The study carried out in order to investigation the prevalence of gastro -intestinal protozoa in feces of buffaloes in Babylon governorate (Iraq) during the period between November 2014 to May 2015.Atotal of 200 fecal samples of buffaloes ( 50calves , 60 males and 90 females) ,the highest prevalence rate with Eimeria spp. was in calves (36%) ,males (8.3%) females (10%) followed by closed rate with Cryptosporidium spp. which was recorded (16%) in calves , (13.3%) in males, and (4.4%) in females ,the prevalence rate was reported with Giaridia duodenalis in calves (20%) and (11.6% ,8.8%) in males and females respectivly. According to the age and sex , calves and males were showed highly infection rates with protozoa.

Granulomas are masses of tissue reaction resulted as well from of infection, inflammation or presence of foreign bodies. The present study was conducted to investigate the gross and histopathological features of granulomas of unknown etiology.Twenty seven cases of granulomas were collected from the lung of sheep and goats. The gross lesions of granulomas were small to large nodules, white to gray in color, and hard in palpation. Histopathologically, all granulomas were undergone caseous necrosis which surrounded by inflammatory zone and most importantly presence of multinucleated giant cells. This study differentiates the granulomas from other lung lesions based on gross and histopathological finding.

This study was conducted in Basrah at period from September- 2012 throughout August- 2013.Blood samples were collected from 480 sheep in different ages and both genders. Haematological parameters were estimated and the result revealed that; the sheep included in this study have lower haematological parameters than the standard ones. Young animals in this study suffering from macrocytic normochromic anaemia

The intent of this study were to explain the normal anatomy of Iraqi sheep eye by using the ultrasonography. Ocular ultrasonographic inspection were achieved on 15 young sheep (8-12 months) from local breed. ultrasonographic images were obtained with a 7.5 MHz linear probe in the sagittal plane. The results of this study showed that the Axial Globe Length (AGL) was (20.05 mm), Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) was (1.85 mm), Vitreous Chamber Depth (VCD) was (9.82 mm), Scleroretinal Rim Thickness (SRT) was (1.07 mm), Lens Thickness (LT) was (8.95 mm) and Corneal Thickness (CT) was (1.14 mm) respectively. The values of the dimensions of the normal eye components which obtained from this study by using ultrasonography give excellent guide to practitioners in the evaluation of ocular diseases in sheep.

The study carried to isolation and identification some bacterial causes of lung abscesses in the sheep in Najaf province by Orientation chromagar. Forty two lung abscess were collected fromdied (10) and slaughtered sheep(32). The result of bacterial isolation appeared 32 bacterial isolates included 18 (56.2%) Gram positive bacteria and 14(43.7%) Gram negative bacteria according morphology and color of colony and confirmed by classical biochemical test .The Staphylococcus aureus were predominant bacteria 15(46.8%) , Escherichia coli 9 (28.1 %), Klebsiella pneumonia 5 (15.6 %) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3 (9.3%).

The present study is to identify the chemical composition of bay leaves (Laurusnobilis L.) protein, oil, ash and carbohydrate which were (7.62, 8.5, 3.63, 50.83)% respectively.This paper reports the concentration of many minerals calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper magnesium, manganese, and zink. calcium and magnesium have the highest concentration(377,550 mg /g) respectively, vitamins concentration also determined riboflavin, ascorbic acid which were (45.33, 2, 0.90 mg/g) respectively. Bay oil.Was extracted from bay leaves(L.nobilis)with petroleum ether using Soxhlet apparatus. Bay oil showed high value in unsaturated fatty acids 55% include oleic,linoleic,linolenic, and saturated fatty acids 45% include laureic, merestic, palmetic, stearic. The present study describe the reducing power and antioxidant activity for alcoholic extracts of bay leaves.rates of antioxidant activity and reducing power increases as the concentrate of bay leaves extract increasedwhich were (173.81%) and (75.61%) respectively at 5% concentration.

The present study was designed to identify Anaplasma spp. in sheep in middle of Iraq, since 632 local sheep breeds were randomly selected from (Baghdad, Babylon, Wasit, Najaf and Karbala) to examine. Results indicated that different Anaplasma spp. were identified: Anaplasma marginale 75 (11.86%) positive cases, Anaplasma centrale 45 (7.12%) positive cases and Anaplasma ovis 19 (3.01%) positive cases; as well as there were many cases of mixed infection distributed as A. marginale and A. centrale 15 (2.37%) cases, A. marginale and A. ovis 9 (1.42%), A. centrale and A. ovis 4 (0.63%) cases and there were 4 (0.63%) cases carried mixed infection with A. marginale , A. centrale and A. ovis. Results were also showed that infected animals show different clinical manifestation such as fever, change in pulse and respiratory rate, loss of appetite, emaciation, change in hematological parameters, further more anemia were of types macrocytic hypochromic which more predominant type followed by microcytic hypochromic and normocytic hypochromic respectively.

The aim of present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of some medicinal plants{ pomegranate peel (Punicagranatum) , oak trunks (Quercusacuta),thyme fruit(Thymus vulgaris )andCinnamon tree cortex (Cinnamomumzeylanicum)}at different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from fecal samples of domestic chickens (suffering from signs of enteritis infection) and compared their activity with effectiveness of standard reference antibiotics used in this study and by measuring the zones of inhibition produced around the holes after incubation on Muller-Hinton agar. The results exhibited variable susceptibility of tested microorganisms for different concentration of extracts. In present study, the activity of most these medicinal plants extracts was associated with high concentrations. The results showed ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of thyme and Cinnamon as well as,ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel, oak exhibited significant effectiveness against E.coli isolates while, same isolates werethe more resistant bacteria for chloroformic extracts of pomegranate peel and oak. The ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of oak andCinnamon showed good antibacterial activity against salmonella Typhimuriumisolates, except ethanolic extract of oak at concentration 50 mg/mldid not show any antibacterial activity againstSalmonella Typhimurium isolates.Ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of thyme as well as, ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel showed moderate antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimuriumisolates while;chloroformic extracts of pomegranate peel did not show any antibacterial activity against same isolates. In this study, the standard antibiotics (nalidixic acid, lincomycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and novobiocin) showed low effective in inhibition the growth of E.coli andSalmonella typhimurium isolates while,cephalothin showed no effect in inhibition against the growth of the tested organisms.

This study was conducted to isolate Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) from bovine subclinical mastitis cases and study their effect on chemical composition of milk. A total of 152 milk samples were collected from apparently normal cows from Basrah province, subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 51.97% of tested samples by using California mastitis test (CMT). Staphylococcus aureus and CNS were isolated from 20.25% and 16.45% cases of tested SCM respectively. The affected samples with SCM have high concentrations of fat and protein, the difference from normal samples was statistically highly significant (P ˂0.001) for fat; lactose was lower in affected samples. The pH of affected samples was higher than that of normal, however, pH of samples containing S. aureus was the highest (7.8375) and the difference was statistically significant (P˂ 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that all isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and vancomycin. However, the resistance to oxacillin and penicillin exhibited by CNS and S. aureus were 76.9%, 84.6%, 62.5% and 68.75% respectively. It have been concluded that, subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococci(in particular S. aureus) which carried resistance to antibioticsused in human medicine represents a big problem.However, the changes caused by S. aureus and other staphylococci in pH and chemical composition of mastitic milk may reduce the shelf life and processing of the products.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of aspirin on the female reproductive organs in albino rats. (21) mature female albino rats (150-170gm) were divided into three groups: 1st group which treated as negative control group, it was drenched only 0.2 ml of PBS.2nd group was drenched with Aspirin(10 mg/Kg of B.W once daily for 14 days).3rd group was drenched with Aspirin (20 mg/Kg B.W once daily for 14 days). Our results showed that 2nd group and 3rd group demonstrated significantly decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the values of plasma LH compared with control group. In values of plasma FSH hormone, the 2nd and 3rd groups showed significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the relation with the control group. On the other hand, the microscopic examination of the histopathological sections of uteri of all the treated and control groups showed that the 2nd group demonstrated mild hyperplasia and degeneration in the epithelial cells which lining the uterus and there is few numbers of uteri glands. Also marked hyperplasia and vacuolation of the epithelial cells which lines the uterus. In 3rd group, the histopathological examination of uteri elucidates profuse proliferation and irregular hyperplasia of smooth muscles in the wall of uterus, there is high infiltration of inflammatory cells and there is congestion of blood vessels. Also there is marked vacuolation of uterine epithelial cells and fewer and smaller uterine glands than the 2nd group and 1st (control) group. In ovaries of 2nd group showed markedly few follicular growth wave characterized by primary, secondary follicles and there is congestion and thrombi in the ovarian stroma. Also presence of large corpus luteum. But the histopathological changes in the ovaries of 3rd group animals showed more severity than 2nd group animals in which there are primary and secondary follicles with severe congestion and hemorrhage, also there is high numbers of corpus luteum. 1st (control) group was showed normal histological feature of uteri and ovaries. We conclude from the present study that different doses of aspirin can cause histopathological effects and hormonal disturbances in FSH and LH hormones.