Sepsis is a syndrome involving the systemic host response to an inflammatory or infectious agents.itis a common and frequently fatal condition that occur as a result of severe infection often leading to overwhelming systemicinflammation (1 , 2) , Also The sepsis syndrome is defined by widespread inflammation, host immune dysfunction, dysregulation of the coagulation cascade, and endothelial dysfunction in response to invading pathogens(3). Cecum ligation and puncture CLP , is currently the most widely used animal model of sepsis (4) . Intra-abdominal infections may be a source for sepsis ,these infections generate a peritoneal inflammatory response to poly-microbial organisms derived from the gastrointestinal tract . Peritonitis may originate from a defect in an abdominal viscus , such as an acute intestinal perforation that progresses to sepsis , resulting in high morbidity andmortality in experimental animals . A shift toward an anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive state has been postulated to occur in the later phase of sepsis (5). the aim of this study was to investigate the pathological changes of liver , kidney and lung associated with sepsis .

This study aimed to treat SDF tendonitis in the forelimbs of horses by application of cold therapy (ice) followed by controlled exercise program. The effect of this treatment was healing, disappearance of the pain and functional rehabilitation of the treated horses. (15) Working horses of varying breeds, sex, age (3-19) years suffering from acute superficial digital flexor tendonitis was used for this study from the beginning of September 2008 to the beginning of September 2010 in Kirkuk, Iraq. All the cases were followed up clinically. Swelling and thickness in the affected parts were measured during treatment period. Swelling was reduced after the treatment by the ice with significant variation (P< 0.05) in the (anterior-posterior and groove’s depth) aspects of sub-metacarpal bone area and (anterior-posterior) aspect of mid-metacarpal bone region. A significant variation (P

Venous blood samples were collected 283 ewes observed in nine different regions of Maysan province during the period from October 2012 to March 2013 for detecting toxoplasmosis by using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgG) and latex agglutination test (LAT). Three groups of ewes pregnant, non-pregnant and aborted were selected for both tests, and the results showed that the rates of Toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted group is the highest, followed by pregnant group using the LAT test (73.33% and 65.38%) respectively, while the proportion of ewes aborted were the top (40%) in the ELISA test. The results of LAT and ELISA tests showed that Al –Musharah subdistrict is the highest in the seropositivity against Toxoplasma (78.26% and 39.13%) respectively. As for the relationship between age and Toxoplasma seropositivity, the results showed that the highest seropositivity rate in the age groups more than a year and two years (65.30% and 65.57%) respectively by using LAT test , and high seropositivity rate (32.65) in the age group more than a year with ELISA test. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences(p ≥ 0.05) between the LAT and ELISA tests with regard to Toxoplasma seropositivity

The objective of the present work was to evaluate Hemogram, acid-base balance, blood gas analysis and acute phase response in cattle infected with anaplasmosis in Mosul,Iraq.The study were conducted on (167), local cattle breed 2-5 years old of both sexes. Eighty local cattle breed out of (167) were clinically infected with Aanaplasam marginale since the causative Rickettsia diagnosed by Giemsa stained blood smears and confirmed by indirect Elisa test. (20) clinically normal cattle were served as controls. Results indicated statistically significant decrease (P

Ten adult rabbit (5male and 5 female ) were used for gross anatomical and biometrical studies .The main characteristics feature of the local rabbit skulls are : in dorsal surface there are a shallow external sagittle crest , the frontal bone has anterior and posterior supraorbital process , the external acoustic meatus is a short wide bony tube directed caudodorsally , the orbita are large , the external surface of the maxilla is pitted by numerous small opening (fenestrated). A total of 16 linear measurement estimated in the rabbit skulls .There are significant difference between males and females observed in bizygomatic distance , basion-bragma height , maxilla- alveolar length , orbital height and foramen magnum breadth

Cast technique includes ten cats (5 male, 5 female) used the polymerizing resin (cold acrylic) to study the bronchial tree and blood vessels. the examination of bronchial tree of the cats (felis catus) Lung is done by using cold resin in order to prepare cast specimens. The diameter of right principal bronchi of cats mean (7.34 mm± 0.36) and diameter of left principal bronchi means (6.07mm 0.36). The right principal bronchi large than left principal. The air flow in right Lung faster than the left. This result is supported by the researcher .These results are obtained from the cast model showing that the pulmonary trunk divides into right and left pulmonary arteries after arising from the right ventricle of heart. The right pulmonary artery the diameter about (4.18 mm) and diameter of left pulmonary artery about (3.40 mm) that the right pulmonary larger than the left pulmonary artery

The study was conduct to determine the effect of exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) during gestation on serum reproductive hormones levels (Estradiol" E2", Luteinizing Hormone "LH" and follicle- stimulating Hormone" FSH"), age and weight at vaginal opening onset as well as reproductive efficacy in F1 female offspring. Thirty six pregnant female rats (F0) were gavage three doses of BPA suspended in corn oil (50 μg, 50 mg, 250 mg/kg/BW) or corn oil only as control group from gestational day (GD) 6 till gestation day (GD) 21. After delivery, twelve female pups of each group were hold for three months; However, Female rats' offspring, after weaning, were weighed and checked for vaginal opening (VO) every day until completion, then at postnatal day (PND) 90, blood samples were collected from six F1 female of each group to perform hormonal tests and other six females were mated with untreated male rat in a separate cage for 14 days in order to evaluate fertility efficacy. The results showed significant increased (P

The sturnus vulgaris is migrate bird to Iraq in (Junwary-April) from all year - The anatomical study of cerebral sturnus vulgaris showed that the oval shape with smooth surface due to the absence of gyrus and sulcus, also it is consist of two cerebral hemispheres ,right and left which separated by medium fissure, another fissure situated between cerebral and cerebellum called transverse fissure. The weight of right cerebral hemispheres was 2.297±0.0116 g while in the left cerebral hemispheres 2.282±0.0078 g .The length of right part of cerebral hemispheres recorded 14.220±0.759 cm while the left cerebral hemispheres was 12.810±1.767 cm .The interior width of right cerebral hemispheres was 5.930±0.346 cm while in the left cerebral hemispheres 5.920±0.304 cm .the posterior width of right cerebral hemispheres recorded 8.930±0.221 cm while in the left cerebral hemispheres 8.13±0.163 cm. these measures lead to different between right part and left part from cerebral . The histological results revealed that the cerebral consit of cortex and medulla .The cortex constituted the gray matter which has six layers, molecular layer, external granular layer, pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer and multiform layer .In the cortex showed have larg number of pyramid and satellite cells which is importance of vital or activity in migratory bird due to live in various environment . The medulla constituted white matter was located internal which has increase number of dens bundles fibers and galial nerve cells.

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is defined as elevated concentrations of circulating ketone bodies in the absence of clinical signs. Measurement of blood β-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA) concentration is considered as the gold standard method to detect SCK. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of SCK in cows in different physiologic status in Basra, Iraq. The cows were classified into 5 groups according to the physiologic group; G1: 2nd trimester pregnant cows (n =9), G2: 3rd trimester pregnant cows (n =8), G3 Fresh cows (1-30 days postpartum) (n=41), G4: Lactating cows (2 and 3 months postpartum) (n =21), and G5: 4 months – more postpartum cows (n =14) . Cholesterol, ALT activity and BHBA concentrations were determined. The cutoff point 1000 μmol L-1 -2600 μmol L-1 was used. The mean concentrations of the parameters of the cows of the five groups were; cholesterol: 3.7 ± 0.34, 3.21 ± 0.38, 2.59 ± 0.16, 3.15 ± 0.24 and 2.5 ± 0.28 mmol/L, ALT: 45.11 ± 6.16, 37.125 ± 3.98, 44.83 ± 3.36, 45.19 ± 4.57 and 41.29 ± 4.37 IU/L and BHBA: 2.014 ± 0.15, 2.086 ± 0.085, 1.94 ± 0.07, 1.89 ± 0.18 and 1.92 ± 0.075 mmol/L. The concentration of cholesterol was within the normal limits in the all groups but it showed descending trend from early pregnancy to parturition then elevated with advancement of lactation, while the activity of ALT showed highness in each group with different percent, whereas the concentration of BHBA was significantly high in the all groups. The present findings reveals that prevalence of subclinical ketosis in Basra is extremely high. To prevent the consequences of subclinical ketosis, feeding a good feed stuff with propylene glycol and implementing a good management with regular test for detecting SCK to reduce the economic losses caused by SCK.

The main objectives of the present study were to compare the petrifilm TM Aerobic count plates (ACP) with conventional standard plate count (SPC) for enumerating aerobic bacteria and secondly to compare the petrifilm TM coliform count plates (CCP) with conventional coliform plate count (CPC) method for isolation and enumeration of E.coli in locally produced soft white cheese samples .A total of 60 samples of soft cheese (30 samples to each petrifilmTM and conventional methods) have been collected randomly at weekly intervals from different retail markets in Baghdad province and its surroundings during the period of 6 months from the December 2011 till the May 2012.All results of cultural characteristics and biochemical reactions of E.coli isolates were in accordance with the main features described in Bergeys Manual of determinative bacteriology .The laboratory studies of the cultural isolation revealed that 20 (66.6%) isolates of E.coli were isolated from 30 soft white cheese samples by the conventional direct plating (CPC) method while 24 (80%) isolates of E.coli were isolated from another 30soft cheese samples by using a new petrifilm TM technique. The detection limit for aerobic bacteria by the petrifilm TM technique versus the conventional direct plating were 16x109 cfu/g and 5x108 cfu/g respectively while the detection limit of E.coli by the petrifilm TM technique versus the conventional coliform plate count (CPC) were 22X106 cfu/g and 12x105 cfu/g respectively. Results obtained in this study revealed that the petrifilm TM technique has been recognized to be significantly (P