Diel variation in CO2 flux is substantial in many lakes
2025
De Eyto, Elvira | Smyth, Robyn L. | Pilla, Rachel M. | Laas, Alo | Shahabinia, Amir Reza | Baldocchi, Angela | Desai, Ankur R. | Lupon, Anna | Lohila, Annalea Katriina | Obrador, Biel | Denfeld, Blaize A. | Carey, Cayelan C. | Bastviken, David | Reed, David | Rudberg, David | Rõõm, Eva‐Ingrid | Clayer, Francois | Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. | Chmiel, Hannah E. | Grossart, Hans Peter | Ilmatieteen laitos | Finnish Meteorological Institute | 0000-0003-3541-672X | 0000-0002-4046-7225 | 0009-0005-9630-7043 | 0000-0002-7752-1950
Lakes play a significant role in the global carbon cycle, acting as sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2 ). Insitu measurements of CO 2 flux (FCO 2) from lakes have generally been collected during daylight, despite indica-tions of significant diel variability. This introduces bias when scaling up to whole-lake annual aquatic carbonbudgets. We conducted an international sampling program to ascertain the extent of diel variation in FCO2across lakes. We sampled 21 lakes over 41 campaigns and measured FCO 2 at 4-h intervals over a full diel cycle.Rates of FCO2 ranged from 3.16 to 4.39 mmol m 2 h 1. Integrated over a day, FCO2 ranged from 381.68 to878.49 mg C m 2 d 1 (mean = 76.54) across campaigns. We identified three characteristic diel patterns inFCO2 related to trophic status and show that for half of the campaigns, daily flux estimates were biased by> 50% if based on a single (daytime) measurement.
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