) days of liquid fermentation for transcriptome sequencing. As fermentation progressed, the absorbance, melanin yield, and tyrosinase activity in the broth rose. A total of 5915 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, with 1136 DEGs between R2 and R1, 3717 between R3 and R1, and 2950 between R3 and R2. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in oxidoreductase activity and ribosome structural constituent terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in ribosome and amino acid metabolism pathways. Key DEGs, including transcription factors, glycosidases, P450 enzymes, laccases, and glutamate dehydrogenase, were identified during melanin production in the fermentation broth. These DEGs may play crucial roles in melanin synthesis. This study offers a foundation for further exploring the melanin synthesis mechanism in <i>A. heimuer</i> fermentation broth.
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