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Isolamento de brucella spp do leite de vacas positivas para brucelose nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais | Isolation of brucella spp from milk of brucellosis positive cows in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states Полный текст
2000
Langoni, Helio | Ichihara, Sílvio Massaru | Silva, Aristeu Vieira da | Pardo, Renata Bonini | Tonin, Flávia Bechelli | Mendonça, Lia Jeanne Pereira | Machado, José Aparecido Dorta
Isolamento de brucella spp do leite de vacas positivas para brucelose nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais | Isolation of brucella spp from milk of brucellosis positive cows in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states Полный текст
2000
Langoni, Helio | Ichihara, Sílvio Massaru | Silva, Aristeu Vieira da | Pardo, Renata Bonini | Tonin, Flávia Bechelli | Mendonça, Lia Jeanne Pereira | Machado, José Aparecido Dorta
A brucelose é uma zoonose crônica de importância para a Saúde Pública. Considerando o pequeno número de dados brasileiros sobre a sua presença em leite cru e derivados não-pasteurizados, estudamos a presença de brucelas em leite de animais sorologicamente positivos. A soroaglutinação rápida (SAR), a soroaglutinação lenta (SAL) e a soroaglutinação lenta com tratamento do soro com 2-mercaptoetanol foram utilizados para identificar os animais positivos nas propriedades estudadas. Amostras diárias de 300 ml de leite foram colhidas por três dias de todos os quartos mamários produtivos (75 ml/teto). As amostras eram misturadas e centrifugadas. Parte do sedimento e do sobrenadante foi inoculada em meios de Farrel e Brodie-Sinton (BS) suplementados com agentes antimicrobianos. As placas e tubos foram cultivados por sete dias a 37ºC, em microaerofilia. As colônias suspeitas no meio BS foram imediatamente repicadas para ágar-Brucella, e cultivadas sob a mesma condição. Os microrganismos isolados foram submetidos a procedimentos de identificação, incluindo a coloração de Gram, requerimento de CO2, produção de H2S, atividade da urease e crescimento na presença de tionina e fucsina. Das 49 amostras examinadas, isolou-se Brucella abortus de 15 (30,61%). Os biótipos isolados foram: biótipo 1 em uma amostra (2,04%), biótipo 2 em oito (16,32%) e biótipo 3 em seis amostras (12,25%) | Brucellosis is a chronic zoonosis that plays an important role in Public Health. Considering the lack of data in Brazil regarding its presence in raw milk and non-pasteurized dairy products, we determined the presence of brucellae in milk from brucellosis positive animals. The slide agglutination test (SAT), tube agglutination test (TAT) and TAT treated with 2-mercaptoethanol were used to identify positive animals in studied herds. For 3 days, 300 ml milk samples/cow (75 ml/teat) were collected from all productive quarters of the positive animals. These were mixed and centrifuged. Part of the pellet and of the supernatant were inoculated in Farrel and Brodie-Sinton (BS) media supplemented with antimicrobial agents. The inoculated plates and tubes were incubated at 37ºC for 7 days, with 10 per cent CO2 atmosphere. The suspected bacterial growth in BS media was immediately cultivated in agar Brucella media, under the same conditions. Colonies were submitted to identification procedures including Gram stain, CO2 requirement, H2S production, urease activity and growth in the presence of thionin and fuchsin. Of the 49 analysed samples, 15 (30.61%) contained Brucella abortus. The distribution was as follows: biotype 1 in one sample (2.04%), biotype 2 in eight (16.32%) and biotype 3 in six samples (12.25%).
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Isolation of brucella spp from milk of brucellosis positive cows in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states Полный текст
2000
LANGONI, Helio(UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública) | ICHIHARA, Sílvio Massaru(UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública) | SILVA, Aristeu Vieira da(UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública) | PARDO, Renata Bonini(UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública) | TONIN, Flávia Bechelli(UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública) | MENDONÇA, Lia Jeanne Pereira(UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública) | MACHADO, José Aparecido Dorta
Brucellosis is a chronic zoonosis that plays an important role in Public Health. Considering the lack of data in Brazil regarding its presence in raw milk and non-pasteurized dairy products, we determined the presence of brucellae in milk from brucellosis positive animals. The slide agglutination test (SAT), tube agglutination test (TAT) and TAT treated with 2-mercaptoethanol were used to identify positive animals in studied herds. For 3 days, 300 ml milk samples/cow (75 ml/teat) were collected from all productive quarters of the positive animals. These were mixed and centrifuged. Part of the pellet and of the supernatant were inoculated in Farrel and Brodie-Sinton (BS) media supplemented with antimicrobial agents. The inoculated plates and tubes were incubated at 37ºC for 7 days, with 10 per cent CO2 atmosphere. The suspected bacterial growth in BS media was immediately cultivated in agar Brucella media, under the same conditions. Colonies were submitted to identification procedures including Gram stain, CO2 requirement, H2S production, urease activity and growth in the presence of thionin and fuchsin. Of the 49 analysed samples, 15 (30.61%) contained Brucella abortus. The distribution was as follows: biotype 1 in one sample (2.04%), biotype 2 in eight (16.32%) and biotype 3 in six samples (12.25%). | A brucelose é uma zoonose crônica de importância para a Saúde Pública. Considerando o pequeno número de dados brasileiros sobre a sua presença em leite cru e derivados não-pasteurizados, estudamos a presença de brucelas em leite de animais sorologicamente positivos. A soroaglutinação rápida (SAR), a soroaglutinação lenta (SAL) e a soroaglutinação lenta com tratamento do soro com 2-mercaptoetanol foram utilizados para identificar os animais positivos nas propriedades estudadas. Amostras diárias de 300 ml de leite foram colhidas por três dias de todos os quartos mamários produtivos (75 ml/teto). As amostras eram misturadas e centrifugadas. Parte do sedimento e do sobrenadante foi inoculada em meios de Farrel e Brodie-Sinton (BS) suplementados com agentes antimicrobianos. As placas e tubos foram cultivados por sete dias a 37ºC, em microaerofilia. As colônias suspeitas no meio BS foram imediatamente repicadas para ágar-Brucella, e cultivadas sob a mesma condição. Os microrganismos isolados foram submetidos a procedimentos de identificação, incluindo a coloração de Gram, requerimento de CO2, produção de H2S, atividade da urease e crescimento na presença de tionina e fucsina. Das 49 amostras examinadas, isolou-se Brucella abortus de 15 (30,61%). Os biótipos isolados foram: biótipo 1 em uma amostra (2,04%), biótipo 2 em oito (16,32%) e biótipo 3 em seis amostras (12,25%)
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Isolamento de brucella spp do leite de vacas positivas para brucelose nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais Полный текст
2000
Helio Langoni | Sílvio Massaru Ichihara | Aristeu Vieira da Silva | Renata Bonini Pardo | Flávia Bechelli Tonin | Lia Jeanne Pereira Mendonça | José Aparecido Dorta Machado
A brucelose é uma zoonose crônica de importância para a Saúde Pública. Considerando o pequeno número de dados brasileiros sobre a sua presença em leite cru e derivados não-pasteurizados, estudamos a presença de brucelas em leite de animais sorologicamente positivos. A soroaglutinação rápida (SAR), a soroaglutinação lenta (SAL) e a soroaglutinação lenta com tratamento do soro com 2-mercaptoetanol foram utilizados para identificar os animais positivos nas propriedades estudadas. Amostras diárias de 300 ml de leite foram colhidas por três dias de todos os quartos mamários produtivos (75 ml/teto). As amostras eram misturadas e centrifugadas. Parte do sedimento e do sobrenadante foi inoculada em meios de Farrel e Brodie-Sinton (BS) suplementados com agentes antimicrobianos. As placas e tubos foram cultivados por sete dias a 37ºC, em microaerofilia. As colônias suspeitas no meio BS foram imediatamente repicadas para ágar-Brucella, e cultivadas sob a mesma condição. Os microrganismos isolados foram submetidos a procedimentos de identificação, incluindo a coloração de Gram, requerimento de CO2, produção de H2S, atividade da urease e crescimento na presença de tionina e fucsina. Das 49 amostras examinadas, isolou-se Brucella abortus de 15 (30,61%). Os biótipos isolados foram: biótipo 1 em uma amostra (2,04%), biótipo 2 em oito (16,32%) e biótipo 3 em seis amostras (12,25%)
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Sexing of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos by multiplex PCR | Sexagem de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro pela técnica de PCR multiplex Полный текст
2000
Luz, Marcelo Rezende | Watanabe, Yeda Fumie | Ferro, Jesus Aparecido | Ferro, Maria Inês T. | Mauro, Sônia Marli Singaretti de | Hossepian de Lima, Vera Fernanda Martins | Franceschini, Paulo Henrique
Sexing of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos by multiplex PCR | Sexagem de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro pela técnica de PCR multiplex Полный текст
2000
Luz, Marcelo Rezende | Watanabe, Yeda Fumie | Ferro, Jesus Aparecido | Ferro, Maria Inês T. | Mauro, Sônia Marli Singaretti de | Hossepian de Lima, Vera Fernanda Martins | Franceschini, Paulo Henrique
Neste trabalho, a técnica de PCR ("polymerase chain reaction") foi utilizada para a sexagem de 92 embriões bovinos fertilizados in vitro. Os embriões originaram-se de fertilização in vitro de oócitos aspirados de ovários de fêmeas bovinas, provenientes de abatedouros comerciais. Os oócitos foram maturados, fertilizados e cultivados até o estádio de blastocisto. Os embriões foram lavados em solução de PBS, transferidos para tubos de polipropileno contendo água ultrapura, e imediatamente congelados a -196ºC. Os embriões foram descongelados sobre isopor contendo gelo picado e tratados com proteinase K. Para a reação de PCR, utilizaram-se alíquotas de 34 µl de cada tudo, onde foram acrescidos dois pares de primers, seqüência BC1.2 e seqüência satélite 1.715, desoxinucleotídeos, MgCl2, tampão PCR 10X, TaqDNA polimerase e água, em um volume final de 50 µl. As amostras foram amplificadas e a eletroforese realizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 8%. Os géis foram corados com solução de brometo de etídio e analisados em transiluminador de luz ultravioleta. Um índice de 93,47% de amplificação foi atingido, com 41 embriões (47,67%) machos e 45 (52,32%) embriões fêmeas. O uso de gel de poliacrilamida a 8% foi eficaz na separação de fragmentos de DNA muito próximos. | In the present study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for sexing ninety-two in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. The embryos were obtained after in vitro fertilization of oocytes from slaughterhouses. The oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured until the blastocyst stage. The embryos were washed in PBS solution, and transferred to polypropylene tubes with containing ultrapure water and immediately frozen at -196ºC. The embryos were thawed on ice and treated with proteinase K. For the PCR reaction, aliquots of 34 µl from each tube were mixed to the primers BC1.2 and microsatellite sequence 1715, dNTPs, MgCl2, 10X PCR buffer, Taq DNA polymerase and water in a final volume of 50 µl. The samples were amplified and the PCR products separated by electrophoresis in a 8% polyacrylamide gel. The gels were stained in ethidium bromide solution and vizualized under UV-light. The amplification rate was 93.47%, with 41 (47.67%) male embryos and 45 (52.32%) female embryos. The use of 8% polyacrylamide gel was efficient for separating DNA fragments of very similar size.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Sexagem de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro pela técnica de PCR multiplex Полный текст
2000
Marcelo Rezende Luz | Yeda Fumie Watanabe | Jesus Aparecido Ferro | Maria Inês T. Ferro | Sônia Marli Singaretti de Mauro | Vera Fernanda Martins Hossepian de Lima | Paulo Henrique Franceschini
Neste trabalho, a técnica de PCR ("polymerase chain reaction") foi utilizada para a sexagem de 92 embriões bovinos fertilizados in vitro. Os embriões originaram-se de fertilização in vitro de oócitos aspirados de ovários de fêmeas bovinas, provenientes de abatedouros comerciais. Os oócitos foram maturados, fertilizados e cultivados até o estádio de blastocisto. Os embriões foram lavados em solução de PBS, transferidos para tubos de polipropileno contendo água ultrapura, e imediatamente congelados a -196ºC. Os embriões foram descongelados sobre isopor contendo gelo picado e tratados com proteinase K. Para a reação de PCR, utilizaram-se alíquotas de 34 µl de cada tudo, onde foram acrescidos dois pares de primers, seqüência BC1.2 e seqüência satélite 1.715, desoxinucleotídeos, MgCl2, tampão PCR 10X, TaqDNA polimerase e água, em um volume final de 50 µl. As amostras foram amplificadas e a eletroforese realizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 8%. Os géis foram corados com solução de brometo de etídio e analisados em transiluminador de luz ultravioleta. Um índice de 93,47% de amplificação foi atingido, com 41 embriões (47,67%) machos e 45 (52,32%) embriões fêmeas. O uso de gel de poliacrilamida a 8% foi eficaz na separação de fragmentos de DNA muito próximos.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Sexagem de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro pela técnica de PCR multiplex Полный текст
2000
LUZ, Marcelo Rezende(UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia) | WATANABE, Yeda Fumie(Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto) | FERRO, Jesus Aparecido(UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia) | FERRO, Maria Inês T.(UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia) | MAURO, Sônia Marli Singaretti de(UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia) | HOSSEPIAN DE LIMA, Vera Fernanda Martins(UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia) | FRANCESCHINI, Paulo Henrique(UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia)
Neste trabalho, a técnica de PCR ("polymerase chain reaction") foi utilizada para a sexagem de 92 embriões bovinos fertilizados in vitro. Os embriões originaram-se de fertilização in vitro de oócitos aspirados de ovários de fêmeas bovinas, provenientes de abatedouros comerciais. Os oócitos foram maturados, fertilizados e cultivados até o estádio de blastocisto. Os embriões foram lavados em solução de PBS, transferidos para tubos de polipropileno contendo água ultrapura, e imediatamente congelados a -196ºC. Os embriões foram descongelados sobre isopor contendo gelo picado e tratados com proteinase K. Para a reação de PCR, utilizaram-se alíquotas de 34 µl de cada tudo, onde foram acrescidos dois pares de primers, seqüência BC1.2 e seqüência satélite 1.715, desoxinucleotídeos, MgCl2, tampão PCR 10X, TaqDNA polimerase e água, em um volume final de 50 µl. As amostras foram amplificadas e a eletroforese realizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 8%. Os géis foram corados com solução de brometo de etídio e analisados em transiluminador de luz ultravioleta. Um índice de 93,47% de amplificação foi atingido, com 41 embriões (47,67%) machos e 45 (52,32%) embriões fêmeas. O uso de gel de poliacrilamida a 8% foi eficaz na separação de fragmentos de DNA muito próximos. | In the present study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for sexing ninety-two in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. The embryos were obtained after in vitro fertilization of oocytes from slaughterhouses. The oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured until the blastocyst stage. The embryos were washed in PBS solution, and transferred to polypropylene tubes with containing ultrapure water and immediately frozen at -196ºC. The embryos were thawed on ice and treated with proteinase K. For the PCR reaction, aliquots of 34 µl from each tube were mixed to the primers BC1.2 and microsatellite sequence 1715, dNTPs, MgCl2, 10X PCR buffer, Taq DNA polymerase and water in a final volume of 50 µl. The samples were amplified and the PCR products separated by electrophoresis in a 8% polyacrylamide gel. The gels were stained in ethidium bromide solution and vizualized under UV-light. The amplification rate was 93.47%, with 41 (47.67%) male embryos and 45 (52.32%) female embryos. The use of 8% polyacrylamide gel was efficient for separating DNA fragments of very similar size.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Emprego da túnica vaginal autógena, a fresco, em ceratoplastia lamelar experimental em cães (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758) | Use of fresh autogenous vaginal tunic in the experimental lamellar keratoplasty in dogs (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758) Полный текст
2000
Galera, Paula Diniz | Laus, José Luiz | Ferreira, Affonso Luiz
Emprego da túnica vaginal autógena, a fresco, em ceratoplastia lamelar experimental em cães (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758) | Use of fresh autogenous vaginal tunic in the experimental lamellar keratoplasty in dogs (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758) Полный текст
2000
Galera, Paula Diniz | Laus, José Luiz | Ferreira, Affonso Luiz
Empregou-se a túnica vaginal autógena, a fresco, na ceratoplastia lamelar em cães. Foram utilizados 14 cães, a serem avaliados nos períodos iniciais, intermediários e tardios. Fotofobia, blefarospasmo, descarga ocular, edema, neovascularização e pigmentação corneanas foram observados. Os resultados mostraram ser a técnica factível de utilização na reparação corneana após ceratectomias superficiais. | Autogenous vaginal tunics have been researched in lamellar keratoplasty in dogs using fresh autogenous grafts in the repair of superficial keratectomies. Fourteen dogs have been used for the evaluation at the early, intermediary and late postoperative periods. Photophobia, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, edema, neovascularization and pigmentation have been observed. The results have showed that the original procedure is useful for the repair of corneas after superficial keratectomies.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Emprego da túnica vaginal autógena, a fresco, em ceratoplastia lamelar experimental em cães (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758) Полный текст
2000
Paula Diniz Galera | José Luiz Laus | Affonso Luiz Ferreira
Empregou-se a túnica vaginal autógena, a fresco, na ceratoplastia lamelar em cães. Foram utilizados 14 cães, a serem avaliados nos períodos iniciais, intermediários e tardios. Fotofobia, blefarospasmo, descarga ocular, edema, neovascularização e pigmentação corneanas foram observados. Os resultados mostraram ser a técnica factível de utilização na reparação corneana após ceratectomias superficiais.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Use of fresh autogenous vaginal tunic in the experimental lamellar keratoplasty in dogs (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758) Полный текст
2000
GALERA, Paula Diniz(UNIC Hospital Veterinário Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia) | LAUS, José Luiz(UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Seção de Oftalmologia) | FERREIRA, Affonso Luiz(Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá Departamento de Morfologia)
Autogenous vaginal tunics have been researched in lamellar keratoplasty in dogs using fresh autogenous grafts in the repair of superficial keratectomies. Fourteen dogs have been used for the evaluation at the early, intermediary and late postoperative periods. Photophobia, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, edema, neovascularization and pigmentation have been observed. The results have showed that the original procedure is useful for the repair of corneas after superficial keratectomies. | Empregou-se a túnica vaginal autógena, a fresco, na ceratoplastia lamelar em cães. Foram utilizados 14 cães, a serem avaliados nos períodos iniciais, intermediários e tardios. Fotofobia, blefarospasmo, descarga ocular, edema, neovascularização e pigmentação corneanas foram observados. Os resultados mostraram ser a técnica factível de utilização na reparação corneana após ceratectomias superficiais.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Intestinal parasites of raccoons (Procyon lotor) from southwest British Columbia Полный текст
2000
Ching, H. L. | Leighton, B. J. | Stephen, C.
This is the first extensive survey of metazoan parasites (particularly of the roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis) from the intestines of raccoons in British Columbia. The sample collected in 1997-1998 consisted of 82 raccoons that had been sick or had been killed accidentally by automobiles. Fifteen parasite taxa were found: 3 nematodes, 9 digenetic trematodes, 2 acanthocephalans and 1 cestode. Ten of these parasites constitute new host records for raccoons, including 4 digenetic trematodes that have been reported in marine birds and mammals on the Pacific Coast of North America. Baylisascaris procyonis infected 61% of the raccoons with a mean intensity of 27. The high rate of infection indicates a large potential for environmental contamination and, thus, human and animal exposure to infectious eggs. Prevention of larva migrans is discussed, particularly for people in contact with raccoons in wildlife rehabilitation centers.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Protection studies on winter dysentery caused by bovine coronavirus in cattle using antigens prepared from infected cell lysates Полный текст
2000
Takamura, K. | Okada, N. | Ui, S. | Hirahara, T. | Shimizu, Y.
Cells infected with bovine coronavirus (BCV) were solubilized with Triton X-100 to yield a cell lysate (CL) antigen having high hemagglutinating (HA) titers. The antigen gave high HA titers using rat erythrocytes, suggesting that it contained large amounts of hemagglutinin esterase (HE) antigen. The CL antigen, combined with an oil adjuvant, was tested for protective and antibody-inducing activities in cattle. Four groups (2 cattle/group) of cattle were inoculated with CL antigen having HA titers of 16 000, 4000, 1000, and 250. Another group served as untreated controls. Two intramuscular inoculations were given at an interval of 3 wk. The animals were challenged with virus 1 wk after the second inoculation. The groups immunized with the CL antigen having an HA titer of 4000 or 16 000 produced hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers of > 320 and serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titers of > 1280. These groups of animals showed no clinical abnormalities after challenge. In the groups immunized with CL antigen at an HA titer of 1000 or 250, HI antibody titers were 40 to 160 and SN titers were 80 to 640. The cattle with HI antibody titers of > or = 160 and the SN titers of > or = 640 showed no clinical signs, but the cattle with the HI antibody titer < 80 and the SN antibody titer < 160 developed watery diarrhea and fever after challenge. These results indicate that CL antigen with high HA titer induces antibody production in cattle that provides effective protection against winter dysentery.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Susceptibility of piglets to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus following experimental infection Полный текст
2000
Shien, J. H. | Lee, L. H.
The possibility exists that rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) can be transmitted to swine, through lapinized hog cholera virus (HCV) vaccine. To investigate the infectivity of RHDV in swine, 16 four- to six-week-old piglets were inoculated subcutaneously with RHDV, and samples of liver, lung, spleen, kidney, bile, adrenal gland, tonsil, mesenteric lymph node, thymus, urine, buffy coat, and feces were collected from each of 2 animals on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 post infection. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, viral RNA was detected in most tissues by Day 3 and was absent after Day 5, except in lung and liver tissues, in which viral RNA was detected up to Day 14. Viral RNA was not detected in kidney, urine, feces or bile. Antibody responses, as detected by hemagglutination inhibition, were of low titer and short duration, and were similar in animals inoculated with viable RHD and in those given formalin-inactivated RHDV (n = 2). Neither viral RNA nor antibody were detected in the negative control or in the uninfected, in-contact animals.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effect of clomipramine on monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of behaviorally normal dogs Полный текст
2000
Hewson, C. J. | Luescher, U. A. | Parent, J. M. | Ball, R. O.
The tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine, is an effective treatment for canine compulsive disorder (canine CD). This disorder is a clinical syndrome of abnormal conflict behaviors and its pathophysiology is unknown. However, because clomipramine is an effective treatment, information about the drug's neurochemical effect could enhance the understanding of canine CD. The following experiment used 6 behaviorally normal dogs to assess the effect of clomipramine (3 mg/kg, q24h, PO) on the central turnover of 3 monoamines (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) as measured by the concentrations of their respective metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In a randomized, placebo-controlled, AB-BA crossover experiment, cisternal CSF was taken after 1, 2, 4, and 6 wk on each treatment. No effect of clomipramine was detected. This contrasts with human studies that have suggested that clomipramine affects the concentrations of monoamine metabolites in lumbar CSF. However, those papers do not address methodological assumptions, such as (i) metabolites in CSF originate only from the brain, and (ii) concentrations of metabolites in cisternal/lumbar CSF reflect the concentrations in local areas of the brain. Notwithstanding the small sample size, our results suggest that more localized sampling techniques (e.g. microdialysis) are needed when examining the effect of drugs on central monoamine metabolites. Clomipramine's efficacy for canine CD indicates the need for neurobiological research and, to our knowledge, our study is the first of its kind in dogs. The resulting data are preliminary but they can inform optimal neurobiological studies of canine CD.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Direct MS-MS identification of isoxsuprine-glucuronide in post-administration equine urine Полный текст
2000
Bosken, J. M. | Lehner, A. F. | Hunsucker, A. | Harkins, J. D. | Woods, W. E. | Karpiesiuk, W. | Carter, W. G. | Boyles, J. | Fisher, M. | Tobin, T.
Isoxsuprine is routinely recovered from enzymatically-hydrolyzed, post-administration urine samples as parent isoxsuprine in equine forensic science. However, the specific identity of the material in horse urine from which isoxsuprine is recovered has never been established, although it has long been assumed to be a glucuronide conjugate (or conjugates) of isoxsuprine. Using ESI/MS/MS positive mode as an analytical tool, urine samples collected 4-8 h after isoxsuprine administration yielded a major peak at m/z 554 that was absent from control samples and resisted fragmentation to daughter ions. Titration of this material with increasing concentrations of sodium acetate yielded m/z peaks consistent with the presence of monosodium and disodium isoxsuprine-glucuronide complexes, suggesting that the starting material was a dipotassium-isoxsuprine-glucuronide complex. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry negative mode disclosed the presence of a m/z 476 peak that declined following enzymatic hydrolysis and resulted in the concomitant appearance of peaks at m/z 300 and 175. The resulting peaks were consistent with the presence of isoxsuprine (m/z 300) and a glucuronic acid residue (m/z 175). Examination of the daughter ion spectrum of this putative isoxsuprine-glucuronide m/z 476 peak showed overlap of many peaks with those of similar spectra of authentic morphine-3- and morphine-6-glucuronides, suggesting they were derived from glucuronic acid conjugation. These data suggest that isoxsuprine occurs in post-administration urine samples as an isoxsuprine-glucuronide conjugate and also, under some circumstances, as an isoxsuprine-glucuronide-dipotassium complex.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Comparative effects of the human protein C activator, Protac, on the activated partial thromboplastin clotting times of plasmas, with special reference to the dog Полный текст
2000
Johnstone, I. B. | Martin, C. A.
The commercial snake venom extract, Protac, is a specific activator of the anticoagulant zymogen, protein C (PC) in human plasma. This specific action has led to its use in developing coagulation-based and amidolytic-based assays for the diagnosis of quantitative and/or qualitative PC deficiency states in human beings. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of Protac on the activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) of human, bovine, equine, and canine plasmas in order to determine the potential value of this venom extract as an activator in functional PC assays in these domestic animal species. As expected, Protac significantly prolonged the APTT of normal human plasma, but had no effect on plasma known to be devoid of PC. Clotting times were prolonged by 34%-214% with concentrations of venom activator ranging from 0.1-1.0 U/mL. Under identical conditions, Protac prolonged the APTT of equine plasma by 11%-98% over control times. Even more dramatic was the inhibitory effect of Protac on the clotting of bovine plasma, extending the APTT more than 3-fold at a venom concentration of 0.1 U/mL. At higher venom concentrations, most bovine plasmas remained unclotted after 300 s (control time 34.1 s). Under similar conditions, the canine APTT was unaffected by Protac, even when the venom concentration was increased to 3 U/mL. In order to determine the reason for the lack in response of canine plasma, the concentration of the APTT reagent was altered (decreased), exposure time of the plasma to the Protac was increased from 2 min to 9 min, and the plasma was diluted to assess for the potential existence of plasma PC inhibitors. Protac caused an unexpected shortening of the APTT when the contact activator reagent was diluted. Increasing the exposure time had no effect. Although a slight prolongation of the canine APTT was detected when the plasma was diluted, the presence of strong plasma PC inhibition was considered an unlikely cause of the lack of significant anticoagulant action. The failure of Protac to exert a strong inhibitory effect on the canine APTT, as well as to generate amidolytic activity, suggests that this venom extract does not stimulate the production of activated PC activity in canine plasma. This may result from molecular differences in the canine PC molecule that prevent the formation of the stoichiometric complex of venom extract, APTT reagent, and canine protein, a complex thought to be essential for the PC-activating function of Protac. Protac may be suitable as an activator of PC in bovine and equine plasmas; however, it appears ineffective in generating anticoagulant activity in canine plasma.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Structure-related echoes in ultrasonographic images of equine superficial digital flexor tendons
2000
Schie, H.T.M. van | Bakker, E.M.