In all age groups of birds, there was significant PAS positive activity in the capsule, septa, apical region of lining epithelial cells of intercalated duct, intralobular duct, and interlobular duct, as well as blood vessels in all lobes of the pancreas. The PAS positive activity of the zymogen granules in groups I and II was extremely high, whereas it was reduced to moderate and moderate to low in groups III and IV, respectively. Intense PAS activity was visible on the basement membrane and apical border of the lining epithelial cells of interlobar ducts. All endocrine lobes across all age groups of birds had modest to moderate PAS activity.

The occurrence of Trichuris sp. nematodes in the caecum and colon of a free-ranging female gaur (Bos gaurus) observed during necropsy is reported. The body condition of the animal was thin with appreciable muscle wasting, sunken eye balls, rough hair coat, enlarged lymph nodes and pale mucous membrane. On necropsy, worms were found adhering to the mucosa of the caecum and colon. The worms were collected in 10% formalin, processed and identified as Trichuris sp. The worms were white in colour with whip-like anterior end, males were shorter than females. A total of 265 worms were recovered out of which 80 were male worms and 185 were female worms. The adult males were 30-55 mm long and 0.2-0.6 mm in width with a slender filiform anterior end comprising and a coiled posterior end. The adult females were 60-70 mm long and 0.3- 0.6 mm in width with a straight posterior end. It is however not probable that this infection could be one of the factors causing death of the animal.

A four-year old fullterm pregnant doe in its third parity was presented to the obstetrical ward with the history of unproductive straining for the past 24 hours. Physical examination revealed that the doe was anorectic, dehydrated, and had moderate rise in body temperature. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of an abnormal dead fetus. Per-vaginal examination revealed that the cervix had incomplete dilatation. Hence, the cesarean section was opted to relieve the dead fetus. After cesarean section, the defective fetus was found to be schistosomous reflexus monster. Postoperatively, the doe had an uneventful recovery, indicative of a successful surgical outcome.

Bone fractures pose significant health concerns in both humans and animals, necessitating effective strategies for accelerated healing. This study is aimed to evaluate the bone healing potential of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) in Wistar rats. A total of 24 rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6 each). Group I served as healthy control, group II as fractured untreated control, group III received oral CQ treatment (400 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days), and group IV received topical CQ application at the fracture site for the same duration. Biochemical and radiological assessments were conducted to monitor healing progress. Results demonstrated significant (p<0.05) improvements in biochemical markers of bone healing in treated groups compared to the untreated control. Notably, oral administration of CQ in group III showed the most rapid and effective fracture healing, while topical application in group IV also yielded beneficial effects, albeit slightly delayed. In conclusion, Cissus quadrangularis exhibits promising bone-healing properties in Wistar rats, with oral administration proving more effective than topical application. These findings support further investigation into CQ as a natural therapeutic agent for fracture management.

Acute pancreatitis in dogs, characterized by sudden pancreatic inflammation and autodigestion, most commonly affects middle-aged to older patients. It typically results in abdominal pain, inappetence, and vomiting. While the underlying cause is often idiopathic, consumption of high-fat diets is a well-recognized trigger. A one- year-old male Shih Tzu was presented with acute abdominal signs, including anorexia, vomiting, and cranial abdominal pain, following four months on a high-fat paneer-based diet. While abdominal radiography was unremarkable, ultrasonography revealed a thickened, hypoechoic right pancreatic lobe with surrounding hyperechoic mesenteric fat, suggestive of acute pancreatitis. Routine haematological and biochemical parameters, including serum amylase and lipase, were within normal limits; however, the serum canine-specific pancreatic lipase (Spec cPL) concentration was significantly elevated at 410 µg/L, confirming the diagnosis. Supportive management and dietary correction to a low-fat prescription diet resulted in complete clinical resolution by the seventh day. Follow-up Spec cPL concentration normalized to 55.9 µg/L within twenty days, and no recurrence was observed over a one-year period. This case highlights dietary fat as a key trigger and underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis using Spec cPL and ultrasonography, alongside targeted nutritional management for successful recovery.

A 2.5 years old Pattanam ewe(pregnant around 45 days) was brought with a history of mass protruding from vulva for past 24 hours. On external genital examination, the animal was having a soft and fluctuating ball like protruding mass measuring about 6×6.5cm from vulval region. The vaginal mass was further explored by aspiration and surgical incision which revealed the presence of colorless fluid filled thin membrane like structure. Based on microscopic examination where a single invaginated scolex with 4 unarmed suckers were viewed, then this case was confirmatively diagnosed as “A vaginal cyst due to Cysticercus tenuicollis”. The animal was dewormed with susp. Fenbendazole and Praziquantel. The antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine therapy along with topical antiseptic ointment were followed for next 5 days and the ewe recovered uneventfully.

A four-year-old mongrel bitch was presented with a history of foul-smelling greenish-black vaginal discharge and whelped four puppies three days earlier. Clinical, ultrasonographic and radiological examinations confirmed a diagnosis of foetal remnants with emphysematous changes. During a midventral laparotomy, a uterine rupture at the dorsal curvature of the left uterine horn was identified and two deceased foetuses were removed. Ovariohysterectomy was performed at the owner’s request as per standard surgical procedure. The bitch was treated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and supportive therapy, alongside surgical wound care. The bitch made an uneventful recovery.

Congenital goiter is characterized by enlargement of thyroid gland, stillbirth, abortion, prolonged gestation and birth of weak calves. This case report documents the successful management of a congenital goiter using levothyroxine. The condition was tentatively diagnosed  based on clinical signs and confirmed by rapid therapeutic response, with complete recovery observed in fifteen days. To prevent future cases, it is recommended to avoid feeding cruciferous plants to pregnant dams and to ensure adequate supplementation of iodine during gestation in iodine deficient areas.

Rational drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on knowledge of the biological target. Drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bimolecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it. In the experiment based approach, drugs are discovered through trial and error. With high R&D cost and consumption, computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions and reduce time and cost. Scientists can predict whether the molecule will succeed or fail in the market. Currently, the process of drug designing increasingly relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. In computational drug discovery, different computational tools, methods, and software are used to simulate drug receptor interactions. Using computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions with less time and cost.

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group of drugs. It is commonly used in the poultry industry for the treatment of bacterial infections and is also used as a growth promoter. This study was aimed at validating the sensitive HPLC method for the assay of CTC in chicken plasma. The method consisted of isocratic elution with separation using a C]8 column. The mobile phase used in the study was aqueous oxalic acid (0.03M), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 60:30:10. The HPLC conditions included a flow rate of Iml/min with UVdetection at 375nm. CTC in chicken plasma was extracted with Mcllvaine buffer followed by dilution with water in the ratio of 1:1 andfiltered using 0.22p filters. The peak of chlortetracycline was noticed at 5-6 minis. The method was linear from 0.05mg/ml to 10mg/ml. The recovery percentage from plasma was recorded as 110%. Thus, from this study it is inferred that this method is optimal for the assay of CTC in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies.