A total number of 140 Egyptian breed donkeys were used in this study. Animals are classified into two groups according to the sex. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups according to their ages. All animals were proved to be health by clinical and laboratory examinations. Two blood samples were collected from each donkey, one with anticoagulant and the other without anticoagulant for obtaining clear non-haemolysed serum. Various tests were conducted to measure the values of some blood contents. It was clear that total RBCs count, hemoglobin content and packed cells volume showed marked decrease with the increase of age. Significant difference in RBCs count between some groups and highly significant difference in Hb and PCV contents between another groups. Gradual elevation in the values of total leucocytes count from one month up to 10 years old was observed. Marked decrease in total WBCs count was reported in animals of both sexes on 10-20 years old. This denotes that Significant and highly significant differences appear in total WBCs count between animal groups. The biochemical parameters revealed highly significant difference in the total protein and albumin in some groups of male animals. Non significant fluctuation was observed in blood serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium regarding the age and sex factors. In conclusion, it was clear that both age and sex factors has a marked influence on some blood contents in Egyptian donkeys.

This work was planned to investigate the bacteria isolated from broiler chickens head suffered from naked eye pathological lesions. Out of 200 examined head lesions, the result revealed that the major pathogens associated with swollen head syndrome (SHS) were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern against 11 different antimicrobials proved that isolates were resistant to most of the tested antimicrobial agents. PCR was applied on 4 MDR E. coli, 4 S. dysgalactiae and 2 P. aeruginosa for detection of some resistance and virulence genes. The results of E. coli isolates revealed that blaTEM gene was the most prevalent in all isolates (100%) followed by tetA (A), aada1, aada2 and aacC genes. Meanwhile tetA (B) gene was found in 3 (75%), while aadB gene was not detected in any isolates. All S. dysgalactiae proved to harbour 16srRNAgene also all S. dysgalactiae were 100% positive for tuf gene followed by speF gene which found in 2 isolate (50%). The results of PCR of P. aeruginosa isolates revealed that toxA gene was the most prevalent gene found in all isolates (100%) followed by lasI. Then, phzM gene was found in one isolate (50%).

The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of acute and chronic hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol and thioacetamide respectively on serum hormonal levels and biochemical parameters. Female Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 equal groups (C), (P) and (T). Group (C) were kept as control, group (P) were received paracetamol orally (500 mg/kg b.wt) daily for 15 days and those of group (T) were injected thioacetamide (200 mg/kg b.wt) intraperitonialy twice/ week for 90 days. In P group, results revealed significant elevation in liver enzyme activities (ALT, AST and ALP), T4, insulin (7th day), estrogen (7th and 15th days), triglycerides (7th day) and cholesterol levels throughout the experiment while serum proteins and T4 (15th day) showed significant decreased values. Whereas, at 90th days of chronic intoxicated group (T) resulted in significant elevation in liver enzyme activities (ALT, AST and ALP), bilirubin, estrogen, T4, triglycerides (60th and 90th days) and T3 (120th day). While the levels of T4 and cortisol (60th day), serum total protein, albumin, globulin (90th day) and insulin (120th day) showed significant decreased values when compared to control group. In conclusion, both paracetamol and thioacetamide cause different degrees of damage in liver of rats leading to clear changes in their hormonal and biochemical profiles.

This study was done to evaluate and study the decaying curve of IBD MDAbs of the native chicken breeds including (Fayoumi, Dandrawi, Senawi and Baladi) were taken in consideration as compared with (Lohmann white) layer type breed. The results showed that the decline of maternal immunity of IBDV in Lohmann is the faster followed by Senawi, Baladi, Fayoumi and Dandrawi and the 1 day IBD ELISA titers were shown to be nearly equal in Senawi (5449 ± 371) and Lohmann (4536±437) and titer of Baladi chicks was close to the for mentioned two breeds (5327±371), the Dandrawi (4649±331) and Fayoumi (4596±857) are lower but close to each other. The standard deviation (SD) values recorded in Fayoumi breed showed great variation in the recorded titers, while of the other 4 groups seamed to be homogenous. Comparing the 22 day decline manner in titer it was clear that the loss in titer in Fayoumi (3494) and Lohmann (3413) was nearly equal and followed by Dandrawi (3093) and Baladi (2972) those showing lower titers. The recorded unprotected titer ≤ 400 was detected at 43 days in Lohmann, Baladi and Senawi, 37 days in Dandrawi and 31 in Fayoumi. Percentage of decline from its original values showed that Fayoumi last (75.95%) at 22 days followed by (66.53%) in Dandrawi followed by (62.78%) Lohmann,(55.79) Baladi and (55.19) Senawi. Different breeds showed different slope values that indicate differences in the decay of maternal antibodies. The predication of antibody titer for each breed as the slope in decline curve in Lohmann chicks showed highest values followed by Dandrawi chicks while the Fayoumi and Baladi were as the same values and on the other hand the Senawi showed the lowest value.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of boron supplementation in ration of rams on their productive activity and semen quality. For that purpose, twelve rams were divided into two groups (6 rams/ each). Rams of the first control group were fed the basal ration. Concerning the second group (boron group), the rams were fed the basal ration plus 400 mg boric acid (BA) / kg diet as a source of boron. The rams in both groups fed their corresponding ration for 4 months ad libitum. Blood samples were collected monthly throughout the experimental period. Semen samples were collected at the 12th and 16th weeks of the experiment. The results clarified that the serum levels of tetraiodotyrosine (T4) were observed to be elevated significantly (P<0.05) with growing of age in the rams fed B, but they didn't change in the control group. In addition, the semen quality was maintained normal with boronsupplementation as the individual sperm motilities and live/dead sperm cells percentages were similar to control. Also, boronsupplementation didn't induce any adverse effects on the serum levels of Mg when compared to control group. Thus, boronis considered a potential and useful supplement in ration of rams to improve the thyroid activities and didn't induce any adverse effects on either semen quality or serum magnesium level in rams.

Diabetes is characterized by hyperphagia, and polydypsia. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes produces these effects are not clear. This study was conducted to examine changes in serum insulin and leptin levels in induced-type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to concomitant changes in body weight, glycemic state and lipid profiles in rats. Moreover, we aimed to clarify that the treatment with lipoic acid (LA) is capable of reversing these effects or not. Ninety-six male rats were divided into 3 groups, control group (32 rats) was considered as normal non-diabetic, 64 rats were subcutaneously injected with alloxan (120 mg/kg.b.wt) for induction of diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were divided into two equal subgroups, the first is diabetic group that was not treated with LA, and the other is LA-treated diabetic group that was treated with LA at a dose 100 mg/kg b.wt / day for four weeks. Body weight, serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment– insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and leptin were measured. The data showed significant increase in serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and glucose levels as well as HOMA-IR while significant decrease in the mean body weight gain, serum insulin and leptin levels in diabetic group in comparison with control group. The treatment with lipoic acid led to significant decrease in serum fasting and postprandial glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol levels as well as slight decreased HOMA-IR with significant increased levels of serum insulin and leptin in comparison with diabetic group. It could be concluded that alloxan-induced diabetes led to hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipideamia and hypoleptinamia. Moreover, treatment with lipoic acid ameliorates these changes and improves insulin sensitivity.

Fifty raw ewe’s and goat’s milk samples (25 of each) were examined for total viable, psychrotrophic count and the presence of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. The obtained results revealed that the mean total bacterial counts/ml were 1.9 x103 and 1.4 x103 in the examined samples, respectively. Psychrotrophic bacteria could be detected in all examined samples (100.0 %) with mean values of 7.8 x10 and 6.3 x10/mL, respectively. Staphylococci, Enterococci, and E. coli , were detected in (52.0 & 84.0 %), (44.0 & 36.0 %) and (36.0 & 44.0 %) of the examined samples with mean values/ml of (7.2 x10 & 6.1 x10), (2.5 x10 & 2.4 x10) and (3.0 x10 & 2.1x10), respectively. The predominant isolated bacterial strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and E. coli, at percentages of (24.3 & 19.2 %), (16.2 & 32.7 %), (10.8 & 13.5 %), (19.0 & 17.3 %) and (29.7 & 17.3 %) of total isolates, respectively. On the other hand, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni, Corynebacterium bovis and Salmonellae failed to be detected in all examined samples. The sanitary and public health importance of these organisms as well as preventive measures to improve the quality of milk and safeguard the consumers from infection were discussed.

FMD virus type A/1/ Egypt 2006 was inactivated with 0.1 M of BEI (Binary ethylene imine) formed by cyclization of 2- Bromoethyl-amine hydrobromide (BEA) in 0.2 N NaoH at 37oC with PH 8.0 for 24 hours. The virus was complete inactivated after 15 hours post inactivation. No residual virus particles were detected when inoculated in tissue culture. The inactivation rates are linear with a regular loss of titer ranged from 0.5- 1.0 log10 / hour. Control sample of virus at 37oC without BEI showed only a loss of 1.0 log from the original infectivity titer after 24 hours. The sample of virus which kept at -20oC, without BEI, showed loss 0.3 log10 from its original infectivity titer after 24 hours. There is no change in the complement fixing antigen before and after inactivation process with BEI inactivator and in the CFT 7 dilution of antigen was stable (fixed) pre and post inactivation of virus. Also it was found that the inactivation rate of BEI was higher than the inactivation with pure Ethylenimine (EI) and formalin.

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in different breed of goats based on age, sex, seasonal variation and vaccination status at Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Pirojpur Sadar, Bangladesh during the period from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 319 cases of different breed of goats were recorded in which 43 (13.48%) were infected by Peste des Petits Ruminants. The diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants was performed based on clinical history, clinical signs and some laboratory techniques. The major clinical signs were high fever, nasal discharge, rapid breathing, mouth lesions and bloody diarrhea.The prevalence was highest in Black Bengal goat (6.90%) compare to Jamunapari (3.76%) and crossbreds (2.82%). Female goats were more susceptible (60.47%) than the male goats (39.53%). 5 months to 11 months aged goats showed highest prevalence (48.84%) followed by 1 to 3 years aged goats (27.91%) and 0 to 4 months aged goats (23.26%). In winter season, the prevalence was highest (55.81%) compare to summer (25.58%) and rainy season (18.60%). The non-vaccinated goats were more susceptible (90.91%) than the vaccinated goats (9.09%).Those prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in different breed of goats based on age, sex, seasons and vaccination will help clinician to know the occurrence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in this area and will help them to take proper preventive measures.

Infection with Neospora caninum in a dog is described. The predominant clinical findings were proprioception deficit, involuntary and continuous contracture of the pelvic extremity muscles. N. caninum is structurally similar to Toxoplasma gondii, but it is immunologically distinct. Therefore, infections had been misdiagnosed as toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by an immunofluorescence antibody test. The parasite is sensitive to clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulphonamide, however the prognosis is poor especially if the muscle contractures have occurred.