Prevalence and factors associated with acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months in West Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024

Abstract Background This study investigates acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months in conflict-affected districts of western Ethiopia. It addresses the lack of localized data by examining the prevalence and key contributing factors, including maternal health, child feeding practices, and healthcare access. Findings aim to inform targeted, multisectoral interventions to improve child nutrition in similar crisis-affected settings. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to July 1, 2024, involving 513 children aged 6–59 months. A proportionate sample was selected from each Woreda using systematic sampling, with one child randomly chosen from households with multiple eligible children. Trained enumerators collected data using a pre-tested questionnaire, and nutritional status was assessed using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurements. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with acute malnutrition, with statistical significance declared at P-value < 0.05. Results A total of 498 participants were included within the study with a response rate of 97%. The largest proportions (44.4%) were aged 24–59 months. Acute malnutrition prevalence was 20.7% [17.1% to 24.3%] with 6.2% having severe malnutrition and 14.5% moderate. Key risk factors for acute malnutrition included food insecurity with (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.03–3.17), pre-lacteal feeding (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.09–3.68), maternal malnutrition (AOR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.40–7.05), less than four antenatal visits of current child pregancy (AOR: 3.94, 95% CI: 1.64–9.45), and bottle-feeding (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.51–5.14). Conclusion and recommendation The severe burden of acute malnutrition demands immediate, comprehensive action. An integrated approach is essential, emphasizing improved access to nutritious food, strengthened maternal and child health services, and increased caregiver awareness. Key strategies include merging maternal and child health initiatives, encouraging exclusive breastfeeding, ensuring regular antenatal care, and promoting appropriate infant feeding. Together, these efforts can play a crucial role in lowering acute malnutrition rates and enhancing child health in the community.