The article mentions that the special attention is deserved by such persimmon varieties being included into the collection of Garden: Nikita Burgundy – the most famous of the hardiest varieties, widely used in industrial horticulture grade foreign breeding Hana Fuyu and a new, high-yielding variety of domestic breeding Souvenir of Autumn. Plant varieties included into the studying, grow in the same conditions at the collection site, which is located 200 meters from the coast at a height of 20-40 m above its level. Trees are 15 years old, planting scheme is 6x6 meters. The selected varieties belong to the group of constant tart on their quality whose fruits are edible only when fully ripe Varieties are characterized by high winter hardiness and disease resistance, which allows minimizing the chemicals using for plants treating and creates the conditions for organic food. The chemical composition fruits studying of three oriental persimmons varieties have performed high content of potassium, so it affords their using as a general tonic. The obtained results have revealed that according to the content of essential elements the leading fruit of variety Souvenir Autumn is considered to be, the less valuable are fruits of Nikita Burgundy, and Hana Fuyu fruits on this indicator are intermediate.

Yield and sugar content genetic analyzes for hybrids developed engaging pollinating lines of the first and the second inbred generations throughout two cycles of recurrent breeding has underpinned the determination of regularities for combinability expression in crossing components and the change of their gene interaction types. This unveiled the lack of correlation between the parents descriptions as selected from groups that displayed contrast combining of productivity components and the lines combinability derived thereof. This provided a ground for correcting the breeding technology of the development of MS hybrids through the exclusion of individual polarization as phenotype based breeding method with replacing this by the assessment of economical value of the topcrossing components. The genetic value was determined for pollinator lines of І1 first hybrid generation by productivity components derived from multiple seed populations by Ulad breeding. 7 economically valuable lines were derived from U752 population by yield and 17 by sugar content, whereas 6 and 10 limes were derived from КМ2, respectively . This provided a ground for the development of synthetic varieties that displayed yield and sugar content characteristics improved, respectively, by 9,4 and 2,4% (U752 initial population ) and by 4,4 and 8,3% ( КМ2 initial population) compared to group standard. The structure of genetic variability of MS hybrids productivity as developed engaging І2 .first and second inbred generation. In the genotype variation of characteristics of hybrids derived from І1 pollinators of recurrent breeding first cycle the additive effects of both parental forms prevailed, and as regards the hybrids developed engaging І2 pollinators of the second cycle of recurrent breeding non-additive effects of the components interaction prevailed. In the second cycle of recurrent breeding 7 І2 lines valuable for combining were singled out, which had high general combinability by yield, and 8 were singled out by sugar content. 5 lines were singled out: U752/5/7, U752/84/3, КМ2/33/4, КМ2/34/7, КМ2/75/4, which combined high general combinability by yield and sugar content at once. Heterosis effect of hybrid combinations was subject to total fusion of additive and non-additive effects of the genes controlling quantitative characteristics of the productivity. The best hybrids yield engaging І2, pollinator lines selected out of U752 and КМ2 multi-seed populations ranged within 104...117,3%, sugar content – 102,4...106,0%, while that of synthetic varieties – 113,4 and 103,6% (U752) and 106,7 and 109,3% (КМ2), respectively, against the group standard.

The article presents summary of studying the efficiency of dry carrot production when growing in the conditions of Ukraine’s Forest-Steppe subject to a variety. A complex assessment has been completed for fresh and dried products of 10 different varieties and hybrids of carrots on the content of basic biochemical, economic and biological indicators in order to highlight the best suited for drying. Varieties have been singled out, which roots display the highest yield, best marketability, accumulate the most of dry matter, sugars, etc. A close direct correlation between the weight of roots and their marketability has been established. An evaluation of the tested roots for complex organoleptic characteristics has been completed. It is proved that carrot drying is profitable. The yield and dry matter content in roots are key influence factors on profitability of dry carrot production. By the set of parameters under studying varieties most suitable for drying, Krasniy Velikan and Dlinnaia Krasnaia, have been selected. Profitability of their drying exceeds 40%.

The article analyzes range of problems related to the erection and development of vertical financial equalizing on the background of processes that have triggered after Ukraine acquired its sovereignty. The basic stages and trends of the development are detected for the vertical financial equalizing in Ukraine, which essentially corresponded to the changes in arrangement of inter-budget relations. It is proved that the currently available trends in the development of inter-budget relations in Ukraine have been associated with the stages of vertical financial equalizing in Ukraine. The current system for financial vertical equalization in Ukraine is self-contradictory and slows down social and economical development of the country. Taking this into account the proposals were established as regards the main approaches to further reforming of the system of vertical financial equalization in Ukraine in terms of its shifting to the market economy, setting budget laws of the country in conformity to the legislation on the structure of executive power and local governments, as well as other acts of law determining their functions.

In 2011, Blago soft winter wheat variety state examination was completed so that the variety was listed in the National Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Recommended area of dissemination included Steppe, Forest-Steppe and Woodlands. The Blago variety has been developed in the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture at the NAAS of Ukraine and is suitable for cultivation under the conditions of irrigated farming and regular (nonirrigated) farming. This is the only research institution in Ukraine that develops winter wheat varieties for irrigated farming following specific program. As is generally known there are specific conditions at irritated plots. Increased moisture of soil and air, root nutrition mode sufficiently balanced with the elements required constitute special microclimate for the agrocenosis of winter wheat at irrigated soil, which ensure sustainable and high yields across space and time. Nevertheless, not only these conditions facilitate the varieties of wheat, but pests and pathogens as well, thereby maliciousness of the latter, especially that of the diseases, significantly increase compared to nonirrigated crops. The yield potential for Blago as a new variety of winter wheat makes 9 to 10 tons per hectare, and is implemented at irritated lands of the South, as well as in the Woodland and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The variety represents a comprehensive use genotype as its high adaptability enables it to be applied as at irrigated, so at nonirrigated lands. The variety is well-balanced in terms of its value for cultivation and use traits.

The objective of the research is to improve the techno­logy of growing high-quality seeds of millet broomcorn by means of the optimization of sowing terms and methods, aimed at increasing its productivity and improving seed qualities under conditions of unstable moistening of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Scientific literature review indicates the study of the influence of these technology elements on the formation of sowing qualities and crop capacity of millet seeds has been of schematic and occasional nature. The issue has not been studied in this region condition at all, that is why the research has considerable significance and novelty. Analysis, observations and calculations were done by means of conventional methods. Research results indicate that under conditions of unstable moistening of the southern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the highest yield of Slobozhanske and Lana varieties was reached at sowing in drills – 39.2 and 41.0 metric centners per hectare, respectively. That was 2.4 and 3.9 metric centners per hectare increase against the wide-row sowing. In the years with optimal hydrothermal conditions maximum seed productivity of millet broomcorn at the level of 4.24 to 4.79 metric tons per hectare (Slobozhanske variety) and 4.53 to 5.28 metric tons per hectare (Lana variety) was observed at postponing the sowing terms to the third decade of May. If atypical for the region hydrothermal conditions (drought or excessive moistening) are forecasted du­ ring the vegetation period of millet, the highest productivity is provided by sowing in the second decade of May. Early sowing in the first decade of May causes decrease in yield at the level of 0.14 to 0.48 metric tons per hectare (Slobozhanske variety) and 0.14 to 0.48 metric tons per hectare (Lana variety); if the sowing is postponed to the first decade of June, the yield increases by 0.31 to 0.77 and 0.39 to 0.84 metric tons per hectare, respectively. Early spring and summer sowing using ordinary drill method contribute to the formation of the highest qua­ lity of seeds – the overall quality index was the highest at the level of 97,9 to 98,5% (Slobozhanske variety) and 98,3 to 100,0% (Lana variety).

Collection samples of the onion of varying ecological and geographical origin have been scrutinized under the conditions of Chernigiv region to establish their susceptibility to Botrytis allii Munn pathogen. It is noted that the disease develops, first of all, on samples with dry leafs colored white, and established that enhanced resistance to the pathogen is inherent in forms of anthocyanin or red coloration or dry and damp skins (Rubin, Amfora, Veselka, Mavka, Braushverska Chervona, Venta F1, Tango F1, Golubka). Sources of resistance to neck rot are indicated (Olina, Texas Curli, Violetta, Red Baron F1), which have not been damaged by the pathogen at all through the three years of study. The use of parental pars quality of such samples will enable to produce prospective breeding material at hybridization.

Purpose. To study effects of low temperatures on Lavandula angustifolia plants and their response depending on their age and variety as well as identify critical temperature values for such structure elements of plants as bark, cambium, wood, pith. Methods. Field investigation, spectrometric analysis, statistical evaluation. Results. Topicality of investigation of Lavandula angustifolia to be grown in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine was highlighted. Low temperature effects on structural elements of shoots for 8 varieties of domestic and foreign selection were analyzed. One-year shoots have suffered the most from low temperatures – 4.5 points on a six-point scale, two- and three-year shoots were damaged in a lesser degree – from 0.8 to 2 points. Plants of ‘Feuervogel’ and ‘Maestro’ varieties with total damage coefficient of 11.3% and 10.6% accordingly were the most resistant to low temperatures. These varieties can be recommended to producers for further introduction to the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Conclusions. Tissues of a lavender one-year shoot were most damaged by low temperatures regardless of a variety, but this organ is ephemeral and can be removed without causing damage to a plant. Two- and three-year shoots, which provide plant recovery, were significantly less damaged. None of the plants from 8 studied lavender varieties was lost under the influence of low temperatures, though some of them were damaged significantly. Such varieties as ‘Feuervogel’, ‘König Humbert’, ‘Veseli notky’ (pith damage is on the level of 1–2 points), ‘Maestro’ (0.8–2.5 points) were the most resistant to low temperature exposure which allows to conclude about successful lavender cultivation under conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.

The article mentions that 113 peach hybrid forms resistance to drought, to leaf curl infection Taphrina deformans Tul. and powdery mildew Sphaerotheca pannosa Lev. var. persicae Woronich have been obtained in the result of their studying. One of the most important agronomic sigh is a drought- resistance. Elite forms assessment on this indicator has been carried out in the most drought year during the last50 years. 23 forms with high drought-resistance have been selected. The leaves curl and false mildew are considered to be the most harmful fungal diseases reducing the plants peach vitality and leading to their lethality. Infection assessment has been carried out according to the average annual dates, and in epidemic (epiphytotic) year with a maximum disease revealing. As a result 14 hybrid forms infected by low leaves curl and 16 – by false mildew have been selected. According to the varieties characteristics complex 15 ones have been selected. Most varieties identified by their drought-resistance have belonged to the North Chinese eco-geographic group (59,1%), by a low leaves curl infection (Taphrina deformans Tul.) to the Iranian eco-geographic group (64,3%); by the false mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa Lev.) to the Northern Chinese eco-geographic group (54,3%). The selected varieties perform the interest as sources of important mentioned economic valuated characteristics and they can be used in breeding.

The article highlights results of research over simulative apomixes in pear and its utilization for obtaining haploids and homozygote diploids. It has been established that over 50% pear varieties with failed remote hybridization are capable of generating seeds of apomictic origin producing diploid plants. Genotypes displaying maximal inclination to apomixes have been singled out. Apomictic pear seedlings obtained from foreign pollination within the limits of the same combination are inherent in profound morphological diversity. Fruit-bearing apomicts originated from one and the same maternal plant differ to the same extent as hybrid seedlings of the same family. Genetic markers have enabled to establish that these are embryo sacs in which meiosis has completed that give rise to apomictic seeds. In vitro method as used for the purpose of increasing apomictic plants output has been illustrated. The greatest induction of apomictic shoots in vitro has been reached by alternation of BAP cytokinin at concentration of 1mg/l and 2 mg/l on the background of GA3 amounting to 1,5 mg/l. Grafting with shoots in vitro on non-sterile rootstocks of pear (Pyrus communis) has increased the output of plants up to 80%. A cytological assessment of 9 apomictic samples is provided. The cytological analysis of samples of apomictic forms has certified the presence of simulative haploid parthenogenesis in pear.