Objective: We aimed at determining the prevalence and characterizing the CaPV, determining the CaPV-PPRV coinfection prevalence and providing data about phylogenetic relationship between the fusion protein of PPRV and P32 gene of CaPV. Materials and methods: A total of 150 samples including animals swabs, tissues and blood were collected from unvaccinated goats in a PPR and/or Capripox outbreaks in South Kivu, Eastern of Democratic Republic of the Congo. Conventional PCR and reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) were used respectively to amplify P32, RPO30, GPCR genes of Capripox virus and Fusion (F) protein of PPRV. Positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results: Out of 150 tested animals, 64.7% (n=97/150) were PPRV positive, 52.7% (n=79/150) were Capripox positive and 38.7% (n=58/150) were positive for both PPRV and CaPV. The pairwise comparison of P32gene of CaPV and F gene of PPRV showed 99.75% of identity percentage among goatpox virus sequences, 96.95% among PPRV sequences and 47.91% between CaPV and PPRV sequences. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated high prevalence of CaP V-PPRV mixed infection in South Kivu. Lumpy skinvirus disease (LSVD) is a lineage circulating which has a genetic relationship between its P32gene and the Fgene of PPRV giving the challenge to differentiate the two diseases at the clinical farm level.

International audience

To investigate effects of storage conditions on the canine urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) and on SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) of urinary proteins. SAMPLE Urine specimens from 20 proteinuric (UPC > 0.5) and 20 nonproteinuric (UPC ≤ 0.2) dogs. UPC and SDS-AGE were performed on urine specimens stored at room temperature (20°C) and 4°C for up to 5 days and at -20° and -80°C for up to 360 days; some specimens were subjected to 3 freeze-thaw cycles. Results were compared with those obtained for fresh urine specimens. UPC was not affected by storage at room temperature or by freezing. A decrease in UPC was observed for specimens from nonproteinuric dogs after 5 days at 4°C (10%) and from both groups after 90 days at -20° and -80°C (≤ 20% and ≤ 15%, respectively). The SDS-AGE profiles revealed no visual changes regardless of duration of storage for specimens stored at room temperature, 4°C, and -80°C, except for 1 profile after 360 days at -80°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles did not affect SDS-AGE profiles. Appearance or strengthening of high-molecular-weight bands that could alter interpretation was evident in SDS-AGE profiles after storage at -20°C for ≥ 15 days (31/40 dogs). Storage of urine at -20° or -80°C for up to 1 year influenced the UPC without affecting clinical interpretation. Storage of urine specimens at -20°C impaired visual analysis of SDS-AGE. When SDS-AGE cannot be performed on fresh or recently refrigerated urine specimens, storage at -80°C is recommended.

peer reviewed

Meat sheep production in most countries relies on grazing and profitability (gross margin per ewe and per year) is low. Profitability is in part based on the level of numeric productivity (number of lambs produced per ewe and per year). Numeric productivity depends on fecundity and survival rates of ewes and lambs. These survival rates are extremely variable from one farm to another. These variations are detrimental to sustainability of the farms. We will study the mortality rates of ewes and lambs and other health related traits, taken as indicator in meat sheep farms in different locations-plain or semi-mountain areas (34 farms) in relation to gross margin taken as an indicator of economical sustainability as well as other markers of sustainability. We constructed a method for evaluating sustainability based on the above mentioned parameters in the field of production, animal health, and economics. It was based on two step procedure: first, selection of farm parameters using clustering methods, second ranking farms on sustainability using principal component analysis with an orientation obtained by the incorporation in the analysis of two virtual farms (high and low sustainability) constructed on a choice of sustainability for each parameter. This choice of sustainability is flexible and dependant on the views of stakeholders and may modify the ranking of farms. The scale of sustainability we proposed was tested in relation to the management of the farm (organic or conventional) and location (plain or semi-mountain areas): the semi-mountain farms were more sustainable than plain farms and organic farms were often, but not always, more sustainable than conventional farms. The method can be easily applied to any animal production.

Foi investigada a influência dos fatores etários e sexuais sobre o hemograma de ovinos sadios da raça Santa Inês, criados na região de Piedade, no Estado de São Paulo. O hematócrito e o número de hemácias apresentaram maiores valores nas fêmeas mais jovens e houve um decréscimo gradual durante o desenvolvimento etário dos animais. Em contraposição, o número total de leucócitos foi menor nos animais mais jovens e apresentou elevação gradual com a evolução da idade dos animais. | Influence of age and sex factors on blood count was investigated in healthy sheep of the Santa Ines breed, raised in the region of Piedade (São Paulo State). The hematocrit and red blood cell count presented higher values in younger females, and a gradual decrease occurred during animals’ ageing. In contrast, the total number of leukocytes was lower in younger animals and showed a gradual increase with their ageing.

Macacos-prego (Sapajus sp), inesperadamente, compartilham com chimpanzés comportamentos como alta cognição e memória, uso de ferramentas com o bipedalismo intermitente, tolerância social. No entanto, sua anatomia ainda é pouco estudada. Para verificar a hipótese com qual espécie e/ou grupo de primatas os macacos-prego compartilham mais características, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os nervos pélvicos do Sapajus e compará-los com dados da literatura anatômica sobre os seres humanos, chimpanzés e babuínos, considerando aspectos como origem, trajetória e estruturas inervadas. Foi observado que existem grandes variações nos nervos pélvicos entre os primatas estudados aqui, quais sejam, 1) o problema da posição anatômica, i.e., alguns primatologistas consideram a posição anatômica humana para os primatas, outros consideram a posição anatômica animal, e a opção por um ou outro não é clara nos textos; 2) o problema dos membros pélvicos em primatas não humanos serem lateralizados e semi-fletidos em relação aos seres humanos modernos; 3) o problema da ausência, nos seres humanos modernos, de alguns músculos da coxa em relação aos outros primatas como o escansório e o iliosquiofemoral; e 4] o problema da diferença do número de vértebras nos primatas estudados aqui, inclusive com diferenças para a mesma espécie citadas por diferentes autores tanto para chimpanzés como para macacos-prego. | Bearded capuchins (Sapajus sp), unexpectedly, share with chimpanzees behavioral features such as high cognitive ability, good memory, tool use with intermittent bipedalism, and social tolerance; although its anatomy is still little studied. To test the hypothesis that bearded capuchins might share similar anatomical features with chimpanzees, we investigated the pelvic nerves of the bearded capuchin and compared them with the data in the previous literature for modern humans, chimpanzee, and baboons in terms of origin, trajectory and innervated structures, when the data are available. Variation is very common in the primates because of, inter alia, 1) the problem of the anatomical position, i.e., some primatologists used the human anatomical position to describe those in non-human primates, while others used the non-human anatomical position, and the definition of anatomical position (human or non-human position) is not clear; 2) the lateralized and semi-bend pelvis limbs in non-humans primates compared with modern humans; 3) the absence of the some muscles (e.g., scansorius and ilioschiofemoralis) in modern humans in the thigh; and 4) the difference in the numbers of vertebrae among the authors, even in the same species, such as chimpanzees and bearded capuchins.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incidência vacas repetidoras (VR) leiteiras mestiças submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e protocolos de sincronização de estro. Dados de 371 novilhas e 997 vacas leiteiras mestiças foram analisados. Vacas com mais de 30 dias pós-parto, boa condição uterina, sem mastite clínica e com escore corporal ≥ 2,5 foram utilizadas. As vacas foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo: grupo 1: IATF – vacas sem corpo lúteo no exame ultrassonográfico e que foram submetidas ao protocolo de IATF, e grupo 2: sincronização de cio – aquelas vacas com corpo lúteo presente. A incidência de VR e seus fatores foram analisados por regressão logística pelo SAS. A incidência de VR foi maior em vacas em lactação em relação às fêmeas não-lactantes (P < 0,001). Ainda, uma tendência de um maior número de VR foi observada naquelas que pariram na primavera/verão quando comparadas às paridas no outono/inverno. O tipo de parto (normal vs. não normal) não influenciou na incidência de VR (P > 0,001), no entanto, foi detectado efeito do número de partos (P > 0.01). Dessa forma, nas categorias animais avaliadas, a incidência de VR foi maior em vacas leiteiras mestiças do que em novilhas. Uma tendência de VR foi observada naquelas que pariram na primavera/verão quando comparadas aquelas que pariram no outono/inverno, ainda a incidência de VR foi maior naquelas de segunda parição quando comparadas as de primeira, terceira ou quarta, ao passo que o tipo de parto (normal vs. não normal) não influenciou sobre a incidência de VR. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of repeat breeder (RB) in crossbred dairy cows submitted to a timed artificial insemination (TAI) and estrous synchronization protocols. Data from 371 heifers and 997 lactating crossbred dairy cows were analyzed. Cows with more than 30 DPP with good uterine condition, no lameness or clinical mastitis, and body condition score ≥ 2.5 were used. The cows were divided between two groups, as: group 1: TAI – those cows with no CL at ultrasound exam that were enrolled in a TAI protocol and group 2: estrous synchronization – all those cows that had CL. The incidences of RB and factors relative to it were analyzed by logistic regression in SAS. The incidence of RB condition was higher in lactating cows than non-lactating heifers (P < 0.001). There was a tendency of RB condition to higher in cows that calved during spring/summer than those calved at autumn/winter season. The parturition condition had no effect on RB incidence (P > 0.001); however, lactation degree influenced the incidence of RB (P <0.001). Repeat breeder condition was greater in lactating crossbred dairy cows than in heifers. Moreover, the presence of RB cows was higher in those from second parity group when compared to those from first, third and four parity groups; on the other hand, parturition condition did not influence the appearance of RB cows in the herd.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes. | The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches – the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery – are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present.