Inheritance of morphological traits of plants in sesame breeding
2025
Aksyonov, Igor
Morphological traits of 6 sesame genotypes and the progenies obtained from crossing them in F1 and F2 were assessed. Plant of the parental forms P1, P2, generations F1, F2 were used to establish the effects of genes that control the morphological traits of sesame plants. The inheritance pattern of morphological traits was established: the length and seed density of capsules, the number of capsules per the leaf axil, the branching of plants that determine the morphotype of the plant and its productivity. Analysis of F1 generation plants showed that a long capsule with a high density of seed dominated over capsules of normal length with sparse seed density, one capsule per the leaf axil dominated over three capsules per leaf axil, branched stem type dominated over an nonbranched stem type. The variant of segregation by the capsule length and seed density trait in the F2 generation in the ratio of 12:3:1 indicates a form of dominant epistasis for the demonstration of this trait. The presence of the dominant suppressor gene I in the genotype determines the trait of "long capsule with high seed density". The variant of segregation by the phenotype of F2 plants in the ratio of 3:1 shows monogenic inheritance with a simple dominant recessive link for the traits of "number of capsules per the leaf axil", "branched". The results of the study show that the selection of plants for a long capsule with high seed density, three capsules in the leaf axil, monostemed plants can be fully used in breeding work to create a certain morphotype of a variety with high productivity potential.
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