Yersiniosis, caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is recognized as one of the most significant diseases affecting cold-water and sturgeon fish in aquaculture. Vaccination has emerged as the most cost-effective and sustainable method for controlling infectious diseases in fish. This study investigated the effects of a bath vaccine against yersiniosis on certain biochemical parameters in the serum of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). For this purpose, 400 to 500 juvenile fish with an average weight of approximately 10 gr were divided into 14 tanks and raised for 10 to 14 days to acclimatize to environmental conditions. The treatments included: A single bath vaccination with anti-yersiniosis vaccine (with Brand name: Antiyersin) for 10 gr fish, two-stage bath vaccination against yersiniosis for 10 gr fish. two-stage hyperosmotic bath vaccination against yersiniosis (antiyersin) for 10 gr fish. Single injection vaccination against yersiniosis for 10 gr fish and a control group of unvaccinated fish. The impact of the vaccine on the biochemical factors in the blood of beluga sturgeon was also evaluated. The results indicated that in the vaccinated treatments, biochemical blood indices such as glucose, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides, calcium, creatinine, and albumin were measured. The findings from this study demonstrated that the vaccine had a better effect on the health of beluga sturgeon weighing between 10 to 15 gr, with significant differences observed in glucose, uric nitrogen, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and calcium levels between the vaccinated groups and the control group. However, there was no significant effect on total protein, creatinine levels, and the gene expression of dismutase among the vaccinated groups compared to the control group.

This work was conceived as a contribution to the study of the cytotoxicity of different ‌concentrations of cerium ‌oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs≥25nm, nanoceria) (10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 ‌‌µg/ml) against two cell lines involves breast epithelial HBL-100 and Rat’s Embryonic Fibroblast ‌‌(REF) in vitro, by using MTT assay technique. The results showed that the nanoceria reduced ‌significantly the cell viability of HBL-100 at all concentrations compared with the control, except ‌the concentration 60 µg/ml that reduced the cell viability without significant differences compared ‌with control, the IC50 value of the nanoceria for the HBL-100 was 81.00 µg/mL. While, the cell ‌viability of REF was reduced with high significant difference by all nanoceria’s concentrations ‌compared with control, and the IC50 value of the nanoceria was 1.56 µg/mL. So, we ‌may conclude ‌that nanoceria with the >25nm particle size have high cytotoxicity for REF cell line at low and ‌high concentration compared with the HBL-100 cell viability that decreased exponentially with ‌the concentration. ‌

The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host's innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of the host Other probiotic administration has a larger impact on body immunity and increases anti-inflammatory cells and polarize the immune response towards the body immunity.In this study, we examine how regular administration of probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus clause) to Lab mice will impact the innate immune response, including the total number of lymphoid cells on physiological parameters, and blood biochemical levels, and how these factors affect the potential outcome of experiments. Sixty female mice were used in this study seven days with a probiotics combination including Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus clause ( 100 ul oral gavage ) blood samples were collected to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters the data revealed that there were no significant differences in the Hb and RBC values, however, the WBC count in peripheral blood and local lymph nodes of animals increased significantly after 7 days of treatment. Also, there is a significant change in ILC3 probiotic administration In the case of biochemical parameters of blood including ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea. These results revealed that there were no significant changes in these parameters in all experimental periods. the regular treatment of probiotics is one of the most important elements that may affect the general immune conditions of lab mice especially the WBCs and the innate immune responses.

This study aimed to assess the contamination of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio, a commonly consumed fish species, and evaluate the potential health risks for humans. The research analysed metal concentrations in different parts of the fish over several months, across various locations: Sirwan station, Darbandikhan dam, and Tanjaro River. The focus was on the dorsal part (below the dorsal fin) and the caudal region (caudal peduncle) of the fish from August 2021 to January 2022. Six heavy metals were investigated: Co, Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb, using an ICP-OES (Spectro acros) multi-element system. The results revealed that metal concentrations were generally low in the dorsal flesh, with Hg often below the detection limit, especially in August, September, and October. Elevated Hg levels were detected only in November and January, likely due to minimal regional contamination, seasonal variations, and low bioaccumulation in carp. Cd levels were significantly higher in the dorsal part during August, September, and October. In August, Cd was elevated only in the caudal part. Pb was detected in August, September, and October, while Cu levels were significantly elevated in November across both flesh sections, with the highest concentrations observed in the Sirwan River. Co levels were elevated in October in both portions. Cr was undetectable across all months and locations. The study indicates varying heavy metal concentrations in Cyprinus carpio across different locations and months, with Cu being the highest in Sirwan River and Hg mostly undetectable.

Lactuca serriole. L. is commonly used traditionally as medicine for the therapeutical purposes of different conditions, including digestive, respiratory, and other conditions regardless of its neurotoxicity. Therefore, the study was undertaken to estimate the effect of the alcoholic extract Lactuca serriola. L. on brain and behavior. Thirty male rats were used. The rodents were divided into five groups: the first group without treatment; the second, third, fourth, and fifth group received dosages of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg b. w. of Lactuca extract via oral administration, respectively for fourteen days. The record of behavioral data was started after allowing the rats to explore freely for 10 minutes. To collect the data, the scan sampling method was used at one-minute intervals for twenty-eight hours in fourteen consecutive days, morning one hour and evening one hour. The effect of time on the behaviors was also evaluated. Results revealed that the dosages of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b. w. decreased running (walking) and climbing behaviors, on the other hand, improved rearing, paws licking, and grooming behaviors which indicates reduced stress in the rats. The dose of 800 mg/kg b. w. increased immobility and immobile sniffing, which affected the mood and central nervous system of the rats, especially the brain. Time also affected on behavioral components of all groups especially group 5. The study results suggest the range of phenolic dosages (100-400 mg per kg body weight) of Lactuca are harmless to use in animals experimentally without any toxicity and behavioral changes.

The main purpose of this study was to survey on achieving recombinant DNA vaccine (live delivery) against Streptococcusis for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Immunization. Initially, a total of 515 samples were collected from the head kidney of diseased fish (weighing 50_200g) in 72 farms in 8 provinces. Approximately, 40% (206 samples) of specimens were infected with Streptococcus species. Then isolated 172 DNA samples were and consequently, five pathogenic species have been identified, including Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalatiae, and Streptococcus uberis. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has recently been discovered to play an important role in polysaccharide capsule production and virulence in S. iniae. Therefore, S. iniae was initially isolated S. iniae and cloned the phosphoglucomutase gene. Then, the PGM gene was amplified successfully and cloned in the pTZ57R cloning vector. The recombinant plasmid was subcloned into the pETD uet-l expression vector by restriction enzymes and confirmed by PCR. Meanwhile, for amplifying simA and cpsD genes were used universal primers pNZ8148 and special for simA and cpsD genes. The recombinant bacteria Lactococcus lactis (NZ9000) was used to transform the plasmid into L. lactis. Vaccination was performed by bath and injection (peritoneal) methods. The efficiency of g2 was better than g1in these two methods and in all of the groups. The detection of anti S. iniae antibody and determination of IgM level was carried out by using ELISA. The results revealed that there was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the level of IgM in both two methods and experiment groups compared to the control group. The results of the challenge of vaccinating fish with S. iniae showed that fish RPS in all groups were more than 50 percent while in the control group was 21.43 percent. The highest fish RPS belonged to group 5(61.25 percent) and statistical analyses revealed a significant (p<0.05) difference between fish vaccinated RPS, compared to the control group.

Temperature significantly influences the distribution and survival of bivalve populations, with elevated temperatures resulting in increased mortality rates. Research indicates that temperature fluctuations can markedly affect bivalve immune responses, including gene expression, hemocyte concentrations, and overall immunocompetence. Higher temperatures impair immune functions, leading to decreased phagocytic activity, compromised immune parameters, and disrupted metabolic processes, which collectively contribute to increased mortality. Understanding the relationship between temperature stress and bivalve survival is crucial for effective population management and for developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts on bivalve populations in changing ecosystems.

In recent years mammary gland neoplasm has been recognized in pet and laboratory rabbits. The present study describes the concurrence of two malignant mammary gland neoplasms in a six-year-old intact female domestic rabbit. On clinical examination, the masses were observed in the left inguinal and right thoracic mammary glands. Based on owner information, the inguinal mammary gland mass within the previous 3-month period, and the thoracic mammary gland mass within the previous 6-month period, had become evident. Finally, complete surgical removal of the masses was selected. Tissue samples of the masses were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained with H&E. In addition, immunohistochemical studies on masses sections were performed using primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. Microscopically, the left mass was diagnosed as solid carcinoma, and the right mass was diagnosed as intraductal papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positive cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells in both of masses with primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. The best treatment option for mammary masses in pet rabbits is surgical excision, that is performed under general anesthesia. In this case, no new growth of the masses was observed 4 months following surgical procedures.

Canine transmissible venereal tumor also known as transmissible venereal tumor, contagious venereal tumor, transmissible lymphosarcoma, transmissible venereal sarcoma and infectious granuloma. This tumor commonly affects the external genitalia in dogs of both sexes but More incidences in females are occurring as compared to males. The clinical signs of the genital system include serosanguineous vaginal discharge, cutaneous discharge, protrusion of neoplastic lesions, intermittent or continuous skin lesions, swelling of the genital area, excessive licking of the genital region and pain. The tumor initially is small and its color varies from pink to red, subsequently transforming into a large, ulcerated and infected mass. Over time, the volume of the tumor increases and the lesions develop into fragile, hyperemic, bleeding, multilobular and cauliflower resembling masses. A Sarabi bitch, 18 months old, was referred to the hospital of faculty of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz, suffering from serosanguineous vaginal discharge for the past three months. During examinations, the size of the vagina was normal and the discharge was observed to be red in color. CBC and biochemistry tests indicated a decrease in red blood cells and hematocrit level, along with an increase in fibrinogen. In the vaginal cytology sample, red blood cells, large and small intermediate cells and TVT round cells were observed. After multiple assessments, a diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was confirmed. However, due to the owner’s lack of follow up, treatment was not completed.

Although sabiyal wetland is supposed to sieve pollutants carried by the lake, growing human activity has caused it to deteriorate and shrink in size, reducing its ability to do so and allowing waste to flow into the lake. This makes evaluating the effects of wastewater in that lake urgently necessary. Since little is known about the use of serum and haematological assays to assess fish health in relation to heavy metals, this study is essential. This study aims to evaluate African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) blood profiles and heavy metal concentrations in Sabiyal Lake, Aliero, Nigeria. The study was conducted in Kebbi State's Aliero Local Government Area, specifically at Sabiyal Lake. For this investigation, five percent (5%) of the C. gariepinus that were caught were used. Samples of blood, gills, and bone were obtained using conventional techniques. Heavy metal analysis was done on all samples, while haematological, plasma, and serum analyses were done on the blood samples. The findings indicated that there was a huge variation in the haematological variables during the course of the research periods (p<0.05). Decreased plasma biochemistry (p<0.05) and different enzymes (p<0.05). The blood, gills, and bone of fish collected from Sabiyal Lake showed varying levels of heavy metal contamination. Fish collected in October had the highest concentration of lead, copper, zinc, cadmium, and iron, while fish recorded in December had the lowest concentration.  The investigation found that the high concentration of heavy metals had an impact on the fish from Sabiyal Lake's haematology, biochemistry, and blood enzymes. Therefore, more study should be done to monitor and control the fish and water in Sabiyal Lake.