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Результаты 411-420 из 446
Enhancing effects of Aloe vera gel extracts on the humoral and cellular immune response and growth performance in broiler chickens
2024
Mohammad Alam Miah | Snigda Akter | Md. Saif Uddin | Khaled Mahmud Sujan | Afrina Mustari | Sharmin Akter
Objective: The experiment evaluated how Aloe vera gel (AVG) extract supplementation affected immune responses and physiological performances in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: 90-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared for 38 days without the addition of antibiotics, either through feed or water. At 10 days, chicks were allocated into three groups: A, B, and C (n = 30). Group A served as non-supplemented control. Groups B and C were administered aqueous extracts of AVG at 1.0% and 2.0%, respectively, with drinking water. Results: The supplementation of AVG potentiated the chicken immune response to Newcastle disease-vaccinated birds and sheep red blood cell-treated birds, which detected the highest antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus and sRBC. The cellular immune response evaluated through a cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity test using phytohemagglutinin-P demonstrated a significant increase in skin thickness in AVG-supplemented birds. The relative sizes of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus) were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) among the groups. Broilers given AVG-1 and AVG-2 exhibited significantly greater (p < 0.01) live body weight, dressing percentages, and serum protein and serum albumin levels. The supplemented groups experienced a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol values, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol remained unchanged. The dietary aqueous extracts of AVG are effective in enhancing innate and specific immunity. Conclusion: This work strengthens the perspective of the use of AVG as an immune stimulant to facilitate recovery from immune suppression states, enhance innate and specific immunity, and improve broiler growth performance. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 40-46]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Optimization of solvent and extraction time on secondary metabolite content of mangosteen leaf (Garcinia mangostana L.) as a feed additive candidate on poultry
2024
Ridho Kurniawan Rusli | Maria Endo Mahata | Ahadiyah Yuniza | Zurmiati Zurmiati | Sepri Reski | Cecep Hidayat | Mustofa Hilmi | Rita Mutia
Objectives: This research aimed to determine the optimum type of solvent and extraction time to produce secondary metabolites (phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidants) from mangosteen leaves (Garcinia mangostana L.) as feed additive candidates for poultry. Materials and Methods: This research used a completely randomized design with a 2 × 5 factorial design with three replications. Factor A used two types of distilled water as a solvent (ordinary distilled water and distilled water heated at 100°C), while Factor B encompassed various extraction times (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 min). The parameters assessed included total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC), and overall antioxidant activity. Results: The TPC, TFC, TTC, and total antioxidant activity all showed a highly significant interaction (p < 0.01) with the type of solvent and extraction duration. Conclusion: The best solvent and time for mangosteen leaf extract to produce secondary metabolites, which can be candidates for feed additives in poultry, is ordinary distilled water for 45 min. In this research, the phenol content was 81.03%, flavonoids 11.07%, tannins 1.01%, and antioxidants 77.61%. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 139-145]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]The effect of different cooking methods on sensory attributes, physicochemical properties, and microbial safety of ostrich meat (Struthio camelus)
2024
Nermeen Makram Louis Malak
Objective: The present work aimed to determine the impact of various cooking methods on sensory attributes, microbial safety, and physicochemical characteristics of ostrich meat to specify the best cooking method that guarantees the microbial safety of the meat as well as maintains nutritional values and is highly attractive to consumers. Materials and Methods: One hundred fresh leg muscles of ostriches were divided into five groups. Different cooking techniques were used for each group, as follows: roasting, boiling, grilling, frying, and microwaving. Each method was examined by evaluating the impact of various cooking methods on sensory attributes, proximate chemical analysis, protein and fat oxidation parameters, microbial load, changes in color, and the shear force of ostrich meat. Results: The oven-roasting and grilling methods are highly recommended and more appealing to consumers since they produce tenderer and juicier meat, cause less cooking loss (CL), and maintain the nutritive value of ostrich meat; however, they have the highest protein and fat oxidation rates. On the other hand, boiling and frying methods revealed good fat oxidation parameters, the highest CL, and preserved nutritional value, but unfortunately, they were not highly preferred by consumers. From a hygienic point of view, grilling and microwave cooking are the methods that ensure the microbiological safety of cooked ostrich meat, as they significantly reduce Enterobacteriaceae and psychrotrophic bacterial counts, among other cooking methods. Conclusion: The oven roasting and grilling methods were the most preferable thermal cooking techniques, as they achieved the highest acceptability to consumers and maintained the nutritive values of ostrich meat. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 194-202]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Maintaining the physical quality and digestibility of pellet feed through the use of plant-based pellet binder
2024
Achmad Jaelani | Tintin Rostini | Muhammad Irwan Zakir | Sugiarti Sugiarti | Rayhana Fitryani
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of the use of binders on the physical quality and digestibility of Alabio ducks (Anas platyrinchos Borneo). Materials and Methods: Pellet binders used tapioca meal (TM) (Manihot utilissima), sago meal (SM) (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), and sweet potato meal (SPM) (Ipomoea batatas) pelleted feed. Laying Alabio ducks, around 120 birds, aged 20 weeks with an average body weight of 1,426 ± 113.5 gm, were used. A fully randomized design with 4 treatments and 15 repeats was used in this study. The variables measured include the physical quality and digestibility of pellet feed. Data analysis used a Fisher test. For the distinction between treatments, the Duncan multiple-range test was conducted. Results: The finding showed that the plant-based pellet binder had a natural effect on physical properties, including pellet durability index, moisture content, threshold power, stack density, and stack compacted density. The strength of the pellet binder is seen in the durability index of TM 98.12%, SM 97.64%, and SPM 97.35%, respectively. However, these variables did not differ significantly in terms of specific gravity and stack angle. Pellet binders considerably affect the consumption of feed and vary markedly in dry matter, organic matter, and metabolizable energy digestibility. Conclusion: Plant-based pellet binders influence the physical quality and digestibility of pelleted feed in Alabio ducks. TM can maintain physical quality and digestibility compared to SM and SPM as plant-based pellet binders. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 93-99]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Typology and characterization of the agricultural productive units in the NE Amazonian region of Ecuador
2024
Armando Vinicio Paredes Peralta | Santiago Alexander Guaman Rivera | María Gabriela Tobar-Ruiz | Marcelo Eduardo Sanchez-Salazar | Pablo Danilo Carrera Oscullo | Leonardo Fabio Medina Ñuste
Objective: Many studies have observed different characteristics among productive systems in the rural territories of Latin America. Therefore, understanding and characterizing them while they function plays an essential role in determining their relationship between development and environment. A study has been conducted in the Orellana province of NE Ecuador to determine their typology and then classify them according to the variables that describe their main traits or attributes using cluster analysis (CA). Materials and Methods: A survey was structured to investigate physical, productive, environmental, as well as socioeconomic character variables, which were subsequently applied to a random sample of the 5,963 agricultural productive units (APUs) through face-to-face contact with producers during an in situ visit to their farms. Result: The CA allowed us to identify three typologies of APUs in the Orellana Province. The first has been Type 1, which is denominated as the most conventional (40%), while Type 2 uses more efficient natural resources but represents an amount of only 9.4%. In contrast, type 3 (50.6%) depends on a significant part of local or national development programs. Conclusion: All groups indicated some peculiarities in common, as there were marked differences in the use and distribution of land as well as production methods among them. Consequently, this pioneering study allowed us to identify different production methods. Therefore, we encourage local and national governments to establish policies for natural resource conservation in such high-diversity zones. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 171-180]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Detection and quantification of heavy metals and minerals in poultry feed collected from selected local markets in Bangladesh
2024
Md. Khirul Islam | Sabbya Sachi | Quazi Forhad Quadir | Mahmudul Hasan Sikder | Muhammad Omar Faruque | Mohammad Alam Miah | Md. Shafiqul Islam | Arif Hossen Sani | Pollab Baishya | Kazi Rafiq
Objective: The study was primarily conducted to assess the stakeholders' knowledge regarding the contamination caused by heavy metals in poultry feedstuffs. The concentration of some heavy metals (lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel) and macro-minerals (sodium, potassium, and calcium) was also analyzed in poultry feeds collected from selected local markets in Sherpur district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A well-structured questionnaire survey was used to investigate different stakeholders' perspectives in relation to metal contamination in feed. Heavy metals and calcium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The flame emission spectrophotometric technique was applied to determine sodium and potassium. Results: The majority of the stakeholders (90%) were found to have no knowledge regarding heavy metal contamination. Lead and nickel concentrations were below the detectable level in the collected samples. The average concentration of chromium in Jhenaigati upazila was four times higher than in Nalitabari upazila, at 21.806 mg kg−1 and 5.452 mg kg−1, respectively. The concentrations of cadmium in both brand and nonbrand samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit set by the European Union at 1.329 mg kg−1 and 1.328 mg kg−1, respectively. Sodium, potassium, and calcium were found in the ranges of 0.0011%–0.0035%, 0.0010%–0.0013%, and 0.0080%–0.0305%, which were extremely low in concentration compared to the minimum requirement in poultry feed. Conclusion: Regular surveillance and governance systems should be incorporated into national policy to cease the hazardous impacts of heavy metals through feed contamination. From a nutritional viewpoint, poultry feeds need to be critically formulated. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 47-54]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Occurrence of mycotoxins in swine feed from South Korea
2024
Wen Jin | Soo-Yeon Park | Yo-Han Kim | Sung-Jae Kim | Jeong-Hee Han
Objectives: To update recent information on contamination levels of mycotoxins in South Korea. Materials and methods: A total of 208 samples sourced from the feeds of swine farms were collected. The contamination levels of mycotoxins, which are aflatoxin (Afla), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin (FUM), and T-2 toxin, were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results: The detection levels of the total samples were 78.91% for DON, 75.24% for Afla, 47.02% for ZEN, 68.31% for FUM, and 5.94% for OTA and T-2, which were not detected at all. Most of the analyzed mycotoxins showed significant high occurrences in 47.02%–78.91% of the swine feed samples. 11 of the 152 alfa-positive samples exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of Afla proposed by the Korean regulation. In the analysis of mycotoxin detection levels by growth stage, ZEN was found in the nursery stage at a remarkably high concentration level (126.46 ± 63.76 ppb), exceeding the MRL of ZEN for piglets proposed by the European Commission. This mycotoxin was also found in the samples from the gestation barn (89.04 ± 46.05 ppb) and the farrowing house (105.58 ± 94.12) at a high concentration level. Afla was found in the nursery stage at a high concentration (8.00 ± 2.22 ppb), approaching the MRL (10 ppb) of Afla proposed by the Korean regulation. Conclusion: These results indicate that many swine farms in South Korea are still exposed to mycotoxin risk, and special attention and surveillance are necessary for these mycotoxin risks in swine farms. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 125-131]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Determination of total phenolics, flavonoids, and testing of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum)
2024
Ucop Haroen | Syafwan Syafwan | Kiki Kurniawan | Agus Budiansyah
Objective: The purpose of this study was to select the active fraction of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (AMC 6934), Bacillus subtilis (AMC 7923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AMC 8973), and Escherichia coli (AMC 5761). Materials and Methods: A total of 2 kg of dry red ginger rhizome powder was macerated in stages with different levels of solvent polarity to extract the chemical composition within the red ginger powder sample. The extraction process begins with a non-polar solvent (n-hexane) by soaking the red ginger powder sample for 3 × 24 h. Results: The red ginger extract fractionated with methanol produced alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and coumarins, while the fractionation using n-hexane produced alkaloids and triterpenoids only. The fractionation with ethyl acetate produced alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and coumarins. The antioxidant activity test was 49.261 mg/l for the ethyl acetate fraction, 146.648 mg/l for the methanol fraction, and 300.865 mg/l for the n-hexane fraction. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction was effectively powerful in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All fractions had moderate antibacterial activity; however, the performance of ethyl acetate in the red ginger extract was better than that of methanol and n-hexane. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 114-124]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Impacts of enzymes and probiotic in improving the utilization of sieved olive pulp meal in growing rabbit diets
2024
Abd-Alfattah A. Alderey | Nabila E.M. El-Kassas | Eman A. Hussein | Soha A. Farag | Ayman A. Hassan | Safaa E.S. Atia | Manal H.A. Gomaa | Eman S. El-Hadad | Salma H. Abu Hafsa
Objective: This research assesses the utilization of sieved olive pulp (SOP) in the diet of growing rabbits through the use of an exogenous enzyme or dry yeast as a pretreatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty-eight male V-Line rabbits aged 5 weeks (weighing 550 ± 25 gm) were randomly divided into seven groups with eight replicates each as follows: the control group was fed a basal diet without supplementation; while the other six groups were fed basal diets containing 20% and 25% of SOP and supplemented with 0.1 gm/kg Econase (E), 0.5 gm/kg dry yeast (Y), and a combination of both. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The results indicated that supplementation of E, Y, and EY into rabbit diets containing SOP improved live body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient digestibil¬ity. A higher dressing percentage was observed in the groups fed a 20% and 25% SOP diet sup¬plemented with EY (p < 0.05). The treated groups showed an increase in total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05), while there was a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and malondi¬aldehyde levels (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Rabbit groups fed an SOP diet supplemented with E, Y, or EY demonstrated higher (p < 0.05) economic efficiency compared to the control. Conclusion: Supplementing the diet of rabbits containing SOP with exogenous enzymes and/or dry yeast enhances the nutritional value of SOP while improving rabbit performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant status. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 161-170]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]The utilization of pineapple hump extracts in complete feeds on the quality of free-board rabbit meat
2024
Galih Ari Wirawan Siregar | Rini Hardiyanti | Uswatun Hasanah | Kennie Cendekia Desnamrina | Ferdy Saputra | Bram Brahmantiyo
Objective: The study aimed to identify the effect of pineapple hump extracts in different doses on increasing the chemical and physical quality of rabbit meat. Materials and Methods: The research stages were carried out with maintenance for two months using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replicates. P0 = complete ration without pineapple hump extract; P1 = complete ration with the addition of 0.2% pine¬apple hump extract; P2 = complete ration with the addition of 0.4% pineapple hump extract; and P3 = complete ration with the addition of 0.6% pineapple hump extract. The variables observed were the chemical quality of meat (pH, moisture, carbohydrate, fat, and protein content in rabbit meat), and the physical quality (water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss). Results: The data were analyzed using SAS, with significantly different results subjected to Duncan's further testing. The addition of 0.4% pineapple hump extract in rabbit complete rations had a very significant effect on the WHC of 71.62%. The addition of 0.6% pineapple hump extract also had a significant effect on the protein content of meat, increasing it by 19.17%. Conclusion: The effects of pineapple hump extract up to 0.6% in a complete diet of weaned rab¬bits have a positive effect on the physical and chemical quality of rabbit meat, especially on the protein and water-holding capacity of rabbit meat. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(2.000): 296-301]
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