Purpose. To estimate genetic resources collection of soft winter wheat plants (new collection accessions) of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production and select initial material for breeding of adaptive, productive and qualitative soft winter wheat varieties. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The authors pre- sented results of study of over 1000 samples of gene pool of soft winter wheat from 25 countries during 2001–2005 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine for a complex of economic traits. More than 400 new sources with high adaptive properties were selected that combine traits of high productivity and high quality of grain, early ripening, resistance to biotic and abiotic fac- tors (the assessment of samples for 16 valuable traits is given). The selected material comes from various agro-cli- matic zones, including zones of unsustainable agriculture. Conclusions. Recommended sources of traits that have breeding value will allow to enrich high-quality assortment of wheat and considerably accelerate breeding process du- ring development of new soft winter wheat varieties.

Purpose. To estimate genetic resources collection of soft winter wheat plants (new collection accessions) of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production and select initial material for breeding of adaptive, productive and qualitative soft winter wheat varieties. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The authors pre- sented results of study of over 1000 samples of gene pool of soft winter wheat from 25 countries during 2001–2005 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine for a complex of economic traits. More than 400 new sources with high adaptive properties were selected that combine traits of high productivity and high quality of grain, early ripening, resistance to biotic and abiotic fac- tors (the assessment of samples for 16 valuable traits is given). The selected material comes from various agro-cli- matic zones, including zones of unsustainable agriculture. Conclusions. Recommended sources of traits that have breeding value will allow to enrich high-quality assortment of wheat and considerably accelerate breeding process du- ring development of new soft winter wheat varieties.

Purpose. To study the influence of fractional composition of seed material on productive properties of spring rape seeds of the ‘Magnat’ variety and ‘MVM’ (‘Gladiator’) variety sample. Methods. Field investigations, laboratory tests, statistical analysis. Results. During 2013–2014, the influence of sown seeds of different size fractions (up to 2,5 g; 2,6–3,5 g; 3,6 g and more) on the indices of productivity of spring rape varie­ties was studied. It was found that over the years of study field germination of sown fractions of seeds in ‘Magnat’ variety averaged 83.5%, in ‘MSM’ variety sample – 86.7%. During the periods of seedling emergence and harvesting, the density of spring rape crops varied depending on relevant fraction of sown seeds. In the ‘Magnat’ variety, photosynthetic potential of crops ranged from 1.1 to 1.3 million m2/ha, in ‘MSM’ variety sample – from 1.2 to 1.6 million m2/ha. Depending on the seed fractions applied, ‘Magnat’ variety crops during the gro­wing season accumulated organic biomass from 2.05 to 2.36 g/m2 per day, ‘MSM’ sample variety – from 1.83 to 2.10 g/m2 per day. Conclusions. It was established that different fractions of spring rape seeds sown in the Northern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine affected the indices of germinating energy and laboratory germination, crop density formation, leaf surface area and intensity of photosynthesis process (crop photosynthetic potential, net photosynthesis performance). The highest indices of productivity and yield in the ‘Magnat’ variety was ensured by large-seeded fraction (3,6 g and more), in the ‘MVM’ (‘Gladia­tor’) sample variety – by small-seeded fraction (up to 2,5 g).

Purpose. To study the influence of fractional composition of seed material on productive properties of spring rape seeds of the ‘Magnat’ variety and ‘MVM’ (‘Gladiator’) variety sample. Methods. Field investigations, laboratory tests, statistical analysis. Results. During 2013–2014, the influence of sown seeds of different size fractions (up to 2,5 g; 2,6–3,5 g; 3,6 g and more) on the indices of productivity of spring rape varie­ties was studied. It was found that over the years of study field germination of sown fractions of seeds in ‘Magnat’ variety averaged 83.5%, in ‘MSM’ variety sample – 86.7%. During the periods of seedling emergence and harvesting, the density of spring rape crops varied depending on relevant fraction of sown seeds. In the ‘Magnat’ variety, photosynthetic potential of crops ranged from 1.1 to 1.3 million m2/ha, in ‘MSM’ variety sample – from 1.2 to 1.6 million m2/ha. Depending on the seed fractions applied, ‘Magnat’ variety crops during the gro­wing season accumulated organic biomass from 2.05 to 2.36 g/m2 per day, ‘MSM’ sample variety – from 1.83 to 2.10 g/m2 per day. Conclusions. It was established that different fractions of spring rape seeds sown in the Northern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine affected the indices of germinating energy and laboratory germination, crop density formation, leaf surface area and intensity of photosynthesis process (crop photosynthetic potential, net photosynthesis performance). The highest indices of productivity and yield in the ‘Magnat’ variety was ensured by large-seeded fraction (3,6 g and more), in the ‘MVM’ (‘Gladia­tor’) sample variety – by small-seeded fraction (up to 2,5 g).

Purpose. Studying and identifying winter wheat varieties that are resistant to causal agents of major diseases and pests. Methods. Laboratory analysis, field study. Results. On artificial infection backgrounds of causal agents such varieties as ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’, ‘Horlytsia Myronіvska’ have shown high level of resistance to brown rust; ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’ – to powdery mildew; ‘Smuhlianka’ – to covered smut. Varieties ‘Voloshkova’, ‘Yuviliar Myronivskyi’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Oberih Myronivskyi’, ‘Kolos Myronivschyny’, ‘Lehenda Myronivska’ had medium resistance to Septoria leaf blotch; ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Oberih Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’, ‘Horlytsia Myronіvska’, ‘Myronivska storichna’ – to Fusarium head blight; ‘Myronіvska 65’, ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Lehenda Myronivska’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’ – to root rots. Among the varieties studied, there were those with group resistance to diseases: ‘Voloshkova’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Yuviliar Myronivskyi’, ‘Oberih Myronivskyi’, ‘Bohdana’, ‘Myronivska storichna’, ‘Ekonomka’, ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’, ‘Horlytsia Myronіvska’, ‘Smuhlianka’. Varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat are distinguished by pest resistance. During autumn tillering phase of winter wheat the smallest number of large cereal aphids was observed in varieties ‘Smuhlianka’ and ‘Myronivska storichna’, leafhoppers – in varieties ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Yuviliar Myronivskyi’. The slight population of thrips in the phase of earing was marked in the variety ‘Kolos Myronivschyny’, in the milk-ripe stage the smallest number of larvae per ear was detected in varieties ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Voloshkova’, ‘Kolos Myronivschyny’. Varieties ‘Lehenda Myronivska’ and ‘Smuhlianka’ were proved to be resistant to damages of stems by sawflies. It should be noted that ‘Smuhlianka’ variety shows resistance to aphids, leafhoppers and grain sawflies. Conclusions. It was established that winter wheat varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Instutite of Wheat are characterized by resistance to certain causal agents, some of them – to their group. Varieties that are resistant to the most common and harmful phytophages were identified.

Purpose. Studying and identifying winter wheat varieties that are resistant to causal agents of major diseases and pests. Methods. Laboratory analysis, field study. Results. On artificial infection backgrounds of causal agents such varieties as ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’, ‘Horlytsia Myronіvska’ have shown high level of resistance to brown rust; ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’ – to powdery mildew; ‘Smuhlianka’ – to covered smut. Varieties ‘Voloshkova’, ‘Yuviliar Myronivskyi’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Oberih Myronivskyi’, ‘Kolos Myronivschyny’, ‘Lehenda Myronivska’ had medium resistance to Septoria leaf blotch; ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Oberih Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’, ‘Horlytsia Myronіvska’, ‘Myronivska storichna’ – to Fusarium head blight; ‘Myronіvska 65’, ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Lehenda Myronivska’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’ – to root rots. Among the varieties studied, there were those with group resistance to diseases: ‘Voloshkova’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Yuviliar Myronivskyi’, ‘Oberih Myronivskyi’, ‘Bohdana’, ‘Myronivska storichna’, ‘Ekonomka’, ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’, ‘Berehynia Myronіvska’, ‘Horlytsia Myronіvska’, ‘Smuhlianka’. Varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat are distinguished by pest resistance. During autumn tillering phase of winter wheat the smallest number of large cereal aphids was observed in varieties ‘Smuhlianka’ and ‘Myronivska storichna’, leafhoppers – in varieties ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Myrliena’, ‘Yuviliar Myronivskyi’. The slight population of thrips in the phase of earing was marked in the variety ‘Kolos Myronivschyny’, in the milk-ripe stage the smallest number of larvae per ear was detected in varieties ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Voloshkova’, ‘Kolos Myronivschyny’. Varieties ‘Lehenda Myronivska’ and ‘Smuhlianka’ were proved to be resistant to damages of stems by sawflies. It should be noted that ‘Smuhlianka’ variety shows resistance to aphids, leafhoppers and grain sawflies. Conclusions. It was established that winter wheat varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Instutite of Wheat are characterized by resistance to certain causal agents, some of them – to their group. Varieties that are resistant to the most common and harmful phytophages were identified.

Purpose. Selecting spring wheat lines with increased adaptive capacity. Methods. Field experiments, statistical evaluation. Results. Lines of spring soft wheat with better adaptive capacity were identified (‘Erythrospermum 13-39’, ‘Lutescens 11-16’, ‘Lutescens 05-24’, ‘Lutescens 10-36’) and spring durum wheat (‘Melanopus 10-02’ (biotype II), ‘Melanopus 10-02’, ‘Melanopus 10-03’, ‘Hordeiforme 12-12’). Spring soft wheat varieties ‘Zlata’, ‘Dubravka’, ‘Oksamyt Myronivskyi’, ‘Bozhena’ and spring durum wheat varieties ‘MIP Raiduzhna’, ‘Magdalena’ with increased adaptive capacity were passed for State variety testing. Conclusions. With regard to the analysis of parameters of yield capacity and its variability under the influence of changing environmental factors, soft and durum spring wheat lines with increased adaptive capacity were identified. The best spring wheat lines for general adaptive capacity were passed for State variety testing. Soft spring wheat variety ‘Zlata’ and durum spring wheat variety ‘MIP Raiduzhna’, in 2014, and such soft spring wheat varieties as ‘Dubravka’, ‘Oksamyt Myronivskyi’, ‘Bozhena’ and spring durum wheat variety ‘Magdalena’, in 2015, were passed for State variety testing.

Рurpose. To investigate inheritance of “plant height” trait in populations of the first (F1) and second (F2) generations of the soybean (Glucine max (L.) Merrill) and evaluate hybrid combinations in order to identify phenotypes with the highest level of heterosis for plant height. Methods. Laboratory test, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. The inheritance of plant height in soybean was investigated. Hybrid combinations were assessed for the ability to select phenotypes with an optimal height. Different types of inheritance of this trait were found in populations of the second generation. The highest degree of heterosis for plant height was expressed by such soybean hybrids of the second generation as ‘АЕЕМ ’/‘Cherniatka’ (102.6%), next were ‘№ 427/‘Коrado’ (36,1%) and ‘Yelena’/‘Vizhion’ (32,0%). For the above trait, the ‘Legend’ variety in combinations with such varieties as ‘Staroukrainka’, ‘Korado’ and ‘Medeia’ expressed a heterosis amounting to 28.1%, 8.3%, 6.1% accordingly. Plant height was inherited mainly in terms of negative overdominance (34.2% combinations). There were 21.1% of combinations that had a negative semidominance. Conclusions. Among large majority of crossing combinations, forms were revealed that differed greatly for the plant height. The highest variability was observed in combinations such as ‘Legenda’/‘Korado’, ‘Ustia’/‘Vizjion’, ‘№894’/‘Vizjion’, ‘Ug-30’/‘Vizjion’, ‘Legenda’/‘Annushka’, ‘№441’/‘Gentleman’, ‘№441’/‘Vizjion’, ‘Yug-30’/‘Gentleman’, ‘Angelica’/‘Annushka’ and ‘Angelica’/‘Gentleman.

Purpose. Comparative studies of the photosynthetic apparatus of winter wheat varieties of modern and earlier breeding in the relation to their productivity. Methods. Field, pot experiment, biometrical, gas analysis, analytical and statistical ones. Results. It is found that the modern high-yielding winter wheat varieties have a higher rate of flag leaf photosynthesis during generative period of development, particularly at grain filling period, improved ability to store assimilates in stem and effectively use them later for grain growth. The modern varieties form crop canopy with greater leaf area and chlorophyll indexes and larger photosynthetic capacity and maintain functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus longer at the end of the growing season. Conclusions. The superiority for grain productivity of modern high-yielding wheat varieties, originated from the Institute of Plant Physio­logy and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, over varieties released before the “green revolution”, results from increased capacity and durability of functioning the crop photosynthetic apparatus, higher CO2 assimilation rate and optimization of source-sink relations in whole plant.

Цель. Установить наиболее эффективные индексные показатели для определения селекционной ценности генотипов пшеницы яровой.Методы. Полевой, статистический. Определяли индекс перспективности – IР, финно-скандинавский индекс – FSI, мексиканский – MI, белоцерковский – БI, полтавский – РI, линейной плотнос­ти колоса – ЛЩК, плотности колоса – ЩК.Результаты. В период проведения исследований погодные условия отличались от средних многолетних показателей по температурному режиму, количеству атмосферных осадков и их распределению по месяцам. Оптимальные условия вегетационного периода сложились в 2016 г. (ГТК = 1,1), недостаточным уровнем влажности характеризовался 2017 г. (ГТК = 0,2). Это дало возможность установить селекционные индексы для различных условий выращивания пшеницы мягкой и твердой яровой. Анализ полученных данных показал, что IР варьировал как у разных сортов, так и по годам, что свидетельствует о различной реакции генотипов на условия вегетации, сложившиеся в годы выращивания. Высоким показателем FSI характеризовались сорта пшеницы твердой – ‘Славута’ и мягкой яровой – ‘Струна мироновская’. К сортам пшеницы твердой с высоким уровнем МІ отнесены: ‘МИП Магдалена’, ‘МИП Радужная’, ‘Кучумовка’, ‘Харьковская 41’ и мягкой яровой – ‘МИП Злата’, ‘Оксамыт мироновский’, ‘Струна мироновская’, ‘Элегия мироновская’. Самые высокие показатели ЛПК и БІ сорта пшеницы яровой сформировали в 2016 г. РІ был в пределах от 2,3 до 4,5 у сортов пшеницы твердой и от 2,2 до 6,4 – мягкой яровой. Важным в селекции является использование селекционных индексов, которые необходимо включать на основании признаков, имеющих достоверную корреляционную связь с показателями урожайности. Наиболее эффективными для сортов пшеницы твердой яровой в оптимальный год увлажнения (2016) оказались индексы ЩК (r = 0,53±0,08), БІ (r = 0,42±0,08), МІ (r = 0,41±0,08), для мягкой в 2016 и 2017 гг. – РІ (r = 0,39±0,07; r = 0,34±0,07 соответственно). По комплексу селекционных индексов выделены такие сор­та пшеницы мягкой яровой: ‘Струна мироновская’, ‘Симкода мироновская’, ‘МИП Злата’ и твердой: ‘МИП Магдалена’, ‘МИП Райдужная’, ‘Славута’, ‘Кучумовка’.Выводы. Наиболее эффективными для сортов пшеницы твердой яровой были индексы ЩК, БІ, МІ, для мягкой – РІ. Выделенные сорта пшеницы яровой характеризовались оптимальным соотношением исследуемых признаков. | Purpose. To establish the most effective index figures for determination of breeding value of spring wheat genotypes.Methods. Field and statistical ones. Index of prospectivity – IP, Finno-Scandinavian index – FSI, Mexican index – MI, Bila Tserkva index – BI, Poltava index – PI, index of spike linear density – ISLD, index of spike density – ISD were defined.Results. During the investigation period, weather conditions differed from the long-term average annual indices for temperature regime, amount of precipitation and its distribution by month. Conditions of the growing season was the most favorable in 2016 (HTC = 1.1), insufficient level of humidity was specific for 2017 (HTC = 0.2). This allowed to define breeding indices for the soft wheat and spring durum wheat growing under different conditions. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the IP varied both in varieties and over the years, that indicated a various response of genotypes to vegetation conditions that existed during the growing years. Varieties of durum wheat ‘Slavuta’ and soft spring wheat ‘Struna myronivska’ were characterized by the high FSI. Such durum wheat varieties as ‘MIP Magdalena’, ‘MIP Raiduzhna’, ‘Kuchumivka’, ‘Kharkivska 41’, as well as the following soft spring varieties as ‘MIP Zlata’, ‘Oksamyt myronivskyi’, ‘Struna myronivska’, ‘Elehiya myronivska’ had a high level of MI. The spring wheat varieties have the highest indices of LSD and BI in 2016. IP during the investigation period was ranging from 2.3 to 4.5 in durum wheat varieties and from 2.2 to 6.4 in soft spring wheat. In breeding, it is important to use breeding indices, which should be included on the basis of traits that have a reliable correlation with yield index. SD indices (r = 0.53±0.08), BI (r = 0.42±0.08), MI (r = 0.41±0.08) were the most effective for durum spring wheat varieties in the year to be the best for humidification (2016), while PI (r = 0.39±0.07; r = 0.34±0.07 respectively) was the most effective for the soft wheat in 2016 and 2017. For the complex of breeding indices, the varieties of soft spring wheat (‘Struna myronivska’, ‘Simkoda myronivska’, ‘MIP Zlata’) and durum (MIP Mahdalena’, ‘MIP Raiduzhna’, ‘Slavuta’, ‘Kuchumivka’) were defined.Conclusions. The indices SD, BI, MI were the most effective for durum spring wheat varieties and PI – for soft wheat. Selected spring wheat varieties showed the optimum ratio between investigated traits. | Мета. Встановити найефективніші індексні показники для визначення селекційної цінності генотипів пшениці ярої.Методи. Польовий, статистичний. Визначали індекс перспективності – ІР, фіно-скандинавський індекс – FSI, мексиканський – MI, білоцерківський – БІ, полтавський – РІ, лінійної щільності колоса – ЛЩК, щільності колоса – ЩК.Результати. Протягом періоду досліджень погодні умови відрізнялись від середніх багаторічних показників за температурним режимом, кількістю атмосферних опадів та їх розподілом по місяцях. Оптимальні умови вегетаційного періоду склалися у 2016 р. (ГТК = 1,1), недостатнім рівнем вологості характеризувався 2017 р. (ГТК = 0,2). Це дало змогу встановити селекційні індекси для різних умов вирощування пшениці м’якої та твердої ярої. Аналіз отриманих даних показав, що ІР варіював як у різних сортів, так і за роками, що свідчить про різну реакцію генотипів на умови вегетації, які склались у роки вирощування. Високим показником FSI характеризувалися сорти пшениці твердої – ‘Славута’ та м’якої ярої – ‘Струна миронівська’. До сортів пшениці твердої із високим рівнем МІ віднесено: ‘МІП Магдалена’, ‘МІП Райдужна’, ‘Кучумівка’, ‘Харківська 41’, а до м’якої ярої – ‘МІП Злата’, ‘Оксамит миронівський’, ‘Струна миронівська’, ‘Елегія миронівська’. Найвищі показники ЛЩК та БІ сорти пшениці ярої сформували у 2016 р. РІ за період проведених досліджень був у межах від 2,3 до 4,5 у сортів пшениці твердої та від 2,2 до 6,4 – м’якої ярої. Важливим у селекції є використання селекційних індексів, які необхідно включати на підставі ознак, що мають достовірний кореляційний зв’язок з показниками врожайності. Найефективнішими для сортів пшениці твердої ярої в оптимальний рік зволоження (2016) виявились індекси ЩК (r = 0,53±0,08), БІ (r = 0,42±0,08), МІ (r = 0,41±0,08), для м’якої у 2016 і 2017 рр. – РІ (r = 0,39±0,07; r = 0,34±0,07 відповідно). За комплексом селекційних індексів виділено такі сорти пшениці м’якої ярої: ‘Струна миронівська’, ‘Сімкода миронівська’, ‘МІП Злата’ та твердої: ‘МІП Магдалена’, ‘МІП Райдужна’, ‘Славута’, ‘Кучумівка’.Висновки. Найбільш ефективними для сортів пшениці твердої ярої були індекси ЩК, БІ, МІ, для м’якої – РІ. Виділені сорти пшениці ярої характеризувались оптимальним співвідношенням досліджуваних ознак.

Purpose. Assessment and selection of self-pollinated S5 maize (Zea mays L.) families with high combining ability and wide adaptive capacity obtained on the basis of specially produced hybrids by crossing elite lines of various genetic plasms with the best main agronomic characters. Methods. Field studies, mathematico-statistical evaluation. Results. An amplitude of grain yield ranging from 5.96–10.96 t/ha (x = 8.44 t/ha) in 2013 to 2.67–7.59 t/ha (x = 5.08 t/ha) in 2014 was determined in the course of study of the testcrosses of self-pollinated S5 families. It was found that different response of genotypes of the studied testcrosses to the year conditions significantly affected the average yield level, which decreased in the stressful 2014 by 3.4 t/ha as compared to 2013. The results of the assessment based on the general and specific combining ability of new parent material of mixed germplasm were shown. A significant variability of the estimates of GCA (general combining ability) effects depending on the year conditions was observed in the course of study. A marked difference in the estimates of GCA effects based on the grain yield was revealed. They were persistently high in 19% of the best self-pollinated families in both years, 14% of the families had persistently low estimates of GCA effects, 67% changed their value depending on the genotype and year conditions. Conclusions. 17 best self-pollinated families with persistently high estimates of GCA, 6 families featuring high tolerance to drought and 4 families with persistently high variances of SCA were selected. The selected families will be used as a parent material in selection programs aimed to create new high performance hybrids.

Мета. Дослідити формування продуктивності сорту сої культурної ‘Говерла’ за використання різних елементів технології вирощування. Методи. Польові, лабораторні, статистичні (розрахунково­порівняльний, математично­статистичний). Результати. Встановлено ефективність весняного чизелювання за вирощування сої культурної сорту ‘Говерла’ в ґрунтово­кліматичних умовах Прикарпаття. Відзначено позитивний вплив досліджуваних способів обробітку ґрунту на фітосанітарний стан посівів. Зокрема, поєднання зяблевої оранки з весняним чизелюванням за внесення мінеральних добрив N30P30K30 та дворазового позакореневого обприскування посівів регулятором росту зумовило підвищення конкурентоздатності рослин проти бур’янів та знизило чисельність останніх на 46,2%, як порівняти з контролем. Виконання вищевказаних дій також сприяло збільшенню врожайності до 2,48 т/га, або на 57,0%, у середньому за три роки. Водночас зріс вихід кормових одиниць та перетравного протеїну – на 1,35 і 0,3 т/га відповідно. Висновки. Весняне чизелювання разом із зяблевою оранкою та раціональним поєднанням у системі удобрення побічної продукції попередника, запропонованих доз мінеральних добрив і регулятора росту в умовах Прикарпаття сприяли зниженню забур’яненості посівів на 46,2% та підвищенню врожайності сорту сої культурної ‘Говерла’ на 57,0%. | Purpose. To study the formation of the productivity of the ‘Hoverla’ soybean variety using different elements of cultivation technology.  Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical (calculation­comparative, mathematical­statistical). Results. The effectiveness of spring chisel ploughing for the cultivation of the soyabean variety ‘Hoverla’ in the soil and climatic conditions of the  Prykarpattia region was established. The positive effect of the studied tillage methods on the phytosanitary condition of the crop was noted. In particular, the combination of autumn ploughing and spring chisel ploughing with the application of N30P30K30 mineral fertiliser and double foliar spraying of crops with a growth regulator led to an increase in the competitiveness of plants against weeds and reduced the number of weeds by 46.2% compared to the control. The implementation of the above measures also contributed to an increase in yield to 2.48 t/ha, or 57.0% on average over three years. At the same time, the yield of forage units and digestible protein increased by 1.35 and 0.3 t/ha respectively. Conclusions. Spring chisel ploughing, together with autumn ploughing and a rational combination of the predecessor’s by­products, the proposed doses of mineral fertiliser and growth regulator in the conditions of the Prykarpattia region, helped to reduce the weediness of crops by 46.2% and increase the yield of the ‘Ho­verla’ soybean variety by 57.0%.

Purpose. Studying variety samples of winter triticale of various ecological and geographical origin for revealing polymorphism of the culture for its susceptibility to pathogenic complex of Fusarium head blight and defining high-yielding and resistant to diseases varieties that later can be put into the production and breeding process. Methods. Field experiments, statistical evaluation. Results. It was defined that the development of Fusarium head blight in different variety samples of winter triticale depends on the hydrothermal conditions and genotype of the host-plant. Resistance of varieties and hybrids to the disease was partial, and no immune samples were found among the analyzed ones. The following varieties proved to be tolerant to Fusarium head blight: ‘Granat’, ‘Zorro’, ‘Obrii Myronivskyi’. The positive correlation between the development of Fusarium head blight and root rot of winter triticale was found. It was determined that in the pathogenic complex of Fusarium head blight the amount of the following pathogens is increasing: Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. аvenaceum and F. poae. Conclusions. The leading varieties that combine high yields and resistance to Fusarium head blight are as follows: ‘Obrii Myronivskyi’, ‘ADM 8’, ‘Yuvileine Volynske’, ‘Yukon’, ‘Zorro’, ‘Tsekad 90’, ‘Zerniatko’, ‘Legion’ and ‘Rarytet’. These varieties should be involved in the selection process to breed the hybrids with the augmented resistance to the disease and high yields.

Purpose. Studying variety samples of winter triticale of various ecological and geographical origin for revealing polymorphism of the culture for its susceptibility to pathogenic complex of Fusarium head blight and defining high-yielding and resistant to diseases varieties that later can be put into the production and breeding process. Methods. Field experiments, statistical evaluation. Results. It was defined that the development of Fusarium head blight in different variety samples of winter triticale depends on the hydrothermal conditions and genotype of the host-plant. Resistance of varieties and hybrids to the disease was partial, and no immune samples were found among the analyzed ones. The following varieties proved to be tolerant to Fusarium head blight: ‘Granat’, ‘Zorro’, ‘Obrii Myronivskyi’. The positive correlation between the development of Fusarium head blight and root rot of winter triticale was found. It was determined that in the pathogenic complex of Fusarium head blight the amount of the following pathogens is increasing: Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. аvenaceum and F. poae. Conclusions. The leading varieties that combine high yields and resistance to Fusarium head blight are as follows: ‘Obrii Myronivskyi’, ‘ADM 8’, ‘Yuvileine Volynske’, ‘Yukon’, ‘Zorro’, ‘Tsekad 90’, ‘Zerniatko’, ‘Legion’ and ‘Rarytet’. These varieties should be involved in the selection process to breed the hybrids with the augmented resistance to the disease and high yields.

Purpose. To create a multiplex system for identification glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet by using PCR. Methods. Molecular genetic analysis. Results. The article presents the results of studies to determine the parameters of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to develop a multiplex system for identification of the structural elements of the design of transgenic gene cp 4 epsps, which provides tole­rance to glyphosate. For amplicon target DNA sequences, the following values of temperature conditions of PCR were determined: step 1 (initial denaturation) 95 °C – 3 min; step 2 (specific reaction products accumulation): denaturation 95 °C – 45 s; hybridization of primers 55 °C – 50 s; elongation 72 °C – 1 min; number of cycles – 40; step 3 (final elongation) 72 °C – 6 min. A series of PCR were carried out for the purpose of selecting the optimal amount of DNA matrix for efficient estimate of transgenic sugar beet plants for the presence of specific sequences. Conclusions. To identify transgenic glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet, it is advisable to determine 35S promoter and gene cp 4 epsps in individual genotypes. It was found that during the selection of temperature parameters of multiplex reaction a 5 °C rise in primer hybridization temperature did not affect the identification of gene als that allowed to include specific primers for determination of this sequence as an internal control. Based on the results of test multiplex reactions, concentrations of dNTPs and Mg2+ ions were determined that allowed to exclude the possibility of non-specific fragments and false-negative results. The optimum amount of matrix DNA (100–150 ng) for an efficient estimate of transgenic sugar beet plants for the presence of specific sequences was determined. Obtained results allowed to develop a multiplex test system for identification of transgenic glyphosate-to­lerant sugar beet which can be used for simultaneous determination of the 35S promoter, cp 4 epsps gene and als gene as an internal reaction control.

Purpose. To create a multiplex system for identification glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet by using PCR. Methods. Molecular genetic analysis. Results. The article presents the results of studies to determine the parameters of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to develop a multiplex system for identification of the structural elements of the design of transgenic gene cp 4 epsps, which provides tole­rance to glyphosate. For amplicon target DNA sequences, the following values of temperature conditions of PCR were determined: step 1 (initial denaturation) 95 °C – 3 min; step 2 (specific reaction products accumulation): denaturation 95 °C – 45 s; hybridization of primers 55 °C – 50 s; elongation 72 °C – 1 min; number of cycles – 40; step 3 (final elongation) 72 °C – 6 min. A series of PCR were carried out for the purpose of selecting the optimal amount of DNA matrix for efficient estimate of transgenic sugar beet plants for the presence of specific sequences. Conclusions. To identify transgenic glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet, it is advisable to determine 35S promoter and gene cp 4 epsps in individual genotypes. It was found that during the selection of temperature parameters of multiplex reaction a 5 °C rise in primer hybridization temperature did not affect the identification of gene als that allowed to include specific primers for determination of this sequence as an internal control. Based on the results of test multiplex reactions, concentrations of dNTPs and Mg2+ ions were determined that allowed to exclude the possibility of non-specific fragments and false-negative results. The optimum amount of matrix DNA (100–150 ng) for an efficient estimate of transgenic sugar beet plants for the presence of specific sequences was determined. Obtained results allowed to develop a multiplex test system for identification of transgenic glyphosate-to­lerant sugar beet which can be used for simultaneous determination of the 35S promoter, cp 4 epsps gene and als gene as an internal reaction control.

Purpose. Review of the main achievements of the Wheat Breeding and Seed ProductionDepartment in the Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute – National Centre of Seed and Cultivar Investigation in the developing theoretical principles of breeding and creation of winter wheat varieties of different types during 100-year (1916–2016) period of breeding programs realization. Results. The main theoretical, methodical developments and breeding achievements of Wheat Breeding and Seed Production Department during 100-year (1916–2016) history have been considered. In the course of the Department activity, the research and metho­dology grounds of bread winter wheat breeding and seed production have been laid, 9 stages of breeding programs development have been accomplished. As a result, more than 130 varieties of different types have been created, 87 of them have been released in some periods or registered in the State registers of plants varieties of Ukraine and other countries and grown in the total sowing area about 220 million hectares.

Мета. Визначення генетичних ефектів ПЖТ 1AL.1RS і 1ВL.1RS на врожайність, елементи продуктивності рослин та показники якості рекомбінантних ліній, установлення ефективності використання кожної з ПЖТ для створення досконаліших за цими ознаками сортів пшениці м’якої озимої в умовах ґрунтово-повітряних посух у степовій зоні України та розроблення селекційних заходівів зменшення негативних ефектів транслокацій для отримання генотипів з високими показниками якості зерна цінної і сильної пшениці. Методи. Польові експерименти, внутрішньовидова гібридизація, оцінювання селекційного матеріалу в польових умовах, методи лабораторного визначення показників хлібопекарських якостей зерна, електрофорез запасних білків, статистичні. Результати. У посушливих умовах Півдня України на великому експериментальному матеріалі селекційного процесу виявлено позитивний вплив ПЖТ 1AL.1RS на врожайність рекомбінантних ліній та основні елементи продуктивності рослин, що проявляється на фоні одночасного позитивного ефекту цієї транслокації на посухо- й жаростійкість. Використання в селекції пшениці ПЖТ 1ВL.1RS у цьому регіоні є менш перспективним заходом. Установлено, що введення шляхом гібридизації в місцевий генофонд пшениці м’якої озимої пшенично-житніх транслокацій 1АL.1RS та 1ВL.1RS змінює показники якості зерна. Зокрема, вміст білка, зазвичай, має тенденцію до підвищення, при цьому він суттєвіше зростає завдяки транслокації 1ВL.1RS. Показано, що частота отримання рекомбінантних ліній, які поєднують високу врожайність та мають добрі хлібопекарські властивості не нижче цінних і сильних пшениць, досить низька (1,7–6,1%). Однак, переваги за цим показником мають інтрогресивні лінії з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Використовуючи комбінування в процесі гібридизації ПЖТ з алелями з високим позитивним впливом на хлібопекарські властивості, а також створюючи гетерогенність у складі генотипів з ПЖТ і без них, можна спрямовано зменшувати негативний вплив ПЖТ на якість зерна пшениці м’якої озимої і створювати сорти з параметрами якості цінних і сильних пшениць. Висновки. Отримані результати дають підстави стверджувати, що використання ПЖТ 1AL.1RS є перспективним напрямом подальшого селекційного нарощування генетичного потенціалу врожайності сортів пшениці м’якої озимої в посушливих умовах Півдня України. У результаті повного циклу селекційного процесу на матеріалі з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS, створена серія сортів пшениці м’якої озимої – ‘Житниця одеська’, ‘Октава одеська’, ‘Ліга одеська’, ‘Дума одеська’, ‘Версія одеська’, які забезпечують підвищення врожайності на 10–15% порівняно зі стандартами та занесені до Державних реєстрів сортів рослин України та Молдови.

Мета. Визначення генетичних ефектів ПЖТ 1AL.1RS і 1ВL.1RS на врожайність, елементи продуктивності рослин та показники якості рекомбінантних ліній, установлення ефективності використання кожної з ПЖТ для створення досконаліших за цими ознаками сортів пшениці м’якої озимої в умовах ґрунтово-повітряних посух у степовій зоні України та розроблення селекційних заходівів зменшення негативних ефектів транслокацій для отримання генотипів з високими показниками якості зерна цінної і сильної пшениці. Методи. Польові експерименти, внутрішньовидова гібридизація, оцінювання селекційного матеріалу в польових умовах, методи лабораторного визначення показників хлібопекарських якостей зерна, електрофорез запасних білків, статистичні. Результати. У посушливих умовах Півдня України на великому експериментальному матеріалі селекційного процесу виявлено позитивний вплив ПЖТ 1AL.1RS на врожайність рекомбінантних ліній та основні елементи продуктивності рослин, що проявляється на фоні одночасного позитивного ефекту цієї транслокації на посухо- й жаростійкість. Використання в селекції пшениці ПЖТ 1ВL.1RS у цьому регіоні є менш перспективним заходом. Установлено, що введення шляхом гібридизації в місцевий генофонд пшениці м’якої озимої пшенично-житніх транслокацій 1АL.1RS та 1ВL.1RS змінює показники якості зерна. Зокрема, вміст білка, зазвичай, має тенденцію до підвищення, при цьому він суттєвіше зростає завдяки транслокації 1ВL.1RS. Показано, що частота отримання рекомбінантних ліній, які поєднують високу врожайність та мають добрі хлібопекарські властивості не нижче цінних і сильних пшениць, досить низька (1,7–6,1%). Однак, переваги за цим показником мають інтрогресивні лінії з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Використовуючи комбінування в процесі гібридизації ПЖТ з алелями з високим позитивним впливом на хлібопекарські властивості, а також створюючи гетерогенність у складі генотипів з ПЖТ і без них, можна спрямовано зменшувати негативний вплив ПЖТ на якість зерна пшениці м’якої озимої і створювати сорти з параметрами якості цінних і сильних пшениць. Висновки. Отримані результати дають підстави стверджувати, що використання ПЖТ 1AL.1RS є перспективним напрямом подальшого селекційного нарощування генетичного потенціалу врожайності сортів пшениці м’якої озимої в посушливих умовах Півдня України. У результаті повного циклу селекційного процесу на матеріалі з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS, створена серія сортів пшениці м’якої озимої – ‘Житниця одеська’, ‘Октава одеська’, ‘Ліга одеська’, ‘Дума одеська’, ‘Версія одеська’, які забезпечують підвищення врожайності на 10–15% порівняно зі стандартами та занесені до Державних реєстрів сортів рослин України та Молдови. | Purpose. To determine the genetic effects of WRT 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS on the yield, plant productivity elements and quality indices of recombinant lines, to determine the effectiveness of using each of the WRT for creating more perfect varieties of soft winter wheat in these traits under soil-air drought in the steppe zone of Ukraine and development of breeding techniques to reduce the negative effects of translocation to produce genotypes with high quality indices of valuable and strong wheat grain. Methods. Field experiments, intraspecific hybridization, evaluation of breeding material in the field, methods of laboratory determination of baking quality indices of grain, electrophoresis of spare proteins, statistical. Results. Under arid conditions of the South of Ukraine on the large experimental material of breeding process, a positive effect of 1AL.1RS on the yield of recombinant lines and the main elements of plant productivity were determined, which was manifested against the background of simultaneous positive effect of this transposition on the drought and heat tolerance. The use of 1BL.1RS in wheat breeding in this region is less promising technique. It has been determined that introduction of 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS translocations into local gene pool of soft winter wheat by hybridization changes the grain quality indices. In particular, the protein content tends to increase more significantly under the influence of 1BL.1RS translocation. It has been shown that the frequency of obtaining recombinant lines which combine high yield and sufficient level of baking properties (not lower than valuable and strong wheat) is quite low (1,7–6,1%), but introgressive lines with 1AL.1RS have the advantages in this parameter. Using such genetic factors as hybridization combining WRT with alleles with high positive effect on baking properties, and also creating heterogeneity in the composition of genotypes with and without WRT, one can purposefully reduce the negative impact of WRT on the quality of soft winter wheat grain and create varieties with quality parameters of valuable and strong wheat. Conclusions. In general, the results achieved give reason to assert that the use of WRT 1AL.1RS is a promising direction for further breeding increase of genetic capacity of soft winter wheat varieties in the arid conditions of the South of Ukraine. As a result of full cycle of breeding process on the material with 1AL.1RS WRT a series of varieties of soft winter wheat ‘Zhytnytsia odeska’, ‘Oktava odeska’, ‘Liha odeska’, ‘Duma odeska’, ‘Versiia odeska’, providing 10 – 15% increase in yield to standards was created and included in the State Register of Ukraine and Moldova.

The morphological and agrobiological characteristics and qualities, the potential of the new registered winter wheat varieties, which are suitable for intensive technologies have been learned.

The new rules formulated in Article 59 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) will cause numerous, often undesirable, name changes, when only phylogenetically defined clades are named. Our task is to name fungal taxa and not just clades. Two suggestions are made here that may help to alleviate some disadvantages of the new system. (1) Officially an epithet coined in a list-demoted genus that is older than the oldest one available in the list-accepted genus would have to be recombined in the accepted genus. We recommend that individual authors and committees establishing lists of protected names should generally not recombine older epithets from a demoted genus into the accepted genus, when another one from pre-2013 is available in that genus. (2) Because the concepts of correlated teleomorph and anamorph genera are often incongruent, enforced congruence leads to a loss of information. Retaining the most suitable generic name is imperative, even when this is subordinated to another, list-accepted, generic name. Some kind of cryptic dual generic nomenclature is bound to persist. We therefore strongly recommend the retention of binomials in genera where they are most informative. With these recommendations, the upheaval of fungal nomenclature ensuing from the loss of the former Art. 59 can be reduced to an unavoidable minimum.

Purpose. Review of the main achievements of the Wheat Breeding and Seed ProductionDepartment in the Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute – National Centre of Seed and Cultivar Investigation in the developing theoretical principles of breeding and creation of winter wheat varieties of different types during 100-year (1916–2016) period of breeding programs realization. Results. The main theoretical, methodical developments and breeding achievements of Wheat Breeding and Seed Production Department during 100-year (1916–2016) history have been considered. In the course of the Department activity, the research and metho­dology grounds of bread winter wheat breeding and seed production have been laid, 9 stages of breeding programs development have been accomplished. As a result, more than 130 varieties of different types have been created, 87 of them have been released in some periods or registered in the State registers of plants varieties of Ukraine and other countries and grown in the total sowing area about 220 million hectares.