Evaluation of the Elemental Composition of Dietary Supplements Containing Iron Available on the Polish Market Using ICP-OES, FAAS and CVAAS Techniques
2025
Elżbieta Maćkiewicz | Martyna Klimaszewska | Jadwiga Albińska | Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik
The Polish dietary supplement market is undergoing rapid development, driven by an increasing societal interest in preventative healthcare and the utilisation of products that have demonstrated efficacy. Poland is a leading European dietary supplement market, driven by a number of factors, including increased nutritional awareness, an ageing population, and intensive marketing efforts by manufacturers. In this study, the elemental composition of 24 dietary supplements containing iron, folic acid, and other vitamins and essential macro- and micronutrients was examined using CV AAS, F AAS, and ICP-OES techniques. The samples analysed included supplements intended for pregnant and breastfeeding women, supplements for individuals struggling with anaemia, and multivitamin supplements containing a complete set of both vitamins and minerals. In order to ensure the accuracy of the product, the mineral doses listed in the package inserts were also verified. The study&rsquo:s findings revealed significant discrepancies between the doses declared by manufacturers and the doses obtained through analysis, particularly with regard to iron and zinc. Furthermore, an inconsistency was observed between the mineral doses and the values recommended by Polish law.
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