Comparative assessment of nutrient profiles and some essential trace metals in smoked Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Owena River, Ondo State, Nigeria
Adebayo, E. T. | Ayeku, P. O. | Kadiri, P. E. | Ogueri, C. | Adetunji-Popoola, W. O. | Adebayo, E. T.
This study evaluates the nutrition and some essential trace metal composition of smoked Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus from the upper Owena River, Nigeria, in order to demonstrate the safety of these species for human consumption. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and estimated daily metal intake (EDMI) values of several macro- and micro-constituents were computed. The protein value of Clarias gariepinus was somewhat higher than that of Oreochromis niloticus, from 66% to 75% across the three body sections (fillet, skin, and gills). The result showed that potassium (249.65 ± 17.82 - 286.48 ± 13.14 mg/100 g), Sodium (39.13 ± 4.48 – 62.98 ± 2.41 mg/100 g), and Calcium (18.72 ± 1.19 - 30.58 ± 1.83 mg/100 g) are the most abundant mineral in both samples (C. gariepinus and O. niloticus). The trace metal concentration was K > Na > Ca > Zn > Fe > Cu > Al. The EDMI-measured levels of each metal in two fish species were higher than the range for daily allowance of metals per day per consumer weighing an average of 52 kg. Seven elements in O. niloticus and C. gariepinus have THQ values below one. Immune and digestive health is improved by vitamin A (12.95 – 13.22 g/100 g) and vitamin C (0.94 – 1.13 g/100 g). With low carbohydrate content and moderate cholesterol levels, the two species demonstrated the potential health benefits depending on dietary goals.
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