Optimization of Wheat Straw Conversion into Microbial Lipids by <i>Lipomyces tetrasporus</i> DSM 70314 from Bench to Pilot Scale
Antonio Caporusso | Isabella De Bari | Aristide Giuliano | Federico Liuzzi | Roberto Albergo | Rocchina Pietrafesa | Gabriella Siesto | Assunta Romanelli | Giacobbe Braccio | Angela Capece
Microbial lipids are renewable platforms for several applications including biofuels, green chemicals, and nutraceuticals that can be produced from several residual carbon sources. Lignocellulosic biomasses are abundant raw materials for the production of second-generation sugars with conversion yields depending on the quality of the hydrolysates and the metabolic efficiency of the microorganisms. In the present work, wheat straw pre-treated by steam explosion and enzymatically hydrolysed was converted into microbial lipids by <i>Lipomyces tetrasporus</i> DSM 70314. The preliminary optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at the bench scale through the response surface methodology (RSM). The fermentation medium and set-up were optimized in terms of the nitrogen (N) source and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio yielding to the selection of soy flour as a N source and C/N ratio of 160. The bench scale settings were scaled-up and further optimized at the 10 L-scale and finally at the 50 L pilot scale bioreactor. Process optimization also included oxygen supply strategies. Under optimized conditions, a lipid concentration of 14.8 gL<sup>−1</sup> was achieved corresponding to a 23.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> lipid yield and 67.4% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> lipid cell content. Oleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid with a percentage of 57%. The overall process mass balance was assessed for the production of biodiesel from wheat straw.
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