Many times,snakes suffer from multiple injuries as they are frequently exposed to uneven things while crawling on the ground. Surgery is needed in many of these circumstances to minimize the disfiguring effect. The present case report presents a spectacled cobra (Naja naja) found injured at a construction site with severe abdominal evisceration and its successful surgical management. The surgical procedure involved repositioning of the protruded organs, clotting musculature and skin in appropriate ways, and post-operative supportive care to prevent infection. This case highlights the importance of timely intervention and appropriate techniques in treating traumatic injuries in snakes.

Rational drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on knowledge of the biological target. Drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bimolecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it. In the experiment based approach, drugs are discovered through trial and error. With high R&D cost and consumption, computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions and reduce time and cost. Scientists can predict whether the molecule will succeed or fail in the market. Currently, the process of drug designing increasingly relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. In computational drug discovery, different computational tools, methods, and software are used to simulate drug receptor interactions. Using computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions with less time and cost.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of enterotoxigenic B. cereus from 200 samples including 100 raw milk, 50pasteurized milk and 50 ice cream samples sold in Puducherry. The results revealed that 68 samples (34 %) belonged to B. cereus group which included 36 from raw milk (36%), 9 from pasteurized milk (18%) and 23 from ice cream samples (46 %). On PCR analysis, 64 out of 68 isolates showed the presence of gyrB gene which differentiates B. cereus from B. cereus group isolates. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of four enterotoxigenic genes hblA, nheA, cytK and entF Min 32.35 %, 77.94 %>, 54.41 % and 94.12% of the 64 isolates. On biofilm production assay, out of 64 enterotoxigenic B. cereus isolates, 60 (93.75 %) isolates showed the ability to form biofilm in which 13 (20.31 %) were strong, 21 (32.81 %) were moderate and26 (40.63 %) were weak biofilm producers. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The current study directs the need for proper hygienic measures during collection, production, processing and storage of milk to reduce the contamination level. It also indicates the need for surveillance and action to reduce the contamination of enterotoxigenic B. cereus in milk and milk products in Puducherry.

Gymnema sylvestre, Annona muricata and Ocimum sanctum are well known plants available in India and they are commonly used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. A study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic effect of a polyherbal extract containing these plants (at two different doses of300 and 600 mg/kg bwt) compared with metformin as a standard hypoglycemic drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg bwt in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. As a part of the study, the effect of the polyherbal extract on the renal and hepatic functions was tested in rats. The serum parameters both ALT and AST values in rats were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic rats treated with polyherbal extract at 300 mg/kg bwt when compared to Groups I, II and III. BUN values were significantly higher in diabetic and metformin treated groups. Creatinine did not differ significantly among different groups. In conclusion, in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, the polyherbal extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg bwt had no hepatoprotective action. But the same doses had some renal protective function.

In India, small and marginal farmers, comprising 85% of the farming community, are pivotal to the rural economy. Addressing the rising demands amidst agricultural resource scarcity requires a holistic approach like Integrated Farming System (IFS). This method combines crop production, livestock, fishery, waste management, and poultry production synergistically. IFS boosts productivity, utilizes resources efficiently, and enhances food production, stabilizing income and ensuring nutritional security. A study in Karaikal district, Union Territory of Puducherry, which was an agricultural land and the entire farm revealed a benefit­cost ratio of 1.75, demonstrating IFS's potential in overcoming population growth and resource challenges.

A one year old, female, Persian cat, weighing about 4kg was presented to Veterinary College Hospital, Hassan with a history of swollen upper lip and presence of ulcers since one week. The cat was not showing any signs of pruritus and was taking food normally. Physical examination revealed swollen upper lip. Impression smear of ulcerative lesion revealed presence of predominant number of eosinophils, ruptured eosinophils leaving naked nuclei, eosinophilic granules in background and infiltration of neutrophils in some areas. Based on history, clinical signs and cytology, the case was diagnosed as eosinophilic ulcer (indolent ulcer). The animal was managed successfully with glucocorticoids and antibiotics.  

Cervico-vaginal prolapse is a common complication in pluriparous cows and buffaloes due to relaxation of pelvic ligaments in mid to late gestation. Successful management of mishandled cases of post-partum vagino-cervical prolapse by quacks is reported in the present study.

Vaginal hyperplasia is a common reproductive disorder in intact female dogs, primarily occurring during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle due to elevated estrogen levels. This case report describes the successful surgical management of Type III vaginal hyperplasia in a nulliparous, one-year-eight-month- old Labrador Retriever, kept for breeding purposes. The dog was presented with a protruding vaginal mass and stranguria for 12 days. Clinical examination revealed a hyperemic, edematous, and ulcerated doughnut-shaped mass protruding from the vulvar rim. Hematological findings showed a mild leukocytosis, and vaginal cytology confirmed the late estrus stage. Given the need to preserve reproductive function, radical excision of the prolapsed vaginal mass was performed under general anesthesia, avoiding ovariohysterectomy. Postoperative care included antibiotic and analgesic therapy, wound management, and the use of an elizabethan collar. The patient exhibited an uneventful recovery, with normal urination restored the day after surgery. Histopathological examination confirmed vaginal hyperplasia without evidence of malignancy. The dog successfully conceived following estrus 25 weeks post-surgery, demonstrating the efficacy of surgical excision in maintaining reproductive potential. This case emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment strategies in breeding animals, ensuring both reproductive preservation and clinical resolution of vaginal hyperplasia.

Free-range peafowls are commonly affected with mixed parasitic infections, which need to be diagnosed and treated for maintaining the eco-biological balance. The present paper investigated the ecto and endo parasitic infections in peafowls (Pavo cristatus) from various parts of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Twelve peafowls of different age and sex were brought with different clinical signs during 2022-24. Faecal samples revealed the presence of eggs of helminths Ascaridia sp., Capillaria sp., Hymenolepis sp., gravid segments of Raillietina cesticillus and protozoal infection with Eimeria pavonina and E.mayurai. The ectoparasites from various body surface were identified as Colphocephalum tausi, Goniodespavonis, Menacanthus sp., Menopon sp., lice and adult and nymphal stages of Haemaphysalis sp., tick.

Synbiotics are synergistic combinations of prebiotics and probiotics. This study was aimed to design synbiotic in vitro and validate them in broiler chickens upon in vivo delivery. Based on the in vitro assays and extracellular assays for estimation of the antioxidant potential, a scoring system was evaluated to screen the probiotic isolated with maximum antioxidant potential.  A consortium of probiotic bacteria was formulated based on the scoring system that comprised E. hirae-2, E. faecium-2, E. fecalis-1, E. durans, and P. acidilactici. The probiotic inoculum was scaled up in a fifty-liter pilot scale fermenter supplemented with MRS broth under optimum growth conditions. The product was then spray-dried in a low-temperature spray drier. The lyophilized product was stored at room temperature for further use. Two hundred and forty day sold broiler chicks (Vencobb) were randomly allotted to one of five treatments (prebiotic alone, probiotic alone, symbiotic, and commercial probiotic and control treatments) on the basis of body weight in a randomized complete block design. Dietary supplementation of probiotics significantly enhanced growth performance by improving body weight gain, performance index, and protein efficiency ratio. Growth performance and nutrient retention of the Lactiflora-supplemented group was significantly better than that of the control and Provisacc-supplemented group but comparable to the combination group. It was concluded that combined supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation at the rate of 0.05% each is beneficial in improving body weight gain, growth performance, nutrient utilization, and immune response of broiler chicken.