Acquisition, Characterization, and Optimization of Distilled Bioethanol Generated from Fermented Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i>) Residues
Abraham Palacios-Velásquez | Violeta Quispe-Coquil | Enzo Martín Casimiro-Soriano | Karla Milagros Tapia-Zarate | Alex Rubén Huamán-De la Cruz
Bioethanol is a liquid biofuel produced from the digestion of biomass and usable waste of organic origin. The objective of this research was to obtain bioethanol from carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i>) residues of the Peruvian Chantenay variety, with a high content of lignocellulosic substances. The in-batch process method of enzymatic hydrolysis, with <i>Aspergillus niger</i> amyloglucosidase, and fermentation, with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yeast, was applied. The ferment was steam distilled and chemically characterized. The process was evaluated by controlling pH and enzyme/yeast mass ratio through the response surface optimization. The optimum conditions for the best values of TSS and % ethanol content for the distilled product were a time of 300 min, yeast/enzyme mass ratio of 24.0, and pH of 4.98. The results showed a significant decrease in sugars in the hydrolysis and fermentation stages, optimum alcohol content in the distilled product of 92.48% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), lower organic compound content, and net calorific value of 23.82 MJ/kg, which is higher than those reported in the literature.
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