A total of five lambs, 6-8 months old were presented with the history of faeces voiding through vulva and absence of anal opening since birth. Clinical examination revealed a fistulous tract connecting dorsal vaginal wall and rectum. Animal passing small quantity of dung with straining frequently due to small opening. Cases were tentatively diagnosed as congenital rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani. Surgical correction was attempted. All the animals recovered without any complications.

A full-term pregnant doe was presented with a history of dystocia. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of two dead fetuses. On obstetrical examination, vulval stenosis was confirmed.  Bilateral episiotomy was performed and twin dead fetuses were delivered per-vaginum by traction. Among the dead male twins, the first fetus had only prognathism second one had prognathism and a severe degree of congenital lordosis.  Post-operative treatment was followed resulting in an uneventful recovery of the doe.

A 7 months old female Rottweiler dog was presented with the history of ocular discharge from the right eye and partially opening of the eyelid since 2 weeks from adoption. Ophthalmic examination revealed epiphora, blepharospasm, congested sclera, cloudy cornea with tissue like growth along with hairs on the lateral temporal limbal region on the right eye and the left eye had no abnormalities. Schirmer tear test and fluorescein dye test was performed. Based on the ophthalmic examination findings, the condition was diagnosed as corneal dermoid. Surgical excision of corneal dermoid was done to correct the abnormalities and animal had an uneventful recovery.

Nine-year-old Indian Thoroughbred gelding was presented to the Large Animal Medicine Out-patient Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with a history of restlessness, anorexia, not voided dung and urine, patchy sweating, flank watching, pawing, frequent lying down and getting up. Clinical examination of the animal revealed severe dehydration with tachycardia and absence of borborygmi on both sides of the abdomen. Rectal examination revealed scanty dry faeces in the rectum with distended caecum. Distended intestinal loops with the absence of intestinal peristalsis were observed through ultrasound examination. Haemato- biochemical examination revealed increases creatinine, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The animal was treated with Inj. Ringer’s lactate and Inj. Flunixin meglumine. The animal was administered with liquid paraffin, magnesium sulphate, and simethicone along with the water through nasogastric intubation. Again the animal showed colic signs. Further the animal was sedated with xylazine and continuous rate infusion of Lignocaine @ 0.05mg/kg/min and fluids were administered through jugular catheter. The animal passed urine and showed a clinical improvement on following treatment. Animal started taking regular feed and voided dung on the third day of treatment.

A case of dystocia due to incomplete cervical dilation consequent to uterine adhesion in non-descript doe and its surgical management was reported in this paper. 

Rational drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on knowledge of the biological target. Drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bimolecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it. In the experiment based approach, drugs are discovered through trial and error. With high R&D cost and consumption, computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions and reduce time and cost. Scientists can predict whether the molecule will succeed or fail in the market. Currently, the process of drug designing increasingly relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. In computational drug discovery, different computational tools, methods, and software are used to simulate drug receptor interactions. Using computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions with less time and cost.

Reducing crude protein (CP) level in the feed without altering the amino acid contents by supplementing synthetic amino acids to reduce nitrogen excretion, adding ofexogenous protease enzyme infeed to improve nitrogen utilization and treating litter with the culture ofMethylomonas methanica (MM) to prevent methane emission from litter are the proven methods in commercial poultry production, especially in broiler farming to protect the environment. However, the efficacy of these nitrogen emission reduction strategies on the performance and economics of guinea fowl in intensive production has not been studied adequately. Therefore, a biological experiment was conducted with high protein (HP) diets with (Tl) or without (T2) fish meal (FM) and low protein (LP) diets added with exogenous protease enzyme with (T3) or without (T4) FM. The levels of critical amino acids in all the feed were balanced with the supplementation of synthetic amino acids. These treatments contained six replicates of each with 15-day-old keets. At the start of ninth week, the litter of three replicates from each treatment was sprayed with MM culture additionally, forming four more treatment groups, from T5 to T8 respectively. The results of the study indicated that replacing FM with plant protein sources did not affect body weight. The overall trend revealed that the reduction of CP by 2% had a negative (P<0.05) impact on body weight; while, the addition of protease in feed had no notable effect. The feed consumption was not affected by the withdrawal of FM or reducing CP level by 2% ordietary protease supplementation or MM litter treatment. The feed efficiency was negatively impacted (P<0.05) by withdrawal ofFMin high and low protein diets; -while, feed efficiency -was not improved by protease supplementation in LP diets. The level of CP or -withdrawal FM or protease enzyme supplementation in the ration did not affect livability. The MM litter treatment did not affect gro-wth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency and livability of guinea fowls. The results indicated that the benefit-cost ratio could be improved in guinea fowls by using low CP feed.

Ricinoleic acid, a toxic compound found in castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.), can be lethal when inhaled, ingested, or injected at doses of 5-10 pg/kgto human or animals. This study presents a validated, rapid, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methodfor its quantification. Separation was achieved on silica gel 60 F254plates using a mobile phase oftoluene, ethyl acetate and acetate acid (6:4:0.2 v/v/v). Densitometric scanning at 450 nm detected ricinoleic acid with an Rfvalue of 0.66 (±0.04). Linearity was observed in the range of 20-100 ng/spot with R = 0.998 ± 2.62%.  

Gymnema sylvestre, Annona muricata and Ocimum sanctum are well known plants available in India and they are commonly used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. A study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic effect of a polyherbal extract containing these plants (at two different doses of300 and 600 mg/kg bwt) compared with metformin as a standard hypoglycemic drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg bwt in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. As a part of the study, the effect of the polyherbal extract on the renal and hepatic functions was tested in rats. The serum parameters both ALT and AST values in rats were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic rats treated with polyherbal extract at 300 mg/kg bwt when compared to Groups I, II and III. BUN values were significantly higher in diabetic and metformin treated groups. Creatinine did not differ significantly among different groups. In conclusion, in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, the polyherbal extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg bwt had no hepatoprotective action. But the same doses had some renal protective function.

Organophosphates (OP) and carbamates are widely utilized insecticides, but they also pose significant risks as sources ofintoxicationfor both humans and animals. A male non-descript dog, seven years old was presented with a chronic respiratory distress, dysphonia, exercise intolerance, and neurologic signs to Veterinary Clinical Complex, VCRI, Orathanadu on April 2023. Physical examination revealed elevated rectal temperature and congested mucous membrane with elevated heart beat and respiratory rate. Thoracic auscultation revealed muffled heart sound. The dog's medical history indicated a potential case of organophosphate poisoning. Treatment involved administering atropine sulfate, normal saline, ceftriaxone, and furosemide. However, throughout the treatment process, the dog continued to experience upper respiratory stridor and dyspnoea. Clinical examination and radiographic observations confirmed the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis. This case highlights the occurrence of laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy complex in a canine affected by organophosphate poisoning.