To study the effect of over dosages of dexamethasone on eye rabbits; a total of 20healthy adult rabbits were used. Rabbits were equally divided in to 4 groups, therabbit in each group wastreated with dexamethasone intramuscular twice daily for 30days. The dexamethasone doses were10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day, for group 1, 2, 3,and 4 respectively. After that the animals were sacrificed, histological sections ofcornea samples were prepared using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The entireexperiment was completed in the animal facility at Veterinary Medicine College,University of Basrah. Rabbits in Group 1 and 2 remain healthy and there are no sideeffects of dexamethasone while group 3 and 4 the side effects of dexamethasone werecataract and emaciation. The cataract was clear clinically and histologically. Thedevelopment of dexamethasone-induced cataract need much work to elucidate themechanism

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of repeatedadministration of ivermectin alone or with the combination of Vitamin C on kidneyfunction and histopathological effects on kidney and lung of rabbits. Total of 48mature female rabbits were used in this study. The rabbits were divided into eightgroups of equal number (6). The 1st group was administered 0.9% Nacl whichconsiders as control. The 2nd , 3rd , and 4th groups were administered (0.5mg, 1mg,and 2mg/Kg B.W Ivermectin) respectively. While the 5th group was administered50mg/Kg B.W vitamin C only. The 6th , 7th , and 8th groups were given 50mg/Kgvitamin C in combination with Ivermectin (0.5mg, 1mg, and 2mg/Kg B.W )respectively. The ivermectin therapy was given S/C weekly, while the vitamin C wasgiven daily and orally. The treatment in all groups were prolonged for 8 weeks.The results showed significant increase (P˂ 0.05) in uric acid level in the 4thgroup. Also the level of urea and blood urea nitrogen were revealed significantdecrease (P˂ 0.05) in 7th group. While the creatinine level clarified significantincrease (P˂ 0.05) in the 3rd and 8th groups as compared with control group.The histopathological changes as a results of ivermectin treatment in kidneyincluded vacuolation of subcapsular tubules, atrophy of glomeruli. The lung showeddilated alveoli, bronchioles were aggregated with lymphocyte, dilatation ofbronchioles, as well as, folding and thickening of bronchial epithelium. Theadministration of vitamin C with combination of Ivermectin ameliorate the harmfuleffect of ivermectin treatment. It can be conclude that the repeated administration ofivermectin causes hazardous effects on kidney function and many ofhistopathological changes were demonstrated in kidney and lung structure. Thechanges were increased proportionally with the dose. The administration of vitaminC can acts as protective agent.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of external hernias in ruminantsin Dohuk governorate in relation to the species, age, and sex of the animals. During aperiod of seven years, fifty eight cases of external hernias were presented for surgicalcorrection. Eighty one percent of the hernia cases were in ovine species, 15.6% were incaprine; bovine constituted only 3.4% of the cases. High incidence of hernias wasrecorded in females; the sex distribution was 72.4% females and 27.6% males.Umbilical hernias constituted 44.8% of all hernias, followed, in reducing frequency, byventral (31%), scrotal (13.8%) and inguinal hernias (10.4%).Clinical and surgical findings which include the size of the hernial rings, reducibility ofthe contents, the condition of the peritoneum, suture patterns and materials used andsurgical outcome were described.