Cloud Point Extraction for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Peanut Shells
2026
Ebru Akgül | Tülin Eker | Haşim Kelebek | Pınar Kadiroğlu
This study investigated the effectiveness of the cloud point extraction (CPE) method for the recovery of bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds from peanut shells. Key parameters affecting extraction efficiency, including salt concentration, pH, temperature, and sample amount, were systematically evaluated. The findings revealed that the optimal salt concentration for higher total phenolic content was 10%, whereas the maximum yield of total flavonoid compounds was obtained at a 12% salt concentration. Beyond these concentrations, a decline in extraction efficiency was observed for both compound groups. In terms of pH, the highest recovery of total phenolics occurred at pH 4, while total flavonoids reached their peak at pH 4.5. Overall, acidic conditions were found to enhance extraction performance. Regarding temperature, both phenolic and flavonoid yields were maximized at 90 °C. For the sample amount, the optimum recovery was achieved with 0.05 grams, while higher sample quantities led to decreased efficiency. These results underscore the critical importance of precisely optimizing CPE conditions to ensure efficient extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from peanut shell biomass.
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