Submerged Fermentation of Animal Fat By-Products by Oleaginous Filamentous Fungi for the Production of Unsaturated Single Cell Oil
Sushil S. Gaykawad | Sreerekha S. Ramanand | Johanna Blomqvist | Boris Zimmermann | Volha Shapaval | Achim Kohler | Marije Oostindjer | Catherine Boccadoro
Animal waste fats were explored as a fermentation substrate for the production of high-value unsaturated single cell oil (SCO) using oleaginous fungi, <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> and <i>Mortierella alpina</i>. Both strains showed good growth and lipid accumulation when using animal fat as a single carbon source. The biomass concentration of 16.7 ± 2.2 g<sub>DCW</sub>/L and lipid content of 54.1%<sub>wt</sub> (of dry cell weight) were obtained for <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> in shake flask experiments, surpassing the biomass yield achieved in batch and fed-batch fermentation. In contrast, <i>Mortierella alpina</i> gave the highest biomass concentration (8.3 ± 0.3 g<sub>DCW</sub>/L) and lipid content (55.8%<sub>wt</sub>) in fed-batch fermentation. Fat grown <i>Mortierella alpina</i> was able to produce arachidonic acid (ARA), and the highest ARA content of 23.8%<sub>wt</sub> (of total lipid weight) was in fed-batch fermentation. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was produced by both fungal strains. At the end of fed-batch fermentation, the GLA yields obtained for <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> and <i>Mortierella alpina</i> were 4.51%<sub>wt</sub> and 2.77%<sub>wt</sub> (of total lipid weight), respectively. This study demonstrates the production of unsaturated SCO-rich fungal biomass from animal fat by fermentation.
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