Proven scientific technologies related to the Animal Husbandry practices are generally demonstrated in the field for the benefit of the farmers. Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirappalli has conducted three frontline demonstration programmes (FLD) during the year 2015 - 2018. By these programmes, it is observed that farmers get benefitted economically. Twenty farmers were benefitted in the programme conducted in 2015-16 on the "Impact of TANUVAS mineral mixture on the milk yield of dairy cows". Mineral mixture supplementation improved the milk quality and milk quantity. Hence each farmer obtained additional improved returns of Rs.150/month/cow. In the year 2016-17 a programme on "Scientific intervention in to Improve Production Performance of Backyard native chicken" was conducted and four farmers were benefitted. They reported that the scientific technologies like TANUVAS desi chicken feed, deworming and vaccination demonstrated in this programme increased body weight gain, reduced mortality, increased egg production and improved hatchability. Each farmer profited Rs.500/- for 5 birds additionally. Six farmers participated and benefitted in the programmes conducted in 2017­18 on "Azolla pinnata as cattle feed supplement". Supplementation of azolla reduces the cost of production of milk and improves the milk quality. In this study it is observed that there was a reduction in cost of production of about Rs.2.50 / litre of milk Also there was an increase in returns of milk since improved quality of milk

The study was aimed at establishing the embryonic stem cells (ESC) like cell colonies from in-vitro produced buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) compact morula (CM). A total of 33 CM were subjected for zonalysis using pronase and embryonic cells were derived by three different methods viz., T 1: Intact CM; T 2: Disaggregation of CM by gentle pipetting and T3: Slicing of CM using Bard Parker blade. The efficiency of establishment of ESC-like cell colonies in the three groups were 66.7, 83.6 and 6.7 per cent respectively. There were no significant differences on the day of attachment and initiation of primary colony formation between T1 and T2 groups. However, the primary colonies established significantly earlier (Day 3.8) in T2 group than in T1 group (Day 4.8). In both the groups, the primary coloniesspread out vigorously exhibiting rapid proliferation rate. The ESC-like cell colonies of T1 and T2 groups survived upto four passages. Immunostaining of CM, primary and passaged ESC-like cell colonies revealed distribution of Oct-4 protein. The study demonstratedsuccessful establishment of ESC-like cell colonies from pipette dissociated blastomeres of in-vitro produced CM. 

Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) is the most extensively farmed among the crustaceans globally. Disease is the major impeding factor in the commercial culture of P vannamei undertaken in freshwater, brackish and marine aquaculture systems. In this study, P. vannamei samples were collected from a commercial shrimp farm at Tiruvallur district, Tamilnadu that has reported black gill disease. The clinical symptoms observed in the shrimp were melanized black gills, reduced feeding, surfacing and mortality in the early morning. Samples of gills were collected aspectically and diagnosed for bacterial Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND); viral diseases viz., Gill Associated Virus (GAV), White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and fungal infections by conventional diagnostic methods and PCR following confirmation by nucleotide sequencing. The results of the study showed that P. vannamei infected with black gill disease had multiple infections with fungus, Aspergillus niger and virus WSSV.

A Study on the comaprative efficancy of two types of serial collapasible fish traps differning   rear end funnel opening was carried out. With respect to Type-1 trap having rectangular rear end funnel opening and Type-2 trap with elliptical rear end were fabricated. The experiment was carried out in fishing ground one nautical mile off  the coast of mandatam (Lat 09 degree 16.633 'N  long .. 0.79 degree 08.992 ') Feb 2015 to june 2015. significant differnce wasobserved with respect to catch rate of different species caught irrespective of the design of traps (Plt;0.05). The difference in shape of rear funnel opening was found to be responsible for the significant difference in the catch rear funnel opening was about 3 times higher catch rate of Type-1 trap with rectangular rear funnel opening was about three times higher (17.1 Nos/ soaking day) than that of Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear funnel opening (5.9 Nos./ soaking day). The impact of seasonal variation on the catch rate was found to be insignificant (Pgt; 0.05). Though Psammoperca waigensis was found to be the dominant specices in both  types of traps in terms of number, Epinephalus coioides ranked first in term  of weight and price per kilogram in both Type-1 and Type-2 traps. Irrespective of the types of traps tested, the higher catch rate, including all the species caught, and was observed during the month of February which directly increased the overall catch rate during February month. With respect to the behavior of different species caught in relation to the types of traps tested, Sarcocendrum rubrum was recorded only in Type-1 trap which had rectangular shaped rear funnel opening and Muraena sp was recorded only in Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear end of the funnel opening which served like a burrow and hence facilitated the entry of eel. Type -1 trap gave three times higher gross returns than Type-2 trap.

A Seven - month old female Kankrej calf was presented to Large Animal Clinics - Out-Patient - Medicine Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai, with the history of recurrent tympany for two months with scanty dung with a pasty consistency. Onclinical examination of the animal, bilateral distension of the abdomen was noticed. Haematobiochemistry revealed neutrophilia with leucocytosis and significantly elevated Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase values. In radiography, no change in the silhouette of reticulum could be appreciated other than a mild bronchial pattern. Ultrasonography revealed an anechoic encapsulated cavity with echogenic internal spots of the reticular wall. Based on these findings, the calf was diagnosed with an abscess in the reticulum. Accordingly, the abscess was drained and the animal was treated with antibiotics and supportive therapy and the animal recovered uneventfully.

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) or viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an infectious neuropathological disease affecting more than 120 fish species. Although VER affects mainly marine fish , the disease has also been detected in certain species reared in low  saline and freshwater environments. In the present study, a case of betanodavirus associated massive mortality was investigated in juvenile seabass Latescalcarifer, maintained in cage culture facilities in brackishwater pond in Odisha(India).The affected fish showed clinical signs typical of betanodavirus infection around 70 days post hatch (dph), resulting sudden mass mortality in all the cages affecting almost 100% of the population. Histopathology revealed massive necrosis of tubules in kidney and mild vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by betanodavirus.The presence of virus was detected and confirmed by nested RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis of PCR product. Sequencing of the PCR product indicated sequence homology with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus(RGNNV) type.However , the reservoir of the virus leading to the outbreak remains unidentified but suspects the infected fry as source. This is the first report of mortality associated with natural infection of betanodavirus infection in inland cage farming facilities in India.

nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; The pelvic girdle of Chinese goose was a large, elongated bone, narrow cranially (3.0 cm) and wide (8.0 cm) caudally. It consisted of two os coxae, each of which was made up of an ilium, an ischium and a pubis. The ilium of the Chinese goose was the largest and longest (14 cm) bone of the os coxae. The pre-acetabular part of the ilium was 6.80 cm long and 2.0 cm wide. The post-acetabular part of ilium was 7.2 cm long. The ilioneural canal was slightly broad in front and narrow caudally. The pelvic surface of ilium showed six openings on either side of the bodies of the lumbosacral mass. The ischiatic foramen was 3.60 cm long and 1.20 cm wide. The ischium was triangular in shape and 7.50 cm long. The caudal border of the pelvis was wide (7.50 cm) and showed a deep notch. The pubis was long (12.0cm), thin, bent rod-like bone, projected well beyond the caudal border of the os coxae and bent medially. The pectineal process was short and rounded. Pneumatic foramina were absent in the os coxae of the Chinese goose. The acetabulum was large and formed by all the three bones. The anti-trochanter was quadrilateral in shape and prominent.

A study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the utilisation pattern of ICT (Information Communication Technology) among undergraduate veterinary students in southern states of India. Data were collected from 248 final year undergraduate students of 12 veterinary colleges in five southern states of India viz. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka Andhra Pradesh and Telangana through pretested questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the students studied had 3-4 years of experience in using internet and accessed internet through mobile phone (61.29%). One-third (33.06%) of the students used internet 2-3 days in a week for academic activity while, 30.65% used internet every day for personal activity. The study revealed that students used internet mainly for the preparation of assignments (97.58%). The major problems faced by the students in using ICT tools were slow speed of internet (77.82%) and inadequate number of computers (75.81%) in the institutions. It could be concluded that veterinary students had accessed substantial information technology resources and had knowledge towards computer and internet. Provision of structured information technology training for veterinary students would help them to acquire necessary skills to maximise the utilisation of online veterinary resources. nbsp;

Oestrus detection plays an important role in the reproductive management of a dairy farm. To improve the post-breeding oestrus observation practice among the farmers, a reproductive management tool called ‘Oestrus Monitoring Chart’ (OMC) was designed and developed. The effectiveness of this technology on oestrus detection, timed artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis was studied in a small scale crossbred cattle dairy farm. Breeding parameters viz., number of inseminations carried out per animal, duration between two successive inseminations for each animal, duration between artificial insemination and pregnancy check-up and conception rate was studied for a period of one year before (G1) and one year after installation of OMC (G2). Perusal of the data revealed that the duration between successive artificial insemination (AI) and the duration between AI and pregnancy diagnosis was significantly (P lt; 0.01) decreased in G2 group when compared with G1 group. The conception rate was also significantly improved after the installation of the OMC and introduction of OMC as a reproductive management tool improved the oestrus detection attitude among the farm personnel.

Administration of higher dosage of chlorine leads to a concern about proper dosage determination for shrimp hatchery operations. Hence, the dosage application needs to be reworked at the present context. Accordingly a Completely randomized design experiment with 6 treatments (control, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm of active chlorine content) with 3 replications was conducted. The water quality and the bacterial load were monitored once in 3 hours continuously. The salient observations of the study was that the exposure time for residual chlorine to be nil for the tank with chlorination of 10 ppm concentration was 6 hours, for 20 ppm and 30 ppm it was 18 hours and for 40 ppm and 50 ppm it was 21 hours. Also the results shows that bacterial load was nil in all the treatments viz. 10 to 50 ppm. The pH of the water gets increased and then stabilized. It could be concluded from the study that the chlorination is required in shrimp hatcheries. But the optimum dosage is 10 ppm for ensuring better water quality in shrimp hatchery which is very much less when compared to the general dose of upto 30 ppm for other purposes. Another experimental trial with three replications was conducted to ascertain the survival of post larvae of P. monodon from PL5 to PL 20 with the 10 ppm active chlorine. The study showed that survival was high in 10 ppm.