Canine oral papillomatosis is a contagious and spontaneously regressing benign neoplastic disease of young dogs caused by canine oral papillomavirus. Six dogs of different breeds aged between 1-3 years were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex with the history of wart like lesions in different parts of the oral cavity. Under Xylazine sedation and 10 % Lignocaine spray representative biopsy sample of wart was surgically excised. Autogenous vaccine was developed and mixed with formalin solution to in activate the virus. Dogs were subjected to inj. Autovaccine 1 ml through subcutaneous route once in a week for 5 weeks. Warts were completely regressed within 4 weeks period after autoimmune therapy. There was no recurrence of papillomatosis among the treated dogs during the follow-up period of 6 months and no adverse effects were recorded.

Ranula rarely resolve without surgery and marsupialisation is easily applicable technique to manage sublingual salivary mucocele. A two year old male German shepherd dog was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of swelling on ventral aspect of the tongue for the past one and half month. The fine needle aspiration cytology revealed macrophages mixed with coccobacillary clumps, haematobiochemical parameters were within the physiological range. Based on the clinical signs, the case was diagnosed as ranula. Under atropine sulphate and xylazine hydrochloride premedication, induction of anaesthesia with ketamine and diazepam followed by isoflurane maintenance, marsupialization was done.  Postoperatively, the animal was treated with broad spectrum antibiotic and antiinflammatory drugs for five days, and the animal recovered uneventfully after 15 days.

The carcass characteristics of indigenous Siruvidai chicken were evaluated by sacrificing eight birds of each sex at 16 weeks of age. The results revealed that the mean pre-slaughter weight, New York dressed yield (%), eviscerated carcass yield (%) and ready to cook yield (%) in males (1006.98±10.87 g, 90.50±0.14, 65.11±0.40 and 70.83±0.42 %, respectively) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than females (825.21±5.90 g, 88.85±0.09, 62.77±0.33 and 68.41±0.34 %, respectively) and the overall mean values in the combined sex were 916.10±24.22 g, 89.67±0.23, 63.94±0.39 and 69.62±0.41 %, respectively. The mean blood loss and feather loss percentage were significantly (P<0.01) higher in females (4.28±0.05 and 6.87±0.08 %) than males (3.55±0.03 and 5.95±0.13 %) with the overall mean of 3.92±0.09 and 6.41±0.14 %, respectively. The giblets, gizzard, heart and liver yield of males (5.60±0.02, 2.33±0.01, 0.39±0.01 and 2.88±0.01 %, respectively) were significantly (P<0.05) lower than females (5.80±0.03, 2.42±0.01, 0.42±0.01 and 2.96±0.01 % respectively) with overall mean of 5.70±0.02, 2.38±0.01, 0.41±0.01and 2.92±0.01 %, respectively. The neck, back, breast, wing, thigh, drumstick yield percentage and meat-bone ratio of Siruvidai males (6.07±0.02, 22.60±0.18, 22.51±0.06, 12.16±0.21, 17.13±0.17, 15.21±0.17 % and 0.99) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than females (5.88±0.04, 19.91±0.21, 21.50±0.16, 11.53±0.18, 15.16±0.21, 13.43±0.39 % and 0.90, respectively) and the overall mean values in the combined sex were 5.98±0.03, 21.26±0.37, 22.01±0.15, 11.85±0.16, 16.15±0.28, 14.32±0.31 % and 0.95, respectively. The results of the present study provided base line information about the carcass traits of indigenous Siruvidai chicken ecotype under farm conditions.

Examination of gastro intestinal tract of 20 carcasses of backyard poultry revealed mucoid material in the lumen of the proventriculus and gizzard. The mucosa of proventriculus and gizzard were thickened. Peeling of the horny gizzard cuticle layer revealed the presence of Cheilospirura hamulosa on the sub-mucosal and muscular surface. The lumen of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract contained tenacious muco-sanguineous content. Caeca was completely filled with tarry red coloured content mixed with Subulura brumpti.

A two year old non descript bitch was presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary Clinical Complex, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry with a history of an accidentall fall from the first floor of a building to the spiked metal railings of a gate onto the ground level. Physical examination revealed respiratory distress, pain on palpation around thoracic and abdomen region, perforating wound was noticed on the left lateral thorax at the level of 10 costal cartilage and animal was vomiting since then. On radiographic examination, a mild pneumothorax and gas filled air pockets were noticed in the abdomen, suspecting gastric perforation. Haematobiochemical values were within the normal range. Animal was stabilized by oxygen supplementation, IV fluids and analgesics. After stabilization, anaesthesia was achieved by Inj. Diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg and Inj. Propofol @ 3 mg/kg IV. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to repair the perforating wound. Post operatively, antibiotics and analgesia were administered for 5th days along with fluid therapy. Based on history and clinical examination, the case was diagnosed as gastric perforation due to high rise syndrome and animal made an uneventful recovery.

A pluriparous full-term pregnant buffalo was presented with a history of unproductive straining with improper relaxation of the vulva. Detailed obstetrical examination revealed the presence of two fetuses that were conjoined twins with attachment present at the sternal region of the thorax of the fetuses. The conjoined twins (Ziphopagus monster) were delivered per-vaginal by episiotomy technique.

The occurrence of the spirurid nematode, Pterygodermatites cahirensis in a Palm civet cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) observed during necropsy is reported. The worms were found in the intestinal content. Male worms were small and slender compared to females. The worms had two rows of spines on the lateroventral sides along the whole length of the body. Males had short spicules. Females had uterus filled with developing ova. Eggs were thick-shelled with undifferentiated yolk mass.

An attempt was made to overview the conduct, components and output of various livestock research activities conducted in TANUVAS for the period from 2008 to 2018. Among 152 projects completed during the study period, there were 52 health projects, 36 production, 25 social science, 16 clinical science, 14 infrastructure, six processing, two environment and one education related projects. The research investment of projects completed from 2008 to 2018 was found to be the highest for Health (Rs.1767.70 lakhs), followed by Infrastructure (Rs.1723.40 lakhs), Production (Rs.668.72 lakhs), Social science (Rs.393.82 lakhs), Clinical science (Rs.360.28 lakhs), Education (Rs.221.47 lakhs), Processing (Rs.87.50 lakhs) and Environment (Rs.14.64 lakhs). Among various livestock species, Poultry research occupied predominant position with 39 numbers of projects with outlay of Rs.791.25 lakhs. It should be noted that the research on companion animals and fodder were less than 10 in last ten years. A total of 44 patents were filed in TANUVAS during last decade, among which seven were granted. It is concluded that the focus should also be made on fodder, swine and companion animal and fodder research.

In recent times drug repurposing has gained interest over the traditional drug discovery due to reduction in time and cost of development of new drug. Drug repurposing approach has given promising drug candidates for various viral diseases like COVID 19, Ebola, Zika, Dengue, Influenza, HIV, Herpes, etc. Ontarget and off-target are the two basic strategies of drug repurposing. Macrolide, Artemisinin, Quinoline antiparasitic drugs are some of the drugs repurposed against cancer and drugs like thalidomide are repurposed against COVID-19 infection. Repurposing of veterinary drugs like ivermectin, levamisole and benzemidazole group of antiparasitic drugs are also under consideration. This review elaborates repurposing of antihypertensive drugs like angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers as anti- neoplastic drugs, anti-diabetic drugs against Alzheimer’s disease, fluorophenyl benzimidazole (FPD) as antihypertensive drug, thalidomide against COVID-19 infection, levamisole as antineoplastic drug, benzimidazole as anti-cryptococcal drug and some other new drugs. Usage of in silico techniques and pharmacophore modeling strategies can further accelerate the process of drug repurposing. The drug repurposing strategies significantly minimize research and development costs, provide greater chances of success, shorter research time and lower investment risk.

An attempt was made to document the management practices of the backyard goat production in Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu. The primary data were collected by interviewing 180 backyard goat farmers selected by multi-stage random sampling using pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed through descriptive statistics. About 46.11 per cent of the respondents kept their animals under open system of housing and floor of the goat shed was mud type in 96.67 per cent of the sampled farmers. All the farmers stored manure in an open place. Majority of goat farmers raise their goats solely on browsing and grazing stubble of field crops, natural pasture and tree leaves. Majority of farmers did not possess their own breeding buck but they use community buck for breeding purpose. Middlemen (57.22 per cent) played a major role in marketing of goat in all categories of flocks, followed by butcher (36.11 per cent). Only one-fifth of flock owners dewormed their flocks yearly twice. None of the sample respondents vaccinated their goat against infectious diseases. Goats were marketed round the year (87.78 per cent) and about 12 per cent marketed their goats on special occasions. The major reasons for marketing was found to be the want of money to overcome financial problem (61.07 mean score) in case of bucks / male kids and culling due to old age (66.00 mean score) in case of breeding does. Majority of the sample backyard goat farmers did not follow scientific  management practices at their farm level, which warrants intensive extension programmes. Implementation of best management practices among backyard goat farmers in Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu would improve the profitability.