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The genetic variability of small-ruminant lentiviruses and its impact on tropism, the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines and the effectiveness of control programmes Полный текст
2023
Olech Monika
Maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are two closely related lentiviruses which cause multisystemic, progressive and persistent infection in goats and sheep. Because these viruses frequently cross the species barrier, they are considered to be one genetic group called small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). They have in vivo tropism mainly for monocytes and macrophages and organ tropism with unknown mechanisms. Typical clinical signs are pneumonia in sheep, arthritis in goats, and mastitis in both species. Infection with SRLV cannot currently be treated or prevented, and control programmes are the only approaches to avoiding its spread. These programmes rely mainly on annual serological testing and elimination of positive animals. However, the high genetic and antigenic variability of SRLV complicate their early and definitive diagnosis. The objective of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of SRLV genetic variation and its implications for tropism, the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines and the effectiveness of control and eradication programmes.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Immunoreactivity of p21, MMP-1 and CB2 receptor proteins in cutaneous canine mast cell tumours: an association with the three-tier grading system Полный текст
2023
Bulak Kamila | Kycko Anna | Śmiech Anna | Łopuszyński Wojciech
Mast cell tumours (MCTs) arise in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues in animals and humans and are one of the most common neoplasms of the skin in dogs. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) are potential targets for novel anti-tumour therapeutic strategies. This study evaluated by immunohistochemical means the reactivity of p21, MMP-1 and CB2R proteins in association with a three-tier grading system in cutaneous canine MCTs.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]New insight on chlamydiae Полный текст
2023
Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Zaręba-Marchewka Kinga | Niemczuk Krzysztof
This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on chlamydiae, which are intracellular bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiaceae family. Whole-genome sequencing leads to great increases in the available data about Chlamydia spp. Recently, novel chlamydial taxons in various hosts living in different environments have been recognised. New species and taxons with Candidatus status have been recorded mainly in birds and reptiles. Chlamydia gallinacea is an emerging infectious agent in poultry with indirectly confirmed zoonotic potential. Recently, a new group of avian C. abortus strains with worldwide distribution in various wild bird families has been described. The definition of C. abortus species became outdated with the discovery of these strains and has been amended. It now includes two subgroups, mammalian and avian, the latter including all isolates hitherto referred to as atypical C. psittaci or C. psittaci/C. abortus intermediates.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Why does Listeria monocytogenes survive in food and food-production environments? Полный текст
2023
Osek Jacek | Wieczorek Kinga
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most dangerous food-borne pathogens and is responsible for human listeriosis, a severe disease with a high mortality rate, especially among the elderly, pregnant women and newborns. Therefore, this bacterium has an important impact on food safety and public health. It is able to survive and even grow in a temperature range from -0.4°C to 45°C, a broad pH range from 4.6 to 9.5 and at a relatively low water activity (aW < 0.90), and tolerates salt content up to 20%. It is also resistant to ultraviolet light, biocides and heavy metals and forms biofilm structures on a variety of surfaces in food-production environments. These features make it difficult to remove and allow it to persist for a long time, increasing the risk of contamination of food-production facilities and ultimately of food. In the present review, the key mechanisms of the pathogen’s survival and stress adaptation have been presented. This information may grant better understanding of bacterial adaptation to food environmental conditions.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Enterovirus E infects bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Implications for pathogenesis? Полный текст
2023
Małaczewska Joanna | Wróbel Małgorzata | Kaczorek-Łukowska Edyta | Rękawek Wojciech
Enterovirus E (EV-E) is a common viral pathogen endemic in cattle worldwide. Little is known, however, about its potential interactions with bovine immune cells.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Assessment of tuberculosis biomarkers in paratuberculosis-infected cattle Полный текст
2023
Klepp Laura I. | Colombatti María A. | Moyano Roberto D. | Romano María I. | Malovrh Tadej | Ocepek Matjaž | Blanco Federico C. | Bigi Fabiana
Assessment of tuberculosis biomarkers in paratuberculosis-infected cattle Полный текст
2023
Klepp Laura I. | Colombatti María A. | Moyano Roberto D. | Romano María I. | Malovrh Tadej | Ocepek Matjaž | Blanco Federico C. | Bigi Fabiana
Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, respectively the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and bovine paratuberculosis (PTB), share a high number of antigenic proteins. This characteristics makes the differential diagnosis of the diseases difficult. The interferon gamma (IFN-γ), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), interleukin 22 (IL-22) and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) bovine genes have already been shown to be accurate transcriptional biomarkers of bTB. In order to improve the diagnosis of bTB and PTB, in the present study we evaluated the risk of false positivity of these bTB biomarkers in cattle with PTB.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Assessment of tuberculosis biomarkers in paratuberculosis-infected cattle Полный текст
2023
Klepp, Laura Ines | Colombatti Olivieri, Maria Alejandra | Moyano, Roberto Damian | Romano, Maria Isabel | Malovrh, Tadej | Ocepek, Matjaž | Blanco, Federico Carlos | Bigi, Fabiana
Introduction: Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, respectively the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and bovine paratuberculosis (PTB), share a high number of antigenic proteins. This characteristics makes the differential diagnosis of the diseases difficult. The interferon gamma (IFN-γ), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), interleukin 22 (IL-22) and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) bovine genes have already been shown to be accurate transcriptional biomarkers of bTB. In order to improve the diagnosis of bTB and PTB, in the present study we evaluated the risk of false positivity of these bTB biomarkers in cattle with PTB. Material and methods: The transcription of these genes was studied in 13 PTB-infected cattle, using Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results: Overall, the levels of IFN-γ, CXCL10, MMP9 and IL-22 transcripts in MAP-stimulated PBMC failed to differentiate animals with PTB from healthy animals. However, as bTB-afflicted cattle do, the MAP-infected group also displayed a lower level of THBS1 transcription than the non-infected animals. Conclusion: The results of this study add new specificity attributes to the levels of transcription of IFN-γ, CXCL10, MMP9 and IL-22 as biomarkers for bTB. | Instituto de Biotecnología | Fil: Klepp, Laura Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); Argentina | Fil: Klepp, Laura Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina | Fil: Colombatti Olivieri, Maria Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina | Fil: Colombatti Olivieri, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina | Fil: Moyano, Roberto Damian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina | Fil: Moyano, Roberto Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina | Fil: Romano, Maria Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina | Fil: Romano, Maria Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina | Fil: Malovrh, Tadej. University of Ljubljana. Veterinary Faculty. Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology; Eslovenia | Fil: Ocepek, Matjaž. University of Ljubljana. Veterinary Faculty. Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology; Eslovenia | Fil: Blanco, Federico Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); Argentina | Fil: Blanco, Federico Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina | Fil: Bigi, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); Argentina | Fil: Bigi, Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Multidrug resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep - can it be overcome? Полный текст
2023
Babják Michal | Königová Alžbeta | Komáromyová Michaela | Kuzmina Tetiana | Nosal Pawel | Várady Marián
Multidrug resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep - can it be overcome? Полный текст
2023
Babják Michal | Königová Alžbeta | Komáromyová Michaela | Kuzmina Tetiana | Nosal Pawel | Várady Marián
Gastrointestinal nematodes pose a threat to animal health and affect farmers by negatively impacting farm management.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Multidrug resistance in in sheep - can it be overcome? Полный текст
Michal Babják | Alžbeta Königová | Michaela Komáromyová | Tetiana Kuzmina | Paweł Nosal | Marián Várady
Introduction: Gastrointestinal nematodes pose a threat to animal health and affect farmers by negatively impacting farm management. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on a sheep farm with suspected reductions in the efficacies of anthelmintics. Efficacy was determined using in vivo faecal egg count reduction, in vitro egg hatch (EHT) and larval development (LDT) tests. In the first phase, 60 sheep were equally split into six groups. Group 1 received the recommended dose of albendazole (ALB), group 2 received the same after fasting for 24 h, group 3 received the dose divided into two halves at 6 h intervals, group 4 received a double dose of ALB, and group 5 received the recommended dose of ivermectin (IVM). Group 6 served as a control. The second phase of the experiment had two groups: one treated with levamisole (LEV) and a control group. Faecal samples were collected from all sheep. Results: No reduction of egg output was observed in the groups treated with single, double, or divided doses of ALB, but one of 13.7–16.9% was noted in the fasting group. Efficacy in the IVM group ranged from 31.50 to 39.97%. The mean concentrations sufficient to prevent 50% of the eggs from hatching in the in vitro EHT and the mean concentrations in which the development of larvae to the L3 stage was inhibited by 50% in the LDT exceeded established thresholds for benzimidazoles and IVM. Haemonchus contortus was the only species identified after treatment. The LDT did not indicate the presence of resistance to LEV. All animals treated with LEV were negative for eggs 10 d after treatment. Conclusion: Resistance to ALB and IVM in Haemonchus contortus was confirmed. Alternative approaches to improve the efficacies of benzimidazole did not sufficiently increase the efficacy, but LEV was an efficient anthelmintic treatment. | sheep, drug resistance, alternative treatment, Haemonchus contortus, levamisole | 200 | 575-581 | 4
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Can the examination of different types of hive samples be a non-invasive method for detection and quantification of viruses in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies? Полный текст
2023
Čukanová Eliška | Prodělalová Jana | Palíková Miroslava | Kováčová Kristýna | Linhart Petr | Papežíková Ivana
Honey bee viruses have been shown to negatively affect the vigour and longevity of European honey bees (Apis mellifera L). In the present work, beehive materials were tested for their potential to serve as non-invasive samples for honey bee virus detection.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes serogroups IIa and IVb from food and food-production environments in Poland Полный текст
2023
Lachtara Beata | Wieczorek Kinga | Osek Jacek
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for human listeriosis, which is a disease with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. The bacteria are usually susceptible to most antibacterial substances, but resistance to some of them has been recently observed. The present study introduces the evidence on the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food and food-production environments in Poland.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Porcine carcasses as an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter coli Полный текст
2023
Osek Jacek | Wieczorek Kinga
Campylobacteriosis is the most common human foodborne bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by bacteria of the Camplylobacter genus. The main source of these bacteria is poultry, but other food-producing animals such as pigs are also responsible for human infections. An increasing number of strains with resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides were recently noted. The aim of the study was to investigate Campylobacter contamination of porcine carcasses and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the obtained isolates.
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