The effects of red ginseng and raw ginseng were examined in vivo mid-term test for hepatocarcinogens in rats. The number of placental type of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive foci of the liver was significantly reduced in rats given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by raw ginseng (4.77 +- 3.23, p0.05) as compared to the controls given carcinogen alone (9.07 +- 5.69). The area of GST-P positive foci was also significantly reduced in rats given DEN followed by red ginseng (0.5 +- 0.31, p0.05) as compared to the control (0.93 +- 0.65). These result suggest that red or raw ginseng are not hepatocarcinogens and rather may possess inhibitory potential for liver carcinogenesis

The study was undertaken to obtain indirect values of volume of packed red cell (VPRC) without centrifugation, using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of diluted blood in dogs. ESRs of diluted blood using the diluent of autologous plasma in which formed numerous RBC-rouleau clumps, autologous serum in which formed a few RBC-rouleau clumps, and 5 % dextrose or 6 % sucrose solutions in which formed numerous RBC-aggregation clumps, were accelerated. But ESR of diluted blood using the 0.9 % saline, D-S, ACD-B, CDP or D-PBS solutions were sluggish, because erythrocytes were dispersed in these diluents. Reliable values of VPRC on the basis of the correlating regressive equation to the ESR could be derived from values of 60deg C-angled-micro-ESR/40 min in the mixture, four parts of 5 % dextrose solution and one part of whole blood. In the ESR values of diluted blood with low ratio, 1 : 1-3 : 1, 60deg C-micro-ESR was higher than 60deg C-Wintrobe-ESR. But, in the diluted blood with high ratio, 4 : 1-5 : 1, there was no different ESR values. For an aid of practical use, authors suggested a list of the 60deg C-micro-ESR/40 min in the diluted blood with equivalent VPRC of whole blood

Pure separation of various leukocytes is required for the assessment of their roles in immunological and physiological function. In this study, pure separation of monocytes from canine peripheral blood was attempted. At first, mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated by ficoll-hypaque gradient method and then monocytes were recovered from PBMC suspensions in sucrose gradient Sol. (PBMC-Sucrose), autologous plasma (PBMC-Plasma) and autologous serum (PBMC-Serum) incubated at 37deg C for 2 hours. In the separation of PBMC by ficoll-hypaque gradient method in canine blood, higher relative centrifugal force (RCF) was required, as high as more than 1,300xg RCF for 40 minutes, for clear formation of PBMC layer than that in human blood as usually used 400xg RCF for 40 minutes. In monocytes-separation from three PBMC suspensions following PBMC separation, recovery-, purity- and viability- rate of monocytes showed better results in PBMC-Plasma and PBMC-Serum than in PBMC-Sucrose suspension, particularly showing better results from PBMC suspensions performed by centrifugation at 1,500xg RCF for 40 minutes

This study was carried out to determine suitable selection factors for recipients and embryos which could improve pregnancy rates following bovine embryo transfer. The experiment included 52 surgical transfers from February, 1985 through June, 1986 performed on Kyongbuk Breeding Center in southern Korea. The pregnancy rate was highest when recipients were in estrus within 6 hours before the donor to 12 hours after the donor (78.3 % versus 50 % for recipients in estrus earlier or later). Pregnancy rates were acceptable following culture under field conditions for up to 17 hours. More recipients over 15 months of age (76.1 %) remained pregnant than those under 15 months (66.7 %). Embryos transferred during the months from February to July resulted in higher pregnancy rates than those transferred during the remaining 6 months (77.3 % versus 57.1 %). Transferrable embryos were classified A (best) to C (worst); those graded A or B resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rates than those graded C (81.8 % and 73.3 % versus 25.0 %, p0.05). Pregnancy rates among recipients of the Korean native breed tended to be higher than among Holstein recipients (100 % versus 71.1 %). Similarly, when the embryo was transferred to the right uterine horn, pregnancy rates tended to be higher than when it was transferred to the left (81.3 % versus 65 %). Pregnancy rates did not differ according to the stage of development of the embryo; they were for morulae, tight morulae, blastocysts, and advanced blastocysts, respectively : 75.0 %, 66.7 %, 75.0 %, and 77.4 %

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of application of a micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of specific toxoplasma antibodies in swine sera and this test was performed as a microplate system by coating the polystyrene plates with toxoplasma soluble antigen, incubated serially diluted sera, then added horse radish peroxidase labelled goat anti-swine IgG(r) conjugate followed by o-phenylenediamine as substrate. The color development by enzyme-substrate reaction was determined by the photometric reading [ELISA reader at 490nm (OD)] and visual reading. The soluble antigen was prepared from the tachyzoites in mouse peritoneal cavity. A total of 1,200 swine sera from pig slaughter-house and a total of 116 swine sera from pig breeding station (S-C farm) were tested for the detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The optimal reactions of indirect ELISA for the test sera were determined by the dilution of antigen 1:256 and 1:3,200 of horse radish peroxidase conjugate [anti-swine IgG (r)]. The specific toxoplasma antibody (IgG) in pigs infected with Tp artifically were detected as the serum titers of 1:64 or 1:128 at one week postinfection. Of a total of 1,200 swine sera from pig slaughter-house 505 samples of sera were detected as positive (42.1 %) and of a total of 116 swine sera from S-C pig breeding station 68 samples of sera as positive (58.6 %). The specific antibody (IgG) detection rates against a total of 1,200 test sea from pig slaughter-house were not significant between male (43.1 %) and female (40.7 %). The indirect ELISA was proved to be a sensitive and specific procedure for the serodiagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis and also evaluated as an effective screening test for the large scale of test samples in laboratory

This study was undertaken to establish reliable diagnostic-procedures for the microbiological monitoring of laboratory animals. Murine (mice and rats) antibodies against hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and Mycoplasma pulmonis (Mp) were detected sensitively and specifically in experimentally and naturally infected animals' sera by an indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), using urease conjugated antimurine immunoglobulin. The sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test which has been apllied widely for serodiagnosis of HVJ, MHV and Mp infections were apparently lower than those of ELISA. From these results, the ELISA was found to be available for the serodiagnosis of HVJ, MHV and Mp infections in mice and rats

Morphological features of the vomeronasal organ of both Korean native cattle and Korean native goat were studied by gross, microscopic and histochemical examinations. Anatomical characteristics of the vomeronasal organ were similar in both Korean native cattle and Korean native goats. The vomeronasal organ is a tubular structure situated bilaterally at the base of the nasal septum, and enclosed by hyaline cartilage. Its lumen is semilunar to crescent in transverse sections. It joins with the incisive duct through narrow duct. The lumen of the vomeronasal organ is lined with sensory and respiratory epithelia. The distribution pattern of vomeronasal mucosal epithelia varied by the position. In the anterior portion joining with nasal cavity, the lumen is lined with only respiratory epithelium. In the middle portion, sensory epithelium appeared on the medial side, and respiratory epithelium on the lateral side. In the posterior, it is lined with sensory epithelium on the ventral side and lined with respiratory epithelium on the dorsal side. The vomeronasal gland composed of mucous and serous acini are distributed in the lamina propria under the respiratory epithelium, where venous sinuses are also well developed

The change of plasma prostaglandin E2 level, natural killer cell activity and tumor cell growth were assayed after transplantation of EL-4 leukemia cells in C57BL/6 mice. Plasma prostaglandin E2 level was increased in EL-4 bearing mice, but indomethacin treated mice group showed low level. The tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 inhibited the post-target binding cytolytic process of natural killer activity. Indomethacin inhibited the growth of prostaglandin secreting EL-4 solid tumor

A total of 108 strains of C jejuni isolated from pigs and chickens were examined for the susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents and normal sera of cattle, sheep, guinea pigs and chickens. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges of antimicrobial agents to C jejuni isolates were = 100 micro g/ml for erythromycin, rifamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline, 50 to 100 micro g for cephalothin, = 50 micro g for ampicillin,