O pinhão-manso tem se destacado como oleaginosa potencial para a produção de biocombustível. A torta, coproduto da extração do óleo, poderia ser utilizada na alimentação animal. No entanto, algumas variedades de pinhão-manso são tóxicas, limitando sua incorporação em dietas animais. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a hepatotoxicidade de dietas acrescidas de torta de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) em ratos. Foram utilizados trinta e cinco (35) ratos Wistar (Rattus norvergicus) machos adultos com peso inicial de 352,1 ± 26,8 g. Os animais foram alimentados por 21 dias com as dietas: controle, 10, 25, 40 e 50% TPM. Na alimentação com 50% TPM os animais apresentaram-se prostrados e com piloereção. O desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência apresentaram diminuição conforme o aumento da inclusão de TPM nas dietas. Em ratos submetidos a 10 e 25% TPM houve aumento de 17,52% no índice hepatossomático em relação ao grupo controle. O aumento de TPM na dieta de ratos promoveu aumento da atividade das enzimas ALT e AST. A avaliação anatomo-histopatológica revelou que, independentemente dos níveis testados, a TPM na alimentação de ratos provoca hipertrofia dos hepatócitos, com redução das reservas energéticas. Este estudo demonstrou que a utilização de TPM resultou em diminuição do consumo de alimento associado à perda de peso devido ao quadro clínico de toxicidade demonstrado pelas alterações bioquímica e histopatológica no fígado. Conclui-se que a inclusão de torta de pinhão-manso na alimentação de ratos apresenta alto potencial hepatotóxico levando a lesões no parênquima hepático.

O pinhão-manso tem se destacado como oleaginosa potencial para a produção de biocombustível. A torta, coproduto da extração do óleo, poderia ser utilizada na alimentação animal. No entanto, algumas variedades de pinhão-manso são tóxicas, limitando sua incorporação em dietas animais. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a hepatotoxicidade de dietas acrescidas de torta de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) em ratos. Foram utilizados trinta e cinco (35) ratos Wistar (Rattus norvergicus) machos adultos com peso inicial de 352,1 ± 26,8 g. Os animais foram alimentados por 21 dias com as dietas: controle, 10, 25, 40 e 50% TPM. Na alimentação com 50% TPM os animais apresentaram-se prostrados e com piloereção. O desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência apresentaram diminuição conforme o aumento da inclusão de TPM nas dietas. Em ratos submetidos a 10 e 25% TPM houve aumento de 17,52% no índice hepatossomático em relação ao grupo controle. O aumento de TPM na dieta de ratos promoveu aumento da atividade das enzimas ALT e AST. A avaliação anatomo-histopatológica revelou que, independentemente dos níveis testados, a TPM na alimentação de ratos provoca hipertrofia dos hepatócitos, com redução das reservas energéticas. Este estudo demonstrou que a utilização de TPM resultou em diminuição do consumo de alimento associado à perda de peso devido ao quadro clínico de toxicidade demonstrado pelas alterações bioquímica e histopatológica no fígado. Conclui-se que a inclusão de torta de pinhão-manso na alimentação de ratos apresenta alto potencial hepatotóxico levando a lesões no parênquima hepático. | Jatropha has been highlighted as an oleaginous potential for the production of biofuel. The cake, produced by oil extraction, could be used in animal feed. However, some varieties of jatropha are toxic by limiting their incorporation into animal diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of diets added with jatropha cake – JC (Jatropha curcas) in rats. Thirty-five (35) male Wistar adults rats (Rattus norvegicus) with initial weight of 352.1 ± 26.8 g were used. The animals were fed for 21 days with the diets: control, 10, 25, 40 and 50% JC. In the feeding with 50% JC the animals presented themselves prostrate and with piloerection. Development and survival decreased, since the inclusion of JC in diets increased. In rats submitted to 10 and 25% JC there was an increase of 17.52% in the hepatosomatic index in relation to the control group. Increase of JC in the rat diet promoted an increase in the activity of ALT and AST enzymes. Anatomic-histopathological evaluation demonstrated that, regardless of the levels tested, JC in rat diet causes hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, with a reduction in energy reserves. This study demonstrated that the use of JC resulted in decreased food intake, associated with weight loss due to the clinical pattern of toxicity, demonstrated by biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver. It was concluded that the inclusion of jatropha cake in rat feeding presents high hepatotoxic potential leading to lesions in the liver parenchyma.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. It was initially described in rodents and rabbits. There are few data on the morbidity and mortality of this disease among Brazilian marsupial fauna, such as opossums. These animals are of great importance regarding the epidemiology of this disease, given that they are prey for felids and other carnivores. With the aim of ascertaining the serological response to Toxoplasma gondii among marsupials (Didelphis spp.), 38 animals that had been caught in 14 districts of the urban area of the municipality of Bauru, state of São Paulo, were evaluated. The modified agglutination test (MAT) showed that 26.3% (10/38) of the samples analyzed were seropositive. It can be suggested that the opossums’ behavior and persistent proximity to human housing results in contact with cats and T. gondii infection, based on the frequency found in this study. This was the first study on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in opossums caught in the urban area of the municipality of Bauru, SP, and it highlights the need for environmental and health authorities of the municipality to monitor this zoonosis.

A toxoplasmose é uma das zoonoses mais comuns no mundo, tendo sido descrita inicialmente em roedores e em coelhos. Todavia, poucos são os dados sobre morbidade e mortalidade da toxoplasmose nos marsupiais da fauna brasileira, como os gambás, sendo de grande importância na epidemiologia da doença, como presas para felídeos e outros carnívoros. Com o objetivo de verificar a resposta sorológica para Toxoplasma gondii em marsupiais (Didelphis spp.), foram avaliados 38 animais capturados em 14 regiões da área urbana do município de Bauru-SP. Foi encontrada uma frequência, de acordo com o teste de aglutinação modificada (MAT), de 26,3% (10/38) nas amostras analisadas. Pode-se sugerir que o comportamento dos gambás e sua permanência próxima a habitações humanas resultam em contato com gatos e infecção por T. gondii, tendo em vista a frequência encontrada neste estudo. Este é o primeiro estudo de soroprevalência de T. gondii em gambás capturados na área urbana do município de Bauru-SP, alertando-se para a necessidade do monitoramento desta zoonose pelas autoridades de vigilância ambiental e sanitária do município. | Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. It was initially described in rodents and rabbits. There are few data on the morbidity and mortality of this disease among Brazilian marsupial fauna, such as opossums. These animals are of great importance regarding the epidemiology of this disease, given that they are prey for felids and other carnivores. With the aim of ascertaining the serological response to Toxoplasma gondii among marsupials (Didelphis spp.), 38 animals that had been caught in 14 districts of the urban area of the municipality of Bauru, state of São Paulo, were evaluated. The modified agglutination test (MAT) showed that 26.3% (10/38) of the samples analyzed were seropositive. It can be suggested that the opossums’ behavior and persistent proximity to human housing results in contact with cats and T. gondii infection, based on the frequency found in this study. This was the first study on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in opossums caught in the urban area of the municipality of Bauru, SP, and it highlights the need for environmental and health authorities of the municipality to monitor this zoonosis.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe extreme thermal stress on the respiratory rate (panting) of unsheared and sheared rams in standing and lying position, and to analyse two temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Six mature Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia, three unshorn and three shorn, were subjected to 40 hours (8 hours each day for five days) of gradual increase in temperature from 25°C to 40°C, guaranteeing 4h daily at 40°C in a heat chamber. Respiratory rate (RR) was registered continuously by counting flank movements, and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every five minutes inside the heat chamber. From 1413 RR measurements, descriptive and modelling analyses were performed. Panting as a response variable was distributed into five categories, and fixed effects such as THI, wool (unshorn/shorn), and position (standing/lying) were considered. No significant differences were observed between the panting score in the unshorn (standing or lying) and standing (unshorn or shorn) sheep, but significant differences were observed in shorn and lying rams. The explanations could be that heat production from muscle activity was lower and the transfer and heat lost by conduction to the floor was easier in the rams with shorter fleece (at least 0.7 inches long). However, in the unshorn rams, their wool acted as an insulator, both with air as well as the floor. Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia are heat tolerant to an environment between 31.5°C and 42°C, and 32% to 48% humidity for 40 hours over five days. The rams were in the first phase of panting, and the normal rectal temperatures registered daily when leaving the heat chamber confirmed that regulation of body temperature was possible. The LPHSI’s THI was adjusted to improve the analysis of the RR more than the National Research Council’s THI.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do estresse térmico extremamente severo sobre a frequência respiratória (ofego) em carneiros com lã e tosquiados, em pé ou deitados, e analisar dois índices de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Seis carneiros Merino Australiano da Patagônia Norte, três com lã e três tosquiados, foram expostos durante 40 horas a aumento gradual de temperatura de 25 a 40°C (oito horas durante cinco dias), garantindo quatro horas diárias a 40°C em uma câmara de calor. A frequência respiratória foi registrada continuamente mediante a contagem dos movimentos do flanco. A temperatura e a umidade relativa ambiente foram registradas a cada cinco minutos dentro da câmara. A partir de 1.413 frequências respiratórias registradas, uma análise descritiva foi realizada e um modelo calculado. A variável de resposta do ofego foi dividida em cinco categorias e os efeitos fixos considerados foram: ITU, lã (com lã ou tosquiado) e posição (em pé ou deitado). Não se observaram diferenças significativas nas frequências de ofego nos carneiros com lã (em pé ou deitados) nem entre os carneiros em pé (com lã e tosquiados), mas foram observadas diferenças significativas nos carneiros tosquiados deitados. Essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas à perda de calor com o solo, facilitada nos carneiros com mecha mais curta (pelo menos 1,8 cm), e à baixa produção de calor de atividade de músculo. Nos carneiros lanados, a lã atua como isolante tanto com o ar quanto com o solo. Os carneiros Merino Australianos do Norte da Patagônia foram adaptados a temperaturas ambiente entre 31,5 e 42°C e 32 e 48% de umidade durante 40 horas em cinco dias. Os carneiros permaneceram na primeira fase do ofego e as temperaturas retais diárias, que se registraram ao deixar a câmara de calor, permaneceram dentro da normalidade, o que demonstra que eles puderam regular a temperatura corporal. Além disso, foram analisados comparativamente os ajustes à frequência respiratória dos ITUs: LPHSI e National Research Council. | The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe extreme thermal stress on the respiratory rate (panting) of unsheared and sheared rams in standing and lying position, and to analyse two temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Six mature Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia, three unshorn and three shorn, were subjected to 40 hours (8 hours each day for five days) of gradual increase in temperature from 25°C to 40°C, guaranteeing 4h daily at 40°C in a heat chamber. Respiratory rate (RR) was registered continuously by counting flank movements, and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every five minutes inside the heat chamber. From 1413 RR measurements, descriptive and modelling analyses were performed. Panting as a response variable was distributed into five categories, and fixed effects such as THI, wool (unshorn/shorn), and position (standing/lying) were considered. No significant differences were observed between the panting score in the unshorn (standing or lying) and standing (unshorn or shorn) sheep, but significant differences were observed in shorn and lying rams. The explanations could be that heat production from muscle activity was lower and the transfer and heat lost by conduction to the floor was easier in the rams with shorter fleece (at least 0.7 inches long). However, in the unshorn rams, their wool acted as an insulator, both with air as well as the floor. Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia are heat tolerant to an environment between 31.5°C and 42°C, and 32% to 48% humidity for 40 hours over five days. The rams were in the first phase of panting, and the normal rectal temperatures registered daily when leaving the heat chamber confirmed that regulation of body temperature was possible. The LPHSI’s THI was adjusted to improve the analysis of the RR more than the National Research Council’s THI.

Estrus synchronization is a reproductive biotechnology used to improve artificial insemination or pairing through the manipulation of the estrous cycle at a desirable time. Employing this technique in captive pacas (Cuniculus paca L.) is important because it creates expectation of meeting the demand for paca meat and, consequently, reduces poaching. Thus, this research aims to verify the effect of a progestogen implant associated with two doses of eCG on the synchronization and induction of fertile estrus. Twenty-seven adult pacas were used, 18 non-pregnant females and nine males, divided into three groups. G1 and G2 females groups (treatments) received 1.5 mg Norgestomet and were injected intramuscularly, seven days later, with 0.13 mg of prostaglandin. After 24 hours the implants were removed and the animals immediately received 25 IU and 50 IU of ECG intramuscularly, respectively. The mating of the three groups took place on the same days. G3 females’ group (control) showed estrus on different days after D0. Females under treatment displayed estrus only after removing the implant (D8). G1, G2, and G3 pregnancy rates were 100%, 66%, and 50%, respectively. Regarding births per parturition, 100% of G1 and G3 produced one offspring, while 50% of G2 produced two. Progestogen in the form of subcutaneous implants was effective in mimicking the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. After removal, implants favored the occurrence of a fertile estrus. As a conclusion, further studies must be conducted in order to establish in-depth possible association between 50 IU of eCG, and the occurrence of twin pregnancies.

A sincronização é uma biotécnica reprodutiva que melhora a porcentagem de cobertura por meio da manipulação do ciclo estral. Empregar esta biotécnica em pacas de cativeiro (Cuniculus paca L.) é importante, pois cria-se a expectativa de que a demanda pela carne seja atendida e a caça ilegal diminua. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar o efeito de implantes de progestágenos associados a duas doses de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) na sincronização e indução de cios férteis de pacas. Foram utilizadas 18 fêmeas não prenhas e nove machos, divididos em três grupos. Fêmeas do G1 e G2 receberam implantes com 1,5mg de Norgestomet e, sete dias depois, 0,13mg de prostaglandina via intramuscular (IM). No dia 8 (D8), foram retirados os implantes e G1 e G2 receberam 25 UI e 50 UI de eCG, IM, respectivamente; G3 foi o controle. O pareamento nos três grupos aconteceu nos mesmos dias. As fêmeas do G3 apresentaram cio alguns dias após o dia zero (D0). Fêmeas que receberam tratamento apresentaram cio só após a retirada do implante no dia 8 (D8). As taxas de prenhez de G1, G2 e G3 atingiram 100%, 66% e 50%, respectivamente. Em relação a filhotes por parto, 100% do G1 e G3 produziram uma cria, enquanto 50% do G2 produziram duas crias. O progestágeno do implante foi eficaz em mimetizar a fase lútea do ciclo estral. Após a remoção, o tratamento hormonal favoreceu a ocorrência de cio fértil. Outros estudos devem ser realizados a fim de estabelecer uma possível associação entre 50 UI de eCG e a ocorrência de gestações gemelares. | Estrus synchronization is a reproductive biotechnology used to improve artificial insemination or pairing through the manipulation of the estrous cycle at a desirable time. Employing this technique in captive pacas (Cuniculus paca L.) is important because it creates expectation of meeting the demand for paca meat and, consequently, reduces poaching. Thus, this research aims to verify the effect of a progestogen implant associated with two doses of eCG on the synchronization and induction of fertile estrus. Twenty-seven adult pacas were used, 18 non-pregnant females and nine males, divided into three groups. G1 and G2 females groups (treatments) received 1.5 mg Norgestomet and were injected intramuscularly, seven days later, with 0.13 mg of prostaglandin. After 24 hours the implants were removed and the animals immediately received 25 IU and 50 IU of ECG intramuscularly, respectively. The mating of the three groups took place on the same days. G3 females’ group (control) showed estrus on different days after D0. Females under treatment displayed estrus only after removing the implant (D8). G1, G2, and G3 pregnancy rates were 100%, 66%, and 50%, respectively. Regarding births per parturition, 100% of G1 and G3 produced one offspring, while 50% of G2 produced two. Progestogen in the form of subcutaneous implants was effective in mimicking the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. After removal, implants favored the occurrence of a fertile estrus. As a conclusion, further studies must be conducted in order to establish in-depth possible association between 50 IU of eCG, and the occurrence of twin pregnancies.

During fertilization, spermatozoa interact with the zona pellucida (ZP) through the binding between the acrosome and proteins 2 and 3 (ZP2 and ZP3). The perivitelline membrane of chicken egg yolk is homologous to the mammalian ZP3, which allows the binding of sperm of several species. The aim of this study was to standardize and evaluate the efficiency of sperm-binding to the perivitelline membrane of chicken eggs as a functional method for canine semen evaluation. For this purpose, nine post-thaw sperm samples were used, which were divided into two aliquots: the first was kept in water bath at 37ºC (live sample) and the second was submitted to cold shock to induce cellular damage (dead sample). The two aliquots were mixed on five proportions, corresponding to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of viable cells, and the binding test was performed by analyzing the number of spermatozoa bonded to the perivitelline membrane by means of computerized assessment of sperm motility (CASA) or conventional microscopy. Additionally, samples were submitted to sperm motility analysis, evaluation of plasmatic and acrosomal membrane integrity, and sperm mitochondrial activity. The sperm-binding test to the perivitelline membrane of chicken egg yolk was considered a feasible sperm analysis test for both fertilizing capacity and overall sperm attributes evaluation, mainly when the analysis is performed by a conventional microscope, which expands its practicality to the majority of canine reproduction laboratories.

Durante a fecundação, os espermatozoides interagem com a zona pelúcida (ZP) por meio da ligação entre o acrossomo e as proteínas 2 e 3 (ZP2 e ZP3). A membrana perivitelínica da gema de ovo de galinhas é homóloga à ZP3 de mamíferos, possibilitando a ligação espermática de diversas espécies. Este trabalho padronizou e avaliou a eficiência do teste de ligação espermática à membrana perivitelínica da gema de ovo de galinhas como avaliação funcional do sêmen de cães. Para tal, foram utilizadas nove amostras seminais previamente criopreservadas. Cada amostra foi dividida em duas alíquotas: a primeira foi mantida em banho-maria à 37ºC (vivos) e a segunda submetida a choque térmico com o intuito de induzir dano celular (mortos). As duas alíquotas foram misturadas, correspondendo a 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de células viáveis. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto ao número de espermatozoides ligados à membrana perivitelínica por meio da análise computadorizada da motilidade (CASA) ou microscopia convencional. Ademais, as amostras foram avaliadas quanto à motilidade espermática, integridade das membranas acrossomal e plasmática e atividade mitocondrial espermática. O teste de ligação espermática à membrana perivitelínica de ovos de galinha foi considerado um teste de análise seminal exequível tanto para avaliar a capacidade fecundante dos espermatozoides como atributos seminais gerais, especialmente quando realizado em microscopia convencional, expandindo sua praticidade para a maioria dos laboratórios de análise de sêmen canino. | During fertilization, spermatozoa interact with the zona pellucida (ZP) through the binding between the acrosome and proteins 2 and 3 (ZP2 and ZP3). The perivitelline membrane of chicken egg yolk is homologous to the mammalian ZP3, which allows the binding of sperm of several species. The aim of this study was to standardize and evaluate the efficiency of sperm-binding to the perivitelline membrane of chicken eggs as a functional method for canine semen evaluation. For this purpose, nine post-thaw sperm samples were used, which were divided into two aliquots: the first was kept in water bath at 37ºC (live sample) and the second was submitted to cold shock to induce cellular damage (dead sample). The two aliquots were mixed on five proportions, corresponding to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of viable cells, and the binding test was performed by analyzing the number of spermatozoa bonded to the perivitelline membrane by means of computerized assessment of sperm motility (CASA) or conventional microscopy. Additionally, samples were submitted to sperm motility analysis, evaluation of plasmatic and acrosomal membrane integrity, and sperm mitochondrial activity. The sperm-binding test to the perivitelline membrane of chicken egg yolk was considered a feasible sperm analysis test for both fertilizing capacity and overall sperm attributes evaluation, mainly when the analysis is performed by a conventional microscope, which expands its practicality to the majority of canine reproduction laboratories.

The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches – the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery – are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes. | The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches – the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery – are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present.

As intussuscepções são acidentes intestinais incomuns e que podem resultar em desconforto abdominal agudo e progressivo ou recorrente em potros. Esta condição afeta potros neonatos de forma assintomática e de 3 a 12 meses são emergências cirúrgicas quando envolvem o intestino delgado, principalmente o jejuno. A avaliação ultrassonográfica transabdominal é um importante para o exame desses animais devido às limitações de seu tamanho para avaliações do abdômen agudo. O presente relato de caso mostra a importância da utilização do ultrassom transabdominal em potros com abdômen agudo

As intussuscepções são acidentes intestinais incomuns e que podem resultar em desconforto abdominal agudo e progressivo ou recorrente em potros. Esta condição afeta potros neonatos de forma assintomática e de 3 a 12 meses são emergências cirúrgicas quando envolvem o intestino delgado, principalmente o jejuno. A avaliação ultrassonográfica transabdominal é um importante para o exame desses animais devido às limitações de seu tamanho para avaliações do abdômen agudo. O presente relato de caso mostra a importância da utilização do ultrassom transabdominal em potros com abdômen agudo | Intussusceptions are unusual intestinal incidents which may result in acute and progressive or recurrent abdominal discomfort in foals. This condition asymptomatically affects newborn foals (3-12 months), are surgical emergencies when it involves the small intestine, especially the jejunum. Transabdominal ultrasound evaluation is an important diagnostic method, due to their size limitations for acute abdomen evaluation. The present report shows the importance of using transabdominal ultrasound in foals with acute abdomen.

Sonography is a safe and non-invasive imaging modality, with the added benefit of providing dynamic images. Power Doppler sonography allows blood vessel identification regardless of flow intensity or direction. A one-year-old Ile de France ewe was admitted to the FMVZ-USP Veterinary Hospital with a complete tibial fracture. The animal was submitted to general inhalation anesthesia and fracture repair using a 3.5 mm locking compression plate. Power Doppler sonography was used to assess neovascularization over the course of the bone healing process. Formation of new vessels was noted between postoperative days 14 and 21; new vessels regressed progressively on subsequent assessments (postoperative days 28 and 35). Power Doppler sonography enabled early detection of newly formed blood vessels at the fracture site. The non-invasive nature of this imaging modality prevented patient stress and provided useful information on the progression of bone healing. Early neovascularization was thought to reflect successful postoperative healing of the tibial fracture described.

A ultrassonografia é técnica de imagem segura e não invasiva que fornece imagens dinâmicas. O Power Doppler é modalidade ultrassonográfica que permite a visualização de vasos sanguíneos sem depender de intensidade e direção de fluxo. Admitiu-se no Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-USP um ovino fêmea, de raça Ile de France, com um ano de idade e apresentando fratura completa de tíbia em bisel. O animal foi submetido à anestesia inalatória para a realização de osteossíntese com placa bloqueada de 3,5 mm. Durante o período pós-operatório foram realizadas imagens de ultrassonografia Power Doppler para a avaliação da neovascularização ao longo do processo de regeneração óssea. Entre o 14º e o 21º dia do período pós-operatório, identificou-se a presença de vasos sanguíneos neoformados, que apresentaram sinais de regressão nas avaliações subsequentes (realizadas no 28º e no 35º dia pós-operatório). A ultrassonografia Power Doppler mostrou-se eficiente na detecção precoce de vasos sanguíneos neoformados na região da fratura no período pós-operatório, sendo um exame não invasivo, que não gerou estresse para o animal e que pode estar relacionado ao sucesso no reparo ósseo da tíbia do animal submetido à osteossíntese. | Sonography is a safe and non-invasive imaging modality, with the added benefit of providing dynamic images. Power Doppler sonography allows blood vessel identification regardless of flow intensity or direction. A one-year-old Ile de France ewe was admitted to the FMVZ-USP Veterinary Hospital with a complete tibial fracture. The animal was submitted to general inhalation anesthesia and fracture repair using a 3.5 mm locking compression plate. Power Doppler sonography was used to assess neovascularization over the course of the bone healing process. Formation of new vessels was noted between postoperative days 14 and 21; new vessels regressed progressively on subsequent assessments (postoperative days 28 and 35). Power Doppler sonography enabled early detection of newly formed blood vessels at the fracture site. The non-invasive nature of this imaging modality prevented patient stress and provided useful information on the progression of bone healing. Early neovascularization was thought to reflect successful postoperative healing of the tibial fracture described.

The multidrug resistant and the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from animals, food, and humans are public health concern. These microorganisms produce different toxins related to food poisoning in humans. This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from two organic milk farms in Brazil. A total of 259 milk samples were collected, from which 58 (22.4%) Staphylococcus spp. were isolated. The highest sensibility to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was observed in 96.6% of Staphylococcus spp., and whereas 89% were resistant to penicillin G. The mecA gene was detected in 13.8% of the isolates. SEA and SEC were the most common enterotoxins detected. PFGE revealed genetic heterogeneity from S. intermedius and S. warneri analyzed, while S. aureus presented similar profiles among isolates from the two studied herds. To the best of our knowledge, the current study describes for the first time presence of enterotoxins, mecA gene, and genetic diversity of staphylococci isolated from organic dairy farms in Brazil.

A emergência de estafilococos multirresistentes e resistentes à meticilina, isolados de animais, alimentos e humanos é uma preocupação em saúde pública. Esses micro-organismos produzem diferentes toxinas relacionadas à intoxicação alimentar em humanos. Este estudo caracterizou Staphylococcus spp. isolados em duas fazendas orgânicas no Brasil. Foram coletadas 259 amostras de leite em duas propriedades leiteiras orgânicas, nas quais 58 (22,4%) estirpes de Staphylococcus spp. foram isoladas. A maior sensibilidade dos isolados foi observada para ceftiofur e sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim em 96,6%. Em contraste, acima de 89% de resistência dos estafilicocos foi encontrada para penicilina G. O gene mecA foi identificado em 13,8% dos isolados. SEA e SEC foram as enterotoxinas mais comumente detectadas. PFGE revelou heterogeneidade genética entre S. intermedius e S. warneri, enquanto S. aureus demonstraram perfis semelhantes entre isolados dos dois rebanhos estudados. Relata-se pela primeira vez no Brasil a detecção de enterotoxinas, o gene mecA e diversidade genética em estafilococos isolados de vacas em produção orgânica. | The multidrug resistant and the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from animals, food, and humans are public health concern. These microorganisms produce different toxins related to food poisoning in humans. This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from two organic milk farms in Brazil. A total of 259 milk samples were collected, from which 58 (22.4%) Staphylococcus spp. were isolated. The highest sensibility to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was observed in 96.6% of Staphylococcus spp., and whereas 89% were resistant to penicillin G. The mecA gene was detected in 13.8% of the isolates. SEA and SEC were the most common enterotoxins detected. PFGE revealed genetic heterogeneity from S. intermedius and S. warneri analyzed, while S. aureus presented similar profiles among isolates from the two studied herds. To the best of our knowledge, the current study describes for the first time presence of enterotoxins, mecA gene, and genetic diversity of staphylococci isolated from organic dairy farms in Brazil.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that results in hyperglycemia by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, sometimes leading to fatal complications. The successful treatment of diabetic dogs depends on nutritional management and insulin applications. Studies evaluating the nutrition of diabetic dogs focused on fiber as the main factor in glycemic control; however, new research describes the role of starch as key in postprandial glycemic fluctuation, also attributing a central role for body condition scores and feed management in the adequate glycemic control of diabetic dogs. The aim of this paper is to review nutritional aspects to better control diabetes in dogs.

Diabetes Mellitus é uma desordem crônica que resulta em hiperglicemia pela deficiência absoluta ou relativa de insulina, que gera complicações que podem levar à morte. O sucesso do tratamento do cão diabético depende da aplicação de insulina e do adequado manejo nutricional. Estudos que avaliaram aspectos nutricionais de cães diabéticos focavam na fibra dietética como o principal fator controlador da glicemia, porém novas pesquisas apontam o amido como principal responsável pelas respostas glicêmicas pós-prandiais e atribuem importante papel ao escore de condição corporal e ao manejo alimentar no adequado controle glicêmico de cães diabéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os principais aspectos da nutrição de cães diabéticos para o melhor controle da doença. | Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that results in hyperglycemia by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, sometimes leading to fatal complications. The successful treatment of diabetic dogs depends on nutritional management and insulin applications. Studies evaluating the nutrition of diabetic dogs focused on fiber as the main factor in glycemic control; however, new research describes the role of starch as key in postprandial glycemic fluctuation, also attributing a central role for body condition scores and feed management in the adequate glycemic control of diabetic dogs. The aim of this paper is to review nutritional aspects to better control diabetes in dogs.