Production of Chromium–Manganese Ligature from Low-Grade Chromium and Iron–Manganese Ores Using Silicon–Aluminum Alloys as Reductants
2025
Yerbolat Makhambetov | Saule Abdulina | Sultan Kabylkanov | Azamat Burumbayev | Armat Zhakan | Zhadiger Sadyk | Amankeldy Akhmetov
This study investigates the production of chromium&ndash:manganese ligature by a metallothermic process using complex silicon&ndash:aluminum reducing agents. Low-grade chromium and iron&ndash:manganese ores from the Kempirsai and Kerege-Tas deposits in Kazakhstan were used as raw materials, while the reducing agents included alumosilicomanganese alloy (AlSiMn) and ferrosilicoaluminum (FeSiAl). Thermodynamic calculations were performed with HSC Chemistry 10 at 1400&ndash:1800 °:C and reducing agent dosages of 10&ndash:100 kg per 100 kg of ore charge. Crucible smelting experiments were then carried out in a Tamman furnace, followed by large-scale laboratory trials in a 100 kVA refining electric furnace to verify reproducibility, with a total of 14 runs. The chemical composition of the ligatures varied depending on the reductant: with AlSiMn the alloy contained Fe&mdash:23.14%, Cr&mdash:53.74%, Mn&mdash:20.03%, and Si&mdash:3.06%: with FeSiAl, it contained Fe&mdash:42.01%, Cr&mdash:25.74%, Mn&mdash:27.15%, and Si&mdash:5.05%: and with FeSiCr dust, it contained Fe&mdash:34.45%, Cr&mdash:21.45%, Mn&mdash:39.82%, and Si&mdash:4.24%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the presence of &alpha:-(Fe,Cr,Mn), FeSi, and Cr5Si3 phases. The results demonstrate the efficiency of complex silicon&ndash:aluminum reducing agents and the ability to regulate the composition of chromium&ndash:manganese ligatures by the selected reductant.
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