African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs that causes up to 100 % mortality, for which there is no vaccine. It is caused by a unique DNA virus that is maintained in an ancient cycle between warthogs and argasid ticks, making it the only known DNA arbovirus. ASF has a high potential for transboundary spread, and has twice been transported from Africa to other continents - Europe and subsequently the Caribbean and Brazil (1957, 1959) and the Caucasus (2007). It is also a devastating constraint for pig production in Africa. Research at Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute has made and is making important contributions to knowledge of this disease, focusing on the cycle in warthogs and tampans and transmission from that cycle to domestic pigs, resistance to its effects in domestic pigs, and the molecular genetic characterisation and epidemiology of the virus.

Morphological and histological study were performed in the cecum of ten, six months broiler chicken. The present study was observed that the morphological study distinguished three region from cecum .The proximal ,middle ,and distal represented (23.65%),(42.28%),(34.06%) respectively of the total length of right caecum ,and (23.59%),(43.45%),(23.95%) respectively of the total length of left caecum.The total length of the right caecum were(13.15±0.21)while the total length of left caecum were(13.14±0.44),also was observed that caecal wall composed of four layers( mucosa , submucosa , muscularis and serosa) .The regions of caecum were proximal with developed villi and numerous folds, middle with small villi and numerous folds,while the distal with small villi and avoid of folds .In present study the lymphatic nodules were mostly found in proximal part, but they were less prominent at the distal and least in the middle part of the caecum .the wide and length of lymphatic nodules were more major in the distal part than in the middle and proximal part

The present study showed that the lead had toxic effects on the gill structures of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles such as clubbing molting of epithelial cells, epithelial separation, necrosis, fusion of adjacent lamellar epithelium and hyperplasia of secondary lamellar epithelium, destruction of epithelial cells, curved of epithelial, loose in regular shape of epithelium, bite and bleeding tissues through exposure for 48 hrs. All these histological changes depended on lead concentration and exposure period.

The present study was conducted to compare C-ELISA and Rose-Bengal tests in detection of brucella antibodies in buffalo sera in Mosul city, using 132 adult females of indigenous buffaloes from May 2007 to May 2008. Seroprevalence was 50.8% using C-ELISA, and 28.8% when RBT have been used. The data obtained were analyzed statistically to identify the agreement between C-ELISA and RBT using Kappa value. Kappa index was (0.353), which indicates less agreement between the two tests. There were false-negative results of RBT in 36 samples out of 67 samples positive to C-ELISA, and 7 samples recorded as false-positive with RBT out of 65 samples negative to C-ELISA.

The studied of effects of vitamin C administration on the leukcocyte counts and testing of exercise of male rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups; the first group contain the control and the other group contain the administration with different doses of ascorbic acid (35mg, 75 mg, and 120 mg/day; respectively. The doses were giving by intra-peritoneal injection. Physiological solution was given to the control group (CON) via the same procedure. Exercise performance was based on swim time to fatigue. Blood samples were taken and evaluated at day 10, 20 and 30 days. The lymphocyte percentage was 55.3 ± 5 % for CON on day 28. For all C groups, the range of the lymphocyte percentage was 54.5 %- 64.1 % (p < 0.001). Swim time was 1.6 ± 0.3 min at day 30. This value was increased to 5.1- 8.4 min for the C groups (p < 0.001).

This study was done to find out the effect of seasonal variations on the hematological and blood biochemical parameters of local cattle raised in Maysan Governorate. A number of 40 healthy cows were selected for the study during winter and summer seasons, blood samples were collected in each of the two seasons and were analyzed for some hematological and biochemical parameters. The results in the winter season showed significantly higher values of Mean Corpuscular Volume, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin and creatinine but lower values of total white blood cells count, differential leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration, AST and ALT than that of the same animals during the summer season. However, no significant differences in the erythrocyte count, haematocrite between the two seasons were observed in the local cattle.

The local Streptomyces sp. strain showed an ability to produce antimicrobial metabolite active against standard strains, in primary and secondary screening. The produced antibiotic was extracted, purified and identified as a peptide antibiotic produced about 1.4g/L in 7 days incubation period, and its LD50 was 5500. There was an inverse effect for orange acridine dye on the grown colonies number of S. sp., the 28 g/ml dye concentration was chosen as the best concentration because it led to colonies killing by 95%. Plasmid DNA extracted from S. sp. and then transformed to E. coli pBR 322, the E. coli pBR 322 showed negative results against the standard strains in primary screening before plasmid DNA transformation, while transformed E. coli pBR322 showed positive results. The antibiotic produced by trans. E. coli pBR322 was extracted, purified and identified by the same ways, which gave the same antibiotic produced by S. sp. with an increase of 2.2 g/L in the quantity and shorter period of time (2 days).

Adenomyosis is a fairly frequent disorder adult she Buffalo characterized by the haphazard location of endometrial glands and stroma deep within the myometrium of the uterus. It was found in twenty she buffalo in Basrah governorate, suffering from repeated estrus and infertility. This study recorded the histopathological changes of this disease. This study showed that the endometrial glands are present mostly in myometrium which interfere the differentiation of the uterine cells in young female buffalo, the lesion also characterize by the fibrocytes as whorls pattern.

Due to an increase in the number of resistant bacterial strains that cause urinary tract infection (UTI), empirical treatment with the commonly prescribed antimicrobials might be inadequate. This prospective study was conducted on 252 adult patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection aiming at optimizing the use of empirical antibacterial therapy through identification of the causative bacteria and studying their in vitro sensitivity patterns to 11 commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs. This study showed that gram negative bacteria were the most frequent cause of UTI accounting for 95.3% of cases, with strains of Escherichia coli alone responsible for 50% of all infections. The study also recorded an increase in the rate of infection caused by Klebsilla which was reported in 28.6% of cases. Combined drug therapy was not superior to single antimicrobial. Agumentin or Co- trimoxazole were effective against only 78.6% and 43.7% of the tested bacterial strains. Single drug treatment using the aminoglycoside, Amikacin (92.9% bacterial sensitivity rate) or the third generation cephalosporin, Cefotaxime (88.9% bacterial sensitivity rate) might be the first choice for injectable drug treatment and ciprofloxacin (81% bacterial sensitivity) for orai therapy. It is concluded that periodic reevaluation of bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance studies and needed for better empirical treatment of uncomplicated UTI through the avoidance of continuous bacterial resistance to such treatment.