Emerging trends in the fabrication and applications of plant virus-gold nanoparticle hybrids: A comprehensive review
2025
Haziq Naseer Khan | Nguyêt-Thanh Ha-Duong
Plant viruses exhibit a diverse range of morphologies, including rod-shaped and icosahedral forms. Many of these viruses are detected and treated by the plasmonic nanoparticles of both silver and gold. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of these viruses as bio-templates for the synthesis of biohybrid materials using plasmonic nanomaterials, particularly gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This approach aims to explore the unique properties of these Nano-hybrids to focus their applications on biomedicine, catalysis, and biosensing. This review focuses on various synthesis methods of these nanohybrids. Special attention is given to how virus morphology, nanoparticle shape, and surface chemistry affect the synthesis and stability of these nanohybrids. Additionally, the influence of genetic modifications to coat proteins is highlighted as a means to enhance nanoparticle binding and selectivity. Furthermore, the review discusses the prospective benefits and future directions for research on virus-based nanohybrids.
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