The study was conducted on 85 clinical cases of Karadi breeds of Iraqi ewes, suffering from dystocia, which were brought by the farmers to A.I center of veterinary Directorate and the Veterinary. Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sulaimani University to be treated during lambing season. The age of animals ranged from 2-4 years, and the number of lambing ranged from 1-3 times. One of the following treatments was chosen; 1) Correction of fetal maldisposition and traction (n=25), 2) Medical treatment of ring womb when fetal membranes were not yet ruptured (n= 17) or 3) Cesarean section was performed, when delivering per vaginum was judged to be impossible (n= 43). Medical treatments consisted of a combination of calcium borogluconate 2% (40 ml S.C.) with Estradiol benzoate 17-β (2mg i.m.). Positive response been indicated when the method of treatment showed good prognosis. The results showed that cesarean section had a higher positive response (83.7%), while manual correction and traction showed 60% response. Poor response was observed in the medical treatment group (41.1%). It was concluded from this study that cesarean section was the safest method of the treatment especially if performed as early as possible.

Brush border enzymes activity were decreased in group infected with giardiasis comparing with the control group, probably represent a direct effect of this parasite on the brush border of the enterocytes. The present study indicated that mucosal enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and lipase) levels were altered in infected rats after (1-2) weeks post infection compared to control group. concentration of both enzymes were increased during infection and this phenomenon was taken as mucosal marker for malabsorption.

This study has been done to evaluate the effect of transverse and oblique anastomosis on esophageal healing. Partial esophagectomy were performed on sixteen adult dogs, animals were divided into two equal groups ,in the group one a transverse anastomosis ,while in group two oblique anastomosis were done . Two layers of simple interrupted pattern were used to closed the anastomosis site, the first layer was oppose the mucosa and submucosa by simple interrupted suture with the knots tided inside the lumen and the second layer was appose muscularis and adventitia by simple interrupted suture using catgut (2.0). The results of histopathological and radiological were revealed that ,the healing of group two was faster than group one ,which manifested by collagen fiber formation with complete mucosal formation in a shorter time compared with group one . In addition to that the mean degree of stenosis was less in second group at 30 days post operation(14.24±0.21), in spite of no significance difference between two groups at the level of p≤ 0.05.

The was conducted on 15 dogs of either sex and of different breed presented at my clinic (canine clinic* during a period of sex months. Their ages were ranging between 2-3 years. The dogs showing unilateral or bilateral swollen ear that is Haematoma. The surgical treatment was done by making a longitudinal incision on in entire length of haematoma. After draining the blood or serum, cleaning the debris. Haematoma pocket flushed with saline or week tincture iodine. Horizontal interrupted materess suture placed parallel to the incision, the pinna was dressed with antiseptic then bandaged with compression bandage to keeping the ear in erect position. The suture removed after 9-10 days post operation. Bandaging will continue to 6 more days till the operated ear return to its normal condition.

Three hundred milk product samples were collected from different locations of Basrah province. By using enrichment broth technique and Brucella selective medium nine isolates (8 from soft cheese and one from cream) where isolated. No Brucella strain was isolated from ice-cream. The species and biotypes of these isolates were determined and it was found that 4 isolates of Brucella abortus biotype 4 and 5 isolates of B. melitensis biotype 2. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all isolates were sensitive to streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, rifampicin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, some strains showed resistance to doxycyclin, cephalexin, ampicillin and erythromycin. Brucella isolates also showed growth in different range of temperature and pH.

A study on a hundred samples of lamb meat and offal were done for a year. The bacterial microflora of lamb meat and offal from lamb 1-2 year old were isolated. The prevalence of microorganisms identified in this study was Staphylococci, Corynebacterium, Streptococci, Micrococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Yeast. The positive isolates were high in spring and early summer while the positive isolates were low in autumn and early winter. Staphylococci and Salmonella were predominant over all positive microorganisms. Lymph nodes and kidneys yielded more numbers of Salmonella and Staphylococci than meat, liver and spleen. Fifteen Salmonella typhimurium (28%) out of 53 as a total number of Salmonella serotypes were identified. Out of eight was the total number of Staphylococci six (40%) of them were coagulase positive. This study covers the distribution of indigenous microflora of meat, and offal.

In this study, two experiments had been done: Experiment (1), was designed to determine the acute toxicity of alcoholic extract of coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) fruit to the laboratory mice. Eight groups (6 mice each) of male albino mice were used in this experiment. The first group was drenched (1ml) physiological saline (as control group), while the other seven groups were given orally ascending doses (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 g/kg B.W.) respectively. After (24hr), all groups of mice were inspected for the presence of dead mice. The results of this experiment showed no mortality in all groups of mice and the extract is not toxic. Experiment (2), this study was designed to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of coconut fruit on the efficacy of reproductive system of male mice. For this purpose, (24) mature male mice were allocated equally and randomly into three groups. Group (1) was given physiological saline and was considered as control group. Group (2) and group (3) were given 125mg/kgB.W./day and 200 mg/kg B.W. /day of alcoholic extract of coconut fruit respectively. All mice in the three groups received orally the appropriate treatment for 15 days. Post treatment, two criteria were chosen as indicators for the efficacy of the extract. The first one was relative testicular weight to body weight. The other one was the concentration of sperm in caudal part of epidydemis. The results of this experiment revealed that there was a significant (P

The effect of mobile microwave on antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus ureus was estimated. One hundered samples of ear swab were collected from mobile phone users. They were subjected for S. aureus isolated and identification by Staph API- 20 enzymes. Forty three of Staph. strains were selected as identical biochemical test. They were ordered into eight groups according to calling times of mobile users , ranged from zero (used as control) to three hundred and six hours of calling time. Seventeen different antibiotic discs sensitivity were measured for S. aureus. Microwave of mobile phone showed significant effect (P

Investigation of antibacterial activity of ethanolic , methanolic and ginger oil were carried out in this study on Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria . The study exhibited these bacteria have variable susceptibities against these extracts and depend on type of bacteria . The notes was shown the highest effect and wide diameter of growth inhibition zone against Escherichia coli .

Two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa of bacteria were exposed to different concentrations ( 5 , 10 or 25 mg /l )of heavy metals ions ( Silver Ag2+ , Cobalt Co2+ or Lead Pb2+) for different exposure periods ( 0 , 1, 2, 24 and 48 hrs.) .The results showed that the inhibitory effect of these metals on the growth of the two isolates were in the following sequences :- Pb < Co < Ag Some of these metals caused an elongation of lag phase in liquid medium for these isolates . Whene antibiotic discs ( chloramphenicol 30 mcg , clindamycin 2 mcg , erythromycin 15 mcg , gentamycin 10 mcg ,tetracyclin 30 mcg and vancomycin 30 mcg ) were added to solid medium which was previously supplemented with the above heavy metals ions , a synergestics effect was observed between antibiotics and heavy metals ions ( specially silver ions at 25 mg/ l )to increase the inhibition zone significantly ( P < 0.01 ) for both isolates .