This paper presents the results of molecular studies on testing and evaluation of multiplex test systems for the genetically modified organisms’ (GMOs) identification by PCR in real time. For the detection of genetic modifications in plants of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae) screening of major regulatory sequences is insufficient, as in genetic engineering manipulations 35S promoter – of DNA-containing cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is used, which presence in the test material can lead to false positive results. In this work the feasibility of testing for the presence of viral CaMV’s DNA and analysis of screened gene sequences of interest for the usage during the analysis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) samples. It was established that the analysis of the presence/absence of a positive result for the CaMV 35S promoter is not giving complete answers to the absence of GMO in the sample. The appropriateness of GMO’s screening in rape seeds with NOS terminator and genes of interest.

This paper presents the results of molecular studies on testing and evaluation of multiplex test systems for the genetically modified organisms’ (GMOs) identification by PCR in real time. For the detection of genetic modifications in plants of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae) screening of major regulatory sequences is insufficient, as in genetic engineering manipulations 35S promoter – of DNA-containing cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is used, which presence in the test material can lead to false positive results. In this work the feasibility of testing for the presence of viral CaMV’s DNA and analysis of screened gene sequences of interest for the usage during the analysis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) samples. It was established that the analysis of the presence/absence of a positive result for the CaMV 35S promoter is not giving complete answers to the absence of GMO in the sample. The appropriateness of GMO’s screening in rape seeds with NOS terminator and genes of interest.

This paper presents the results of molecular studies on testing and evaluation of multiplex test systems for the genetically modified organisms’ (GMOs) identification by PCR in real time. For the detection of genetic modifications in plants of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae) screening of major regulatory sequences is insufficient, as in genetic engineering manipulations 35S promoter – of DNA-containing cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is used, which presence in the test material can lead to false positive results. In this work the feasibility of testing for the presence of viral CaMV’s DNA and analysis of screened gene sequences of interest for the usage during the analysis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) samples. It was established that the analysis of the presence/absence of a positive result for the CaMV 35S promoter is not giving complete answers to the absence of GMO in the sample. The appropriateness of GMO’s screening in rape seeds with NOS terminator and genes of interest. | Приведены результаты молекулярно-биологических исследований по апробации и оценке мультиплексных тест-систем для идентификации генетически модифицированных организмов (ГМО) с помощью ПЦР в реальном времени. Для обнаружения генетических модификаций в растениях семейства капустных (Brassicaceae) скрининг основных регуляторных последовательностей является недостаточно точным, поскольку в генно-инженерных манипуляциях используется 35S промотор ДНК-содержащего вируса мозаики цветной капусты (CaMV), наличие которого в исследуемом материале может привести к получению ложно положительных результатов. В процессе работы исследовали целесообразность теста на наличие ДНК вируса CaMV и скрининговых последовательностей генов интереса для использования их при анализе исследуемых образцов семян рапса (Brassica napus L.). Установлено, что анализ наличия/отсутствия CaMV при положительном результате по 35S промотору не дает исчерпывающего ответа об отсутствии ГМО в образце. Обоснована целесообразность скрининга ГМО в семенном материале рапса проводить по NOS терминатору и генам интереса. | Наведено результати молекулярно-біологічних досліджень з апробації та оцінки мультиплексних тест-систем для ідентифікації генетично модифікованих організмів (ГМО) за допомогою полімеразної ланцюгової реакції (ПЛР) у реальному часі. Для виявлення генетичних модифікацій у рослинах родини хрестоцвітих (Brassicaceae) недостатнім є скринінг основних регуляторних послідовностей, оскільки в генно-інженерних маніпуляціях використовується 35S промотор ДНК-умісного вірусу мозаїки цвітної капусти (CaMV), наявність якого в досліджуваному матеріалі може призвести до отримання хибно позитивних результатів. Досліджено доцільність тесту на наявність ДНК-вірусу CaMV та аналізу скринінгових послідовностей генів інтересу для їхнього використання під час аналізу досліджуваних зразків насіння ріпака (Brassica napus L.). Встановлено, що аналіз наявності / відсутності CaMV за позитивного результату по 35S промотору не дає вичерпної відповіді стосовно відсутності ГМО у досліджуваному зразку. Обґрунтовано доцільність скринінгу ГМО у насінному матеріалі ріпака проводити за NOS термінатором і генами інтересу.

Наведено результати досліджень впливу строків сівби та глибини загортання насіння на фотосинтетичну продуктивність посівів сорго цукрового сорту Силосне 42 в умовах центральної частини Лісостепу України. Зокрема, наведено дані стосовно площі асиміляційної поверхні листків рослин, фотосинтетичного потенціалу, чистої продуктивності фотосинтезу, а також дані двофакторного дисперсійного аналізу. Встановлено, що у разі сівби сорго цукрового в другій декаді травня (третій строк сівби) на глибину загортання насіння 4–6 см рослини розвивались краще, і за цих умов отримано максимальні значення показників фотосинтетичної продуктивності порівняно з іншими варіантами досліджень. Тому ми рекомендуємо третій строк сівби та глибину загортання насіння 4–6 см для вирощування цієї культури в зазначеній зоні

There are the results of study aimed at determining influence of seeding time and depth on the photosynthetic productivity of sweet sorghum plantings of Sylosne 42 variety in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In particular, data regarding leaf assimilating area, photosynthetic potential, net productivity of photosynthesis as well as results of two-way analysis of variance are shown. It was found that in case of sweet sorghum seeding in the second ten-day period of May (the third seeding term) to the depth of 4–6 cm plants were developing better. Under these conditions, the maximum values of photosynthetic productivity compared to other study variants were obtained. For that reason, the third seeding term and seed placement depth of 4–6 cm are recommended for growing this crop in  the above area. | Приведены результаты исследований влияния сроков сева и глубины заделки семян на фотосинтетическую продуктивность посевов сорго сахарного сорта Силосное 42 в условиях центральной части Лесостепи Украины. В частности, представлены данные относительно площади ассимиляционной поверхности листьев растений, фотосинтетического потенциала, чистой продуктивности фотосинтеза, а также данные двухфакторного дисперсионного анализа. Установлено, что при севе сорго сахарного во второй декаде мая (третий срок сева) на глубину заделки семян 4–6 см растения развивались лучше, и при этих условиях получены максимальные значения показателей фотосинтетической продуктивности по сравнению с другими вариантами исследований. Поэтому мы рекомендуем третий срок сева и глубину заделки семян 4–6 см для выращивания данной культуры в  указанной зоне | Наведено результати досліджень впливу строків сівби та глибини загортання насіння на фотосинтетичну продуктивність посівів сорго цукрового сорту Силосне 42 в умовах центральної частини Лісостепу України. Зокрема, наведено дані стосовно площі асиміляційної поверхні листків рослин, фотосинтетичного потенціалу, чистої продуктивності фотосинтезу, а також дані двофакторного дисперсійного аналізу. Встановлено, що у разі сівби сорго цукрового в другій декаді травня (третій строк сівби) на глибину загортання насіння 4–6 см рослини розвивались краще, і за цих умов отримано максимальні значення показників фотосинтетичної продуктивності порівняно з іншими варіантами досліджень. Тому ми рекомендуємо третій строк сівби та глибину загортання насіння 4–6 см для вирощування цієї культури в зазначеній зоні

It is determined that crop cultivation systems (continuous culture and its interruption by crop rotation links with different fertilizer backgrounds) influence the productivity and economic efficiency    of tomato and cucumber cultivation under rainfed   conditions in Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe zone in  Ukraine. Reported calculations show the increased level of profitability of the continuous crop growing in case  of interruption by annual crop rotation link against the background of mineral nutrition, but additional organic fertilizers allow to get more profit per unit area.

It is determined that crop cultivation systems (continuous culture and its interruption by crop rotation links with different fertilizer backgrounds) influence the productivity and economic efficiency of tomato and cucumber cultivation under rainfed conditions in Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe zone in Ukraine. Reported calculations show the increased level of profitability of the continuous crop growing in case of interruption by annual crop rotation link against the background of mineral nutrition, but additional organic fertilizers allow to get more profit per unit area.

It is determined that crop cultivation systems (continuous culture and its interruption by crop rotation links with different fertilizer backgrounds) influence the productivity and economic efficiency    of tomato and cucumber cultivation under rainfed   conditions in Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe zone in  Ukraine. Reported calculations show the increased level of profitability of the continuous crop growing in case  of interruption by annual crop rotation link against the background of mineral nutrition, but additional organic fertilizers allow to get more profit per unit area. | Определено влияние систем выращивания (бессменная культура и прерывание ее звеньями севооборота с разными фонами удобрения) на урожайность и экономическую эффективность выращивания томата и огурца в богарных  условиях Правобережной Лесостепи Украины. Приведенные расчеты указывают на повышение уровня рентабельности бессменного выращивания при прерывании однолетним звеном севооборота на фоне минерального питания, однако дополнительное внесение органических удобрений позволяет получить большую прибыль с единицы площади. | Установлено вплив систем вирощування (беззмінна культура та переривання її ланками сівозмін з різними фонами удобрення) на врожайність і економічну ефективність вирощування помідора та огірка в богарних умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України. Наведені розрахунки вказують на підвищення рівня рентабельності беззмінного вирощування у разі переривання однорічною ланкою сівозміни на фоні мінерального живлення, проте додаткове внесення органічних добрив дає можливість отримати більший прибуток з одиниці площі.

New results of the clonal selection of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) conducted at Podillya Research Station of Horticultural Institute NAAS by method of state variety testing have been presented. By the results of the 6-year studying (2007 - 2012) of 20 new Jonagold clones of domestic selection their estimation was carried out according to the complex of such qualities as productivity, early ripening, marketability, taste qualities and durability of fruits. The following clones are defined to be the best: DP-16, DP-17, DP-18, DP-20. They start fruiting in the age of 2 or 3 years, productivity of the 5- or 6-year-old trees reaches 8,3–25,5 tons per hectare, quantity of the fruits of the highest and first grade is about 57–76% (in 2010–2012). Fruits of the mentioned clones are bigger than medium size (DP-16), big (DP-17, DP-18) and very big (DP-20); they have average similarity, excellent and very harmonious sour-sweet taste (8,3–8,7 points). Fruits of the best clones kept their quality for 202 – 220 days.

New results of the clonal selection of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) conducted at Podillya Research Station of Horticultural Institute NAAS by method of state variety testing have been presented. By the results of the 6-year studying (2007 - 2012) of 20 new Jonagold clones of domestic selection their estimation was carried out according to the complex of such qualities as productivity, early ripening, marketability, taste qualities and durability of fruits. The following clones are defined to be the best: DP-16, DP-17, DP-18, DP-20. They start fruiting in the age of 2 or 3 years, productivity of the 5- or 6-year-old trees reaches 8,3–25,5 tons per hectare, quantity of the fruits of the highest and first grade is about 57–76% (in 2010–2012). Fruits of the mentioned clones are bigger than medium size (DP-16), big (DP-17, DP-18) and very big (DP-20); they have average similarity, excellent and very harmonious sour-sweet taste (8,3–8,7 points). Fruits of the best clones kept their quality for 202 – 220 days.

Methodological rationale is given (procedure - morphological description) for ‘plant’ as a quantitative characteristic - ‘plant: ratio of upper ear attachment height to plant height’ for maize hybrids (Zea mays L.), as well as parameters of grading for states of expression are set to facilitate the assessment at performing morphological description of maize hybrids

Methodological rationale is given (procedure - morphological description) for ‘plant’ as a quantitative characteristic - ‘plant: ratio of upper ear attachment height to plant height’ for maize hybrids (Zea mays L.), as well as parameters of grading for states of expression are set to facilitate the assessment at performing morphological description of maize hybrids

The main factor, and cost-effective rapid increase in yield of all crops and raising its quality is an innovative process for the creation and introduction of new varieties. Overall condition of use in the production of new varieties is very unsatisfactory. For this year the country loses more than 1.5 mln. tonnes of grains of winter cereals. Currently, the requirements for soft winter wheat, as a factor of sustainable productivity, increase. Despite the obvious advances in breeding wheat varieties as genetic yield potential of more than 10 t/ha, the actual implementation of it is around 50 %. Therefore remains an urgent problem of developing varieties with high potential and implementation of evidence-based their growth. Thus, the genetic yield potential genotype implemented with a balanced exposure of a number of factors. The purpose of research – create a soft winter wheat variety with well-defined ecological and adaptive properties and high quantitative and qualitative indicators of grain yield, varieties show ability to withstand adverse abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors of the environment for future breeding. Stated agroecological characteristics of variety soft winter wheat Yuvivata 60 by economically valuable indicators. Performed a detailed description of the new variety wheat based on morphological and biological characteristics. Showing environmental features Yuvivata 60 (in terms of genotypic effect and degree of plasticity) under different conditions ecotops of Ukraine. For agricultural producers proposed of adaptive variety soft winter wheat Yuvivata 60, that will provide guaranteed high quality and grain yield.

The main factor, and cost-effective rapid increase in yield of all crops and raising its quality is an innovative process for the creation and introduction of new varieties. Overall condition of use in the production of new varieties is very unsatisfactory. For this year the country loses more than 1.5 mln. tonnes of grains of winter cereals. Currently, the requirements for soft winter wheat, as a factor of sustainable productivity, increase. Despite the obvious advances in breeding wheat varieties as genetic yield potential of more than 10 t/ha, the actual implementation of it is around 50 %. Therefore remains an urgent problem of developing varieties with high potential and implementation of evidence-based their growth. Thus, the genetic yield potential genotype implemented with a balanced exposure of a number of factors. The purpose of research – create a soft winter wheat variety with well-defined ecological and adaptive properties and high quantitative and qualitative indicators of grain yield, varieties show ability to withstand adverse abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors of the environment for future breeding. Stated agroecological characteristics of variety soft winter wheat Yuvivata 60 by economically valuable indicators. Performed a detailed description of the new variety wheat based on morphological and biological characteristics. Showing environmental features Yuvivata 60 (in terms of genotypic effect and degree of plasticity) under different conditions ecotops of Ukraine. For agricultural producers proposed of adaptive variety soft winter wheat Yuvivata 60, that will provide guaranteed high quality and grain yield.

Peculiarities of developing national varietal resources of Lupin (Lupinus L.) in Ukraine have been explained. Market monitoring for annual lupin species have been completed. Peculiarities for the conduct of lupin plant varieties examination on establishing their suitability for dissemination compliance with the criteria of distinctness, uniformity and stability according to the guidelines in force. The conditions for developing the Program of Field Trials of Plant Varieties Qualifying Examination are displayed. Species specific and quantitative composition of fodder crops detailed as included into the Program. Essential soil and climatic cultivation areas proposed. Lupin uses outlined, as well as its application in various branches of national economy and value for establishing strong fodder backgrpund for cattle breeding. Prospective options of using lupin crop are spotted in connection with new plant varieties created, which seed by technological properties could be used for the purpose of preparing dietary foodstuff

Peculiarities of developing national varietal resources of Lupin (Lupinus L.) in Ukraine have been explained. Market monitoring for annual lupin species have been completed. Peculiarities for the conduct of lupin plant varieties examination on establishing their suitability for dissemination compliance with the criteria of distinctness, uniformity and stability according to the guidelines in force. The conditions for developing the Program of Field Trials of Plant Varieties Qualifying Examination are displayed. Species specific and quantitative composition of fodder crops detailed as included into the Program. Essential soil and climatic cultivation areas proposed. Lupin uses outlined, as well as its application in various branches of national economy and value for establishing strong fodder backgrpund for cattle breeding. Prospective options of using lupin crop are spotted in connection with new plant varieties created, which seed by technological properties could be used for the purpose of preparing dietary foodstuff

The results obtained during the study of resistance of promising gooseberry varieties to Septoria leaf spot in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are described. Variety samples were divided into groups by the resistance to disease. Among them none was found with complete field resistance. Sladkiy proved to be highly resistant variety. Resistance above the average is typical for Berill, Grushenka, Kooperator, Lehin, Malakhit, Rodnik, Shennon varieties. Hrossulyar, Kamenyar, Karat, Knyazhych, Kolobok, Krasnoslavyanskiy, Laskovyi, Mazershkota, Russkiy, Svityaz, Severnyi kapitan are varieties of average resistance to Septoria leaf spot. Zyelyonyi dozhd, Zlatogor, Invikta, Kubanyets, Nesluhivskyi, Slivovyi are characterized as low resistant ones.

The results obtained during the study of resistance of promising gooseberry varieties to Septoria leaf spot in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are described. Variety samples were divided into groups by the resistance to disease. Among them none was found with complete field  resistance. Sladkiy proved to be highly resistant variety. Resistance above the average is typical for Berill, Grushenka, Kooperator, Lehin, Malakhit, Rodnik, Shennon varieties. Hrossulyar, Kamenyar, Karat, Knyazhych, Kolobok, Krasnoslavyanskiy, Laskovyi, Mazershkota, Russkiy, Svityaz, Severnyi kapitan are varieties of average resistance to Septoria leaf spot. Zyelyonyi dozhd, Zlatogor, Invikta, Kubanyets, Nesluhivskyi, Slivovyi are characterized as low resistant ones.

In 2011 to 2013 a study was completed for the impact of varying rates of fertilizing onto the indices of productivity for barley agrophytocenosis of Helios and Commandor, in particular, such its components as a number of productive stems, number of seeds per ear, potential biological activity of ear and photosynthetic apparatus. It is found that the level of spring barley agrophytocenosis productivity is subject both to varietal peculiarities and the rate of mineral fertilizer application. When applying N 60P 60K 60 і N 90P 90K 90 the highest potential and biological productivity of Helios and Commandor was recorder as compared against the control. Impact of varying application rates for fertilizers onto the components of ear biological productivity has been scrutinized. The qualitative composition of ear is a clear expression of variety phenotype and identifies the level of biological yield for spring barley. Application of N 60 P 60 K 60 і N 90 P 90 K 90 mineral fertilizers fairly increased the average leaf surface, photosynthetic lead capacity of varieties in 2 to 2.5 times, as well as FAR efficiency coefficient in 1.5 to 2.0 times as against control that thus contributed to the development of highest biological yield of Helios variety phytomass at the level of 14.9 to 15.0, grain – 7.8 to 8.0 ton per ha and, respectively, 12.7 and 7.5 tons per ha for Comandor variety.

In 2011 to 2013 a study was completed for the impact of varying rates of fertilizing onto the indices of productivity for barley agrophytocenosis of Helios and Commandor, in particular, such its components as a number of productive stems, number of seeds per ear, potential biological activity of ear and photosynthetic apparatus. It is found that the level of spring barley agrophytocenosis productivity is subject both to varietal peculiarities and the rate of mineral fertilizer application. When applying N 60P 60K 60 і N 90P 90K 90 the highest potential and biological productivity of Helios and Commandor was recorder as compared against the control. Impact of varying application rates for fertilizers onto the components of ear biological productivity has been scrutinized. The qualitative composition of ear is a clear expression of variety phenotype and identifies the level of biological yield for spring barley. Application of N 60 P 60 K 60 і N 90 P 90 K 90 mineral fertilizers fairly increased the average leaf surface, photosynthetic lead capacity of varieties in 2 to 2.5 times, as well as FAR efficiency coefficient in 1.5 to 2.0 times as against control that thus contributed to the development of highest biological yield of Helios variety phytomass at the level of 14.9 to 15.0, grain – 7.8 to 8.0 ton per ha and, respectively, 12.7 and 7.5 tons per ha for Comandor variety.