Мета. Встановити оптимальні строки проведення збиральних робіт у розсадниках первинного насінництва люпину білого. Методи. Використано польові, лабораторні та статистичні методи оцінки матеріалу. Посівні якості вивчали в лабораторних умовах окремо для насіння із центральних і бічних китиць згідно з ДСТУ 2240-93. Результати. Наведено результати досліджень для визначення оптимальних строків проведення збиральних робіт у розсадниках первинного насінництва. Дослідження проводили окремо для насіння з центральної і бічних китиць, зібраного в різні фази стиглості. Встановлено, що енергія проростання насіння першого строку збирання була мінімальною і становила по сортах для центральної китиці від 70,0 до 73,0% і від 58,0 до 65,0% – для бічних китиць. Найкращі показники енергії проростання і схожості виявлено у насіння центральних китиць, зібраного у фазу «жовті сім’ядолі». Вони становили в середньому по всіх сортах 90,8 і 94,3% відповідно, тоді як у насіння бічних китиць ці показники були на рівні 84,5 і 89,3%. На формування маси 1000 насінин впливали агрометеорологічні умови. В посушливі роки на рослинах сформувалося щупле й легковаге насіння, тому погіршилась його посівна якість. Найбільшу масу 1000 насінин отримано у фазі «повна стиглість», коли вона досягала у центральної китиці від 284 до 338 г, а в бічних – від 266 до 316 г. Проведено оцінку розвитку зародкових корінців: зовнішній вигляд, довжина. Візуальна оцінка насіння на третю добу пророщування та вимірювання дов­жини зародкових корінчиків на сьому добу свідчить, що здорові, добре розвинені проростки спостерігалися в насіння п’ятого і шостого строків збирання. Висновки. Найвищі посівні якості у більшості сортів з урахуванням бічних китиць встановлено в насіння, зібраного у фазу і повної стиглості. Насіння центральної китиці за схожістю відповідає вимогам ДСТУ для добазової категорії (87,0%), починаючи вже з фази «початок пожовтіння корінчика зародка», але насіння бічних китиць – не раніше фази «жовті сім’ядолі». Збиральні роботи необхідно розпочинати у фазі стиглості насіння люпину «жовті сім’ядолі», коли воно є повноцінно сформованим і має високі посівні якості.

Мета. Встановити оптимальні строки проведення збиральних робіт у розсадниках первинного насінництва люпину білого. Методи. Використано польові, лабораторні та статистичні методи оцінки матеріалу. Посівні якості вивчали в лабораторних умовах окремо для насіння із центральних і бічних китиць згідно з ДСТУ 2240-93.Результати. Наведено результати досліджень для визначення оптимальних строків проведення збиральних робіт у розсадниках первинного насінництва. Дослідження проводили окремо для насіння з центральної і бічних китиць, зібраного в різні фази стиглості. Встановлено, що енергія проростання насіння першого строку збирання була мінімальною і становила по сортах для центральної китиці від 70,0 до 73,0% і від 58,0 до 65,0% – для бічних китиць. Найкращі показники енергії проростання і схожості виявлено у насіння центральних китиць, зібраного у фазу «жовті сім’ядолі». Вони становили в середньому по всіх сортах 90,8 і 94,3% відповідно, тоді як у насіння бічних китиць ці показники були на рівні 84,5 і 89,3%. На формування маси 1000 насінин впливали агрометеорологічні умови. В посушливі роки на рослинах сформувалося щупле й легковаге насіння, тому погіршилась його посівна якість. Найбільшу масу 1000 насінин отримано у фазі «повна стиглість», коли вона досягала у центральної китиці від 284 до 338 г, а в бічних – від 266 до 316 г. Проведено оцінку розвитку зародкових корінців: зовнішній вигляд, довжина. Візуальна оцінка насіння на третю добу пророщування та вимірювання дов­жини зародкових корінчиків на сьому добу свідчить, що здорові, добре розвинені проростки спостерігалися в насіння п’ятого і шостого строків збирання.Висновки. Найвищі посівні якості у більшості сортів з урахуванням бічних китиць встановлено в насіння, зібраного у фазу і повної стиглості. Насіння центральної китиці за схожістю відповідає вимогам ДСТУ для добазової категорії (87,0%), починаючи вже з фази «початок пожовтіння корінчика зародка», але насіння бічних китиць – не раніше фази «жовті сім’ядолі». Збиральні роботи необхідно розпочинати у фазі стиглості насіння люпину «жовті сім’ядолі», коли воно є повноцінно сформованим і має високі посівні якості. | Purpose. To determine the optimal time for harvesting in nurseries of primary seed production of white lupine. Methods. Field, laboratory and statistical methods of material evaluation were used. Sowing qualities were studied in the laboratory separately for seeds from the central and lateral racemes in accordance with DSTU 2240-93 (State Standard of Ukraine).Results. The results of studies on determination of optimal terms for harvesting in nurseries of primary seed production are given. The studies were conducted separately for seeds from the central and lateral racemes collected in different ripe stages. It was established that the seed vigor during the first harves­ting time was minimal and ranging for varieties from 70.0 to 73.0% for the central raceme and from 58.0 to 65.0% for the lateral racemes. The best indices of seed vigor and germination capacity were established in the seeds of the central racemes harvested during the “yellow cotyledon” stage. They averaged 90.8 and 94.3% respectively for all varieties, while in the seeds of the lateral racemes these indices amounted to 84.5 and 89.3%. Agrometeorological conditions had influence on the thousand-kernel weight formation. In dry years, plants produced feeble and lightweight seeds, so their sowing qualities has been deteriorated. The highest thousand-kernel weight was obtained in the “full ripeness” stage, when it ranging from 284 to 338 g in the central racemes and from 266 to 316 in the lateral ones. The development of embryonic roots including external appearance, length was assessed. Visual assessment of germination on the third day and measurement of the length of embryonic roots on the seventh day showed that healthy, well-developed seedlings were observed in seeds of the fifth and sixth harvesting periods. Conclusions. The highest sowing qualities in most varieties with regard to lateral racemes were established in the seeds harvested in the «full ripeness» phase. For the germinating capacity, seeds of the central raceme met the requirements of DSTU for the additional category (87.0%), starting from the stage “beginning of the embryonic root yellowing”, but seeds of the lateral racemes not earlier than the phase of “yellow cotyledons”. Harvesting should be started at the “yellow cotyledons” phase of lupine seeds maturity when they were fully formed and have high sowing qualities. | Цель. Установить оптимальные сроки проведения уборочных работ в питомниках первичного семеноводства люпина белого.Методы. Использованы полевые, лабораторные и статистические методы оценки материала. Посевные качества изучали в лабораторных условиях отдельно для семян с центральных и боковых кистей в соответствии с ГСТУ 2240-93. Результаты. Приведены результаты исследований для определения оптимальных сроков проведения уборочных работ в питомниках первичного семеноводства. Исследования проводили отдельно для семян из центральной и боковых кистей, собранных в разные фазы зрелости. Установлено, что энергия прорастания семян первого срока уборки была минимальной и составляла по сортам для центральной кисти от 70,0 до 73,0% и от 58,0 до 65,0% – для боковых кистей. Лучшие показатели энергии прорастания и всхожести выявлены у семян центральных кистей, собранных в фазе «желтые семядоли». Они составляли в среднем по всем сортам соответственно 90,8 и 94,3%, в то время как у семян боковых кистей данные показатели были на уровне 84,5 и 89,3%. На формирование массы 1000 семян влияли агрометеорологические условия. В засушливые годы на растениях сформировались щуплые и легковесные семена, поэтому ухудшились их посевные качества. Наибольшая масса 1000 семян получена в фазе «полная спелость», когда она достигала у центральной кисти от 284 до 338 г, а в боковых – от 266 до 316 г. Проведена оценка развития зародышевых корешков: внешний вид, длина. Визуальная оценка семян на третий день проращивания и измерение длины зародышевых корешков на седьмой день показали, что здоровые, хорошо развитые проростки наблюдаются у семян пятого и шестого сроков уборки.Выводы. Наиболее высокие посевные качества у большинства сортов с учетом боковых кистей установлены в семенах, собранных в фазе полной спелости. Семена центральной кисти по всхожести соответствуют требованиям ГСТУ для добазовой категории (87,0%), начиная уже с фазы «начало пожелтения корешков зародыша», но семена с боковых кистей – не ранее фазы «желтые семядоли». Уборочные работы следует начинать в фазе спелости семян люпина «желтые семядоли», когда они полноценно сформированы и имеют высокие посевные качества.

Purpose. To reveal breeding and genetic peculiarities of modern spring barley varieties for the “number of grains per main ear” trait and identify genetic sources of increased combining ability for involving in hybridization. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Modern varieties of domestic (‘Virazh’, ‘Talisman Myronivskyi’, ‘Komandor’) and foreign (‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’, ‘Zhana’, ‘Explorer’) breeding were involved in crossing for a full (7´7) diallel scheme. Parents and F1 were studied in field conditions during 2014–2016. Results. The analysis of variance of combining ability has shown a significant advantage in varying of general combining ability (GCA) effects. The mean square of specific combining ability (SCA) was significantly less than the GCA, but reliable throughout the years. The reciprocal effect was reliable only in 2014. Stably high effects of GCA during all years of investigations were noted in the varieties ‘KWS Aliciana’ (1.18–1.62) and ‘Virazh’ (1.33–1.48). The variety ‘KWS Bambina’ was characterized by lower but reliable positive effects of GCA (0.43–0.99) as compared to mentioned above. Non-allelic gene interaction was not found, that allowed to calculate the basic parameters of genetic variation. During all years of investigations, dominant effects of genes (H1 and H2) prevailed over the additive (D) ones in phenotypic expression of grain number per main ear. Mean degree of dominance in the experiment (H1/D) has shown overdominance. The same pattern was also distinctive for the index of mean degree of dominance in the loci . The dominance was reliably directed. Dominant effects of genes increased grain content, and recessive ones reduced it. At least 3–4 genes (groups of genes) have been revealed which determined the effects of dominance. At the same time, recessive genes (F<0) or gene effects were prevailed quantitatively in the varieties investigated. A high coefficient of heritability in broad sense (H2 = 0.98) has shown a significant determination of phenotypic variability with genetic factors. The coefficient of heritability in narrow sense (h2 = 0.66–0.68) confirmed that despite the advantage of dominant effects over the additive ones, the contribution of the latter was also significant. Conclusions. The prevalence of dominant effects of genes in the phenotypic expression of the number of grains per main ear causes the need for sufficient sample size of hybrid material and points to the expediency of conducting a more “rigid” selection for phenotype in later generations. At the same time, the considerable contribution of additive effects and high values of heritability indices give reason to predict the efficiency of selections aimed at increasing the trait in created hybrid material. The varieties ‘Virazh’, ‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’ should be used as effective genetic sources to increase grain content in combination breeding.

Purpose. To reveal breeding and genetic peculiarities of modern spring barley varieties for the “number of grains per main ear” trait and identify genetic sources of increased combining ability for involving in hybridization. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Modern varieties of domestic (‘Virazh’, ‘Talisman Myronivskyi’, ‘Komandor’) and foreign (‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’, ‘Zhana’, ‘Explorer’) breeding were involved in crossing for a full (7´7) diallel scheme. Parents and F1 were studied in field conditions during 2014–2016. Results. The analysis of variance of combining ability has shown a significant advantage in varying of general combining ability (GCA) effects. The mean square of specific combining ability (SCA) was significantly less than the GCA, but reliable throughout the years. The reciprocal effect was reliable only in 2014. Stably high effects of GCA during all years of investigations were noted in the varieties ‘KWS Aliciana’ (1.18–1.62) and ‘Virazh’ (1.33–1.48). The variety ‘KWS Bambina’ was characterized by lower but reliable positive effects of GCA (0.43–0.99) as compared to mentioned above. Non-allelic gene interaction was not found, that allowed to calculate the basic parameters of genetic variation. During all years of investigations, dominant effects of genes (H1 and H2) prevailed over the additive (D) ones in phenotypic expression of grain number per main ear. Mean degree of dominance in the experiment (H1/D) has shown overdominance. The same pattern was also distinctive for the index of mean degree of dominance in the loci . The dominance was reliably directed. Dominant effects of genes increased grain content, and recessive ones reduced it. At least 3–4 genes (groups of genes) have been revealed which determined the effects of dominance. At the same time, recessive genes (F<0) or gene effects were prevailed quantitatively in the varieties investigated. A high coefficient of heritability in broad sense (H2 = 0.98) has shown a significant determination of phenotypic variability with genetic factors. The coefficient of heritability in narrow sense (h2 = 0.66–0.68) confirmed that despite the advantage of dominant effects over the additive ones, the contribution of the latter was also significant. Conclusions. The prevalence of dominant effects of genes in the phenotypic expression of the number of grains per main ear causes the need for sufficient sample size of hybrid material and points to the expediency of conducting a more “rigid” selection for phenotype in later generations. At the same time, the considerable contribution of additive effects and high values of heritability indices give reason to predict the efficiency of selections aimed at increasing the trait in created hybrid material. The varieties ‘Virazh’, ‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’ should be used as effective genetic sources to increase grain content in combination breeding.

Purpose. To determine the possibility of the domestic viticulture transition to the ecological (adaptive) management system, based on the use of highly adaptive varieties. Methods. Procedures are conventional in viticulture. All stages of agrobiological research were carried out according to the M. A. Lazarevskiy technique. The resistance of genetic resources to fungal diseases was assessed using the 9-point scale on the natural infectious background with maximum damage. Organoleptic evaluation of wine and fresh grapes was performed using 8-point and a 10-point scales respectively.  Results. The main agrobiological traits (resistance to diseases, productivity and yield quality) of 22 perspective grape varieties and forms were studied. The level of resistance to fungal diseases was determined as one of the main criteria of the variety suitability for ecological (adaptive) viticulture. During five years, the average resistance level of this group of table and wine varieties was not lower than the relative one (6.5–7 points), and in ‘Zagrei’ variety – up to 7,5 points. The level of quality characteristics of products of new grape varieties and forms was determined (wine evaluation, marketability and assessment of fresh table grapes). Samples with a combination of high wine and grape quality characteristics and high productivity were selected. To replenish the gene pool of grapes by adaptive varieties, such perspective hybrid combinations as ‘Opalovyi’ ´ ‘Burmunk, ‘Avgustin’ ´ ‘Oryhinal and ‘Ohoniok tairovskyi’ ´ ‘Kardyshakh’ were studied. The level of group resistance to fungal diseases was identified and the perspective genotypes were preliminarily selected. Conclusions. The level of display of a number of economic characters in the group of perspective table and wine grape varieties and forms was determined. Highly adaptive and highly productive varieties and forms suitable for the use in the adaptive viticulture were defined. Prospective hybrid combinations were considered, from which highly adaptive varieties will be selected as suitable for the ecological system of viticulture.

Purpose. To determine the possibility of the domestic viticulture transition to the ecological (adaptive) management system, based on the use of highly adaptive varieties. Methods. Procedures are conventional in viticulture. All stages of agrobiological research were carried out according to the M. A. Lazarevskiy technique. The resistance of genetic resources to fungal diseases was assessed using the 9-point scale on the natural infectious background with maximum damage. Organoleptic evaluation of wine and fresh grapes was performed using 8-point and a 10-point scales respectively. Results. The main agrobiological traits (resistance to diseases, productivity and yield quality) of 22 perspective grape varieties and forms were studied. The level of resistance to fungal diseases was determined as one of the main criteria of the variety suitability for ecological (adaptive) viticulture. During five years, the average resistance level of this group of table and wine varieties was not lower than the relative one (6.5–7 points), and in ‘Zagrei’ variety – up to 7,5 points. The level of quality characteristics of products of new grape varieties and forms was determined (wine evaluation, marketability and assessment of fresh table grapes). Samples with a combination of high wine and grape quality characteristics and high productivity were selected. To replenish the gene pool of grapes by adaptive varieties, such perspective hybrid combinations as ‘Opalovyi’ ´ ‘Burmunk, ‘Avgustin’ ´ ‘Oryhinal and ‘Ohoniok tairovskyi’ ´ ‘Kardyshakh’ were studied. The level of group resistance to fungal diseases was identified and the perspective genotypes were preliminarily selected. Conclusions. The level of display of a number of economic characters in the group of perspective table and wine grape varieties and forms was determined. Highly adaptive and highly productive varieties and forms suitable for the use in the adaptive viticulture were defined. Prospective hybrid combinations were considered, from which highly adaptive varieties will be selected as suitable for the ecological system of viticulture.

Purpose. To define the level of impact of such factors as rate, time and methods of sowing on seed productivity and certified seeds, and the individual response of winter wheat varieties to these factors if used the ecological system of seed farming, that would allow to form and obtain genetically determined potential of variety productivity. Methods. Weight measurement for determining seed yield; statistical, variance and regression analysis for identifying the reliabi­lity of the experiment results. Results. During the research period, weather conditions were greatly differed both by temperature regime and precipitation, but stability of grain and seeds yield on an annual basis was the main requirement to varieties. During the study of «grain productivity» value and quantitative indices of winter wheat yield structure, the results from 684 plots were obtained which were grouped and analyzed for impact factors for complete certainty, and NIR0,05 was calculated. Conclusions. Thus, in case of shifting sowing time from optimum to later period, efficiency of water use by plants was decreasing to a greater extent during years with insufficient precipitation. The shift of sowing time to later period providing optimal seeding rate and row seeding method did not reduce yield. The yield of winter wheat varieties to be studied when sowing in usual manner with seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha in the period from September 15 and October 5 was the highest. Varieties ‘Slavna’ and ‘Chorniava’ provided the highest grain productivity for seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha and using row seeding method, with slight impact of sowing time factor. Grain yield of studied varieties showed negative response during the experiment when seeding rate decreased up to 2,5–3,0 million seeds/ha. ‘Astarta’ varie­ty provided the highest productivity for certified seeds yield as compared to the control (from 1,59 to 3,38 t/ha). The variant of the experiment when sowing on October, 5 in usual manner with seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha showed the highest productivity of 7,02 t/ha (+3,38 t/ha, or +92,9%). Shifting of sowing time for October, 5 resulted in a significant decrease in yields of certified seeds as compared to sowing time on September 15 and 25. Seed yield of studied varieties when sowing on October, 5 was higher than in case of sowing on September, 25. The highest percentage of certified seeds output in the studied varieties was observed for a seeding rate of 2,5–3,0 million seeds/ha. For seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha for varieties with seeding time between September 15 and 25, the difference in grain yield was negligible. The winter wheat variety ‘Astarta’ provided the highest yield of seeds during the research years – 9,36 t/ha, the standard variety ‘Bogdan’ – the lowest one in the best variant of 5,55 t/ha.

Purpose. To define the level of impact of such factors as rate, time and methods of sowing on seed productivity and certified seeds, and the individual response of winter wheat varieties to these factors if used the ecological system of seed farming, that would allow to form and obtain genetically determined potential of variety productivity. Methods. Weight measurement for determining seed yield; statistical, variance and regression analysis for identifying the reliabi­lity of the experiment results. Results. During the research period, weather conditions were greatly differed both by temperature regime and precipitation, but stability of grain and seeds yield on an annual basis was the main requirement to varieties. During the study of «grain productivity» value and quantitative indices of winter wheat yield structure, the results from 684 plots were obtained which were grouped and analyzed for impact factors for complete certainty, and NIR0,05 was calculated. Conclusions. Thus, in case of shifting sowing time from optimum to later period, efficiency of water use by plants was decreasing to a greater extent during years with insufficient precipitation. The shift of sowing time to later period providing optimal seeding rate and row seeding method did not reduce yield. The yield of winter wheat varieties to be studied when sowing in usual manner with seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha in the period from September 15 and October 5 was the highest. Varieties ‘Slavna’ and ‘Chorniava’ provided the highest grain productivity for seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha and using row seeding method, with slight impact of sowing time factor. Grain yield of studied varieties showed negative response during the experiment when seeding rate decreased up to 2,5–3,0 million seeds/ha. ‘Astarta’ varie­ty provided the highest productivity for certified seeds yield as compared to the control (from 1,59 to 3,38 t/ha). The variant of the experiment when sowing on October, 5 in usual manner with seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha showed the highest productivity of 7,02 t/ha (+3,38 t/ha, or +92,9%). Shifting of sowing time for October, 5 resulted in a significant decrease in yields of certified seeds as compared to sowing time on September 15 and 25. Seed yield of studied varieties when sowing on October, 5 was higher than in case of sowing on September, 25. The highest percentage of certified seeds output in the studied varieties was observed for a seeding rate of 2,5–3,0 million seeds/ha. For seeding rate of 5,5 million seeds/ha for varieties with seeding time between September 15 and 25, the difference in grain yield was negligible. The winter wheat variety ‘Astarta’ provided the highest yield of seeds during the research years – 9,36 t/ha, the standard variety ‘Bogdan’ – the lowest one in the best variant of 5,55 t/ha.

Purpose. To develop a method of propagation, stimulation of rhizomes growth in vitro culture for the genus Miscanthus representatives and their adaptation in the open field without the use of greenhouse complexes for acclimatization and completion of growing. Methods. Biotechnological procedures, mathematical and statistical analyses. Results. Prescription of nutrient medium was developed for explants inoculation, sprouts propagation, rhizomes growth stimulation in vitro. Such sterile explants as seeds, buds to be removed from rhizomes, parts of stems with bud were placed on modified media with mineral portion by Murashige and Skoog (MS) that contained 0,5–1 dose of macroelements and one dose of microelements, vitamins (10 mg/l of thia­minum, 1,0 mg/l of pyridoxine, 1,0 mg/l of nicotinic acid and 1,0 mg/l of ascorbic acid) supplemented with amino acids (250 mg/l of glutamic acid, 3 mg/l of tyrosine, 3 mg/l of arginine, 2 mg/l of hydroxyproline), plant growth regulators [0,5–1,0 mg/l of GA (gibberelline acid), 0,2 mg/l of 6-BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine, 0,1 mg/l of NAA (α-naphtylacetic acid)] in different variations. After seed germination, buds emerging and sprouts formation 1–2 cm in height, for propagation purpose they were passivated on the medium of other composition that differed from previous one by the content and ratio of growth regulators, especially by a high concentration of cytokinins [6-BAP (0,4–0,5 mg/l), kinetin (0,5 mg/l), adenine (0,5 mg/k)] in different variations in presence of GA (0,2 mg/l). In order to stimulate rhizomes growth, microclones were transferred on media with other composition and ratio growth regulators (6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) or 6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) + NAA (0,1 mg/l), in other words, with a high content of gibberellins. After the formation of rhizomes 10–15 cm in length, miscanthus plants were planted out in the open ground. Stimulation of rhizomes initiation and elongation on appropriate nutrient media before Miscanthus giganteus, M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis planting in vivo resulted in 100% adaptation and 100% survival of plants in the winter period without the use of greenhouse complexes. Conclusions. The method of miscanthus propagation in vit­ro and adaptation in the open ground was developed that included stimulation of rhizomes growth and favoured the increase of their length on media supplemented with gibbe­relline that guaranteed 100% preservation of microplants to be propagated from in vitro culture during adaptation in the open ground and acclimatization in winter.

Purpose. To develop a method of propagation, stimulation of rhizomes growth in vitro culture for the genus Miscanthus representatives and their adaptation in the open field without the use of greenhouse complexes for acclimatization and completion of growing. Methods. Biotechnological procedures, mathematical and statistical analyses. Results. Prescription of nutrient medium was developed for explants inoculation, sprouts propagation, rhizomes growth stimulation in vitro. Such sterile explants as seeds, buds to be removed from rhizomes, parts of  stems with bud were placed on modified media with mineral portion by Murashige and Skoog (MS) that contained 0,5–1 dose of macroelements and one dose of microelements,  vitamins (10 mg/l of thia­minum, 1,0 mg/l of pyridoxine, 1,0 mg/l of nicotinic acid and 1,0 mg/l of ascorbic acid) supplemented with amino acids (250 mg/l of glutamic acid, 3 mg/l of tyrosine, 3 mg/l of arginine, 2 mg/l of hydroxyproline), plant growth regulators [0,5–1,0 mg/l of GA (gibberelline acid), 0,2 mg/l of 6-BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine, 0,1 mg/l of NAA (α-naphtylacetic acid)] in different variations. After seed germination, buds emerging and sprouts formation 1–2 cm in height, for propagation purpose they were passivated on the medium of other composition that differed from previous one by the content and ratio of growth regulators, especially by a high concentration of cytokinins [6-BAP (0,4–0,5 mg/l), kinetin (0,5 mg/l), adenine (0,5 mg/k)] in different variations in presence of GA (0,2 mg/l). In order to stimulate rhizomes growth, microclones were transferred on media with other composition and ratio growth regulators (6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) or 6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) + NAA (0,1 mg/l),  in other words,  with a high content of gibberellins. After the formation of rhizomes 10–15 cm in length, miscanthus plants were planted out in the open ground. Stimulation of rhizomes initiation and elongation on appropriate nutrient media before Miscanthus giganteus, M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis planting in vivo resulted in 100% adaptation and 100% survival of plants in the winter period without the use of greenhouse complexes. Conclusions. The method of miscanthus propagation in vit­ro and adaptation in the open ground was developed that included stimulation of rhizomes growth and favoured the increase of their length on media supplemented with gibbe­relline that guaranteed 100% preservation of microplants to be propagated from in vitro culture during adaptation in the open ground and acclimatization in winter.

Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds. Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm. Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil. Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.

Цель. Исследовать сортовые особенности растений конопли посевной с целью улучшения качественных показателей почвы, на которой они произрастают, определить содержание неорганических элементов в почве, уровень их накопления в стеблях растений и семенах. Методы. Основные – полевой и спектрометрический. Результаты обрабатывали по общепринятым методикам в земледелии, растениеводстве и статистике. Варианты опыта – сорта ‘Гляна’, ‘Глесия’: 1) почва; 2) стебли; 3) семена. Схемы опытов: а) техническая спелость растений, междурядья 45 см; б) техническая спелость растений, междурядья 15 см; в) биологическая спелость растений, междурядья 45 см; г) биологическая спелость растений, междурядья 15 см. Результаты. Определены величины аккумуляции щёлочноземельных металлов и их соединений семенами и стеблями конопли посевной в зависимости от содержания их в почвах на протяжении вегетации. Выявлено, что стебли растений сорта ‘Глесия’ накапливали стронция (Sr) и его соединений значительно меньше по сравнению с растениями сорта ‘Гляна’, а в семенах сорта ‘Глесия’ содержание этого химического элемента превышало содержание в семенах предыдущего сорта на 70 и 78% соответственно. Разность в накоплении соединений бария (Ва) семенами конопли посевной между сортами была не существенной, тогда как ткани стеблей растений сорта ‘Гляна’ накапливали его соединений значительно больше по сравнению с сортом ‘Глесия’. Исследованиями не выявлено влияния доли сорта, площади питания и фазы созревания на процессы аккумуляции растениями соединений магния (Mg). Сорт ‘Глесия’ накапливал в тканях стеблей гораздо меньше кальция (Са) и его соединений по сравнению с растениями сорта ‘Гляна’: в вариантах в фазе технической спелости растений в посевах с междурядьями 45 см (а) и г – растения узкорядных посевов (15 см) в фазе биологической спелости – на 30,94 и 15,95 мг/кг больше при наличии в почве и в вариантах в фазе технической спелости растений с узкорядным посевом (15 см) и в фазе биологической спелости с широкорядным посевом (45 см) – меньше на 34,54 и 24,19 мг/кг.Выводы. На показатели аккумуляции щёлочноземельных металлов растениями конопли посевной существенно повлияли: концентрация соединений определенного химического элемента в пахотном слое почвы, уровень энергетического (светового) обес­печения растений в процессе вегетации, сортовые особенности конопли посевной, этапы органогенеза растений, специфические особенности наземной части – стеблей – накапливать эти химические элементы, а также семенами. Выявлена сортовая зависимость накопления тяжелых металлов тканями растений и семенами конопли посевной. Для получения экологически чистой продукции необходимо учитывать сортовые особенности растений поглощать и аккумулировать соответствующие химические элементы и их соединения при выращивании культуры. | Мета. Дослідити сортові особливості рослин конопель посівних з метою поліпшення якісних показників ґрунтів, на яких вони ростуть, визначити вміст неорганічних елементів у ґрунті, рівень їх накопичення у стеблах рослин і насінні.Методи. Основні – польовий і спектрометричний. Результати опрацьовували за загальноприйнятими методиками у землеробстві, рослинництві та статистиці. Варіанти досліду – сорти ‘Гляна’, ‘Глесія’: 1) ґрунт; 2) стебла; 3) насіння. Схеми дослідів: а) технічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 45 см; б) технічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 15 см; в) біологічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 45 см; г) біологічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 15 см.Результати. Визначено величину акумуляції лужноземельних металів та їхніх сполук насінням і стеблами рослин конопель посівних залежно від їх вмісту в ґрунтах. Виявлено, що стебла рослин сорту ‘Глесія’ накопичували стронцію (Sr) та його сполук значно менше порівняно з рослинами сорту ‘Гляна’, а в насінні сорту ‘Глесія’ вміст цього хімічного елемента був вищим порівняно з попереднім сортом на 70 і 78% відповідно. Різниця в накопиченні сполук барію (Ва) в насінні сортів конопель посівних була неістотною, тоді як тканини стебел рослин сорту ‘Гляна’ накопичували його сполук значно більше порівняно з сортом ‘Глесія’. Дослідженнями не виявлено впливу частки сорту, площі живлення та фази достигання на процеси акумуляції рослинами сполук магнію (Mg). Сорт ‘Глесія’ накопичував у тканинах стебел рослин відчутно менше кальцію (Са) та його сполук порівняно з рослинами сорту ‘Гляна’: у варіантах фази технічної стиглості рослин у посівах з міжряддями 45 см (а) і г – рослини вузькорядного висіву (15 см) у фазі біологічної стиглості на 30,94 і 15,95 мг/кг більше за наявності у ґрунті та у варіантах фази технічної стиглості рослин вузькорядного висіву (15 см) і у фазі біологічної стиглості з широкорядним висівом (45 см) – на 34,54 і 24,19 мг/кг менше за наявності в ґрунті.Висновки. На показники акумуляції лужноземельних металів рослинами конопель посівних істотно вплинули: концентрація сполук певного хімічного елемента в орному шарі ґрунту, рівень енергетичного (світлового) забезпечення рослин у процесі вегетації, сортові особливості конопель посівних, етапи органогенезу рослин і специфічні особливості їх наземної частини – стебел – накопичувати ці хімічні елементи, а також насінням. Встановлено сортову залежність щодо накопичення важких металів тканинами рослин і насінням конопель посівних. Для отримання екологічно чистої продукції необхідно враховувати сортові особливості рослин щодо здатності поглинати й акумулювати відповідні хімічні елементи та їхні сполуки під час вирощування культури. | Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds.Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm.Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil.Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.

Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds. Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm. Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil. Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.

Purpose. To investigate the variability of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties depending on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1. Methods. Field study, biometric technique, comparative approach, statistical evaluation, generalization. Results. Dependence of the plant height, the diameter of the leaf rosette, the number of leaves per plant, the leaf area of plants on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1 was defined. Investigations of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties by Dutch breeding were conducted in 2016–2017 in the collection sites of the department of vegetable growing in the scientific-experimental field “Fruit and vegetable garden” of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In order to determine dependence of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce varieties on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1, the following scheme was used for the both varieties: variant 1 – water (control); variant 2 – 0,10% solution; variant 3 – 0,25% solution; variant 4 – 0,50% solution. Plants were treated with microfertilizer three times during the vegetative period. Alterations of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties depending on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 was studied. Conclusions. It was found that in case of three-time plant treatment with complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 at the time of harvesting, the best plant biometrics was registered in variant 3 (concentration 0,25%) for the both ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varie­ties of cutting lettuce. The height of plants of the cutting lettuce in ‘Afitsyon’ variety exceeded this figure in ‘Concord variety by 1,1–1,4 cm. The concentration of microfertilizer had no significant effect on the diameter of the leaf rosette of ‘Concord’ variety (25,1–25,9 см). The diame­ter of the leaf rosette of ‘Afitsyon’ variety was 26,0–28,7 cm. In cutting lettuce, the largest leaf area per plant was registered in ‘Afi­tsyon’ variety (3516.5 cm2/plant) in case of plants treatment with 0,25% solution of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 that exceeded this figure in ‘Concord’ varie­ty by 660 cm2/plant. The best plant biometrics of cutting lettuce of the studied varieties and optimal concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 (0.25% solution) was defined that is important for improving agricultural cultivation techniques.

Purpose. To investigate the variability of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties depending on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1. Methods. Field study, biometric technique, comparative approach, statistical evaluation, generalization. Results. Dependence of the plant height, the diameter of the leaf rosette, the number of leaves per plant, the leaf area of plants on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1 was defined. Investigations of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties by Dutch breeding were conducted in 2016–2017 in the collection sites of the department of vegetable growing in the scientific-experimental field  “Fruit and vegetable garden” of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In order to determine dependence of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce varieties on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1, the following scheme was used for the both varieties: variant 1 – water (control); variant 2 – 0,10% solution; variant 3 – 0,25% solution; variant 4 – 0,50% solution. Plants were treated with microfertilizer three times during the vegetative period. Alterations of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties  depending on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 was studied. Conclusions. It was found that in case of three-time plant treatment with complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 at the time of harvesting, the best plant biometrics was registered in variant 3 (concentration 0,25%) for the both ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varie­ties of cutting lettuce. The height of plants of the cutting lettuce in ‘Afitsyon’ variety exceeded this figure in ‘Concord variety by 1,1–1,4 cm. The concentration of microfertilizer had no significant effect on the diameter of the leaf rosette of ‘Concord’ variety (25,1–25,9 см). The diame­ter of the leaf rosette of ‘Afitsyon’ variety was 26,0–28,7 cm. In cutting lettuce, the largest leaf area per plant was registered in ‘Afi­tsyon’ variety (3516.5 cm2/plant ) in case of plants  treatment with 0,25% solution of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 that exceeded this figure in ‘Concord’ varie­ty by 660 cm2/plant. The best plant biometrics of cutting lettuce of the studied varieties and optimal concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 (0.25% solution) was defined that is important for improving agricultural cultivation techniques.

Purpose. To elaborate winter wheat cultivation technologies based on balanced fertilizer system that combines application of mineral fertilizers and the increase of their efficiency by the use of preparations with microelements. Methods. Field and laboratory studies, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. During 2011–2013, the effect of cultivation technologies on the formation of yield and quality of winter wheat varie­ty ‘Benefis’ (pea is a predecessor) was studied. In case of alternative technologies that provided adding only by-products of the predecessor, the yield of winter wheat was 3.73 t/ha when using integrated protection system, and it was increased to 4.22 t/ha with grain quality of the 4th–5th class of the group B when foliar dressing was applied. Resource saving technologies of cultivation with restricted use of fertilizers (Р45К45N30(II)+30(IV)) provided productivity at the level of 5.19–5.61 t/ha with grain quality of the 2nd–3rd class of the group A. Grain yield of 6.27 t/ha of the 2nd class quality was obtained by the use of intensive cultivation technology, which included application of mineral fertilizers (Р90К90N30(II)+60(IV)+30(VIII)) in addition to the use of predecessor’s by-products and foliar dressing. The highest yield of grain (6.71 t/ha) on average during all years of the study with the 1st class of the group A quality was provided by energy-intensive technology, which included application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) with embedding of predecessor’s by-products into the soil and foliar dressing. Conclusions. It was established that in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine the highest productivity of winter wheat was obtained in dark gray podzolic soils using the energy-intensive technology with application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) against the background of predecessor’s by-products embedded into the soil in case of integrated plant protection, and foliar dres­sing. This technology ensured the yield of 6.71 t/ha with grain quality of the 1st class of the group A.

Purpose. To elaborate winter wheat cultivation technologies based on balanced fertilizer system that combines application of mineral fertilizers and the increase of their efficiency by the use of preparations with microelements. Methods. Field and laboratory studies, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. During 2011–2013, the effect of cultivation technologies on the formation of yield and quality of winter wheat varie­ty ‘Benefis’ (pea is a predecessor) was studied. In case of alternative technologies that provided adding only by-products of the predecessor, the yield of winter wheat was 3.73 t/ha when using integrated protection system, and it was increased to 4.22 t/ha with grain quality of the 4th–5th class of the group B when foliar dressing was applied. Resource saving technologies of cultivation with restricted use of fertilizers (Р45К45N30(II)+30(IV)) provided productivity at the level of 5.19–5.61 t/ha with grain quality of the 2nd–3rd class of the group A. Grain yield of 6.27 t/ha of the 2nd class quality was obtained by the use of intensive cultivation technology, which included application of mineral fertilizers (Р90К90N30(II)+60(IV)+30(VIII)) in addition to the use of predecessor’s by-products and foliar dressing. The highest yield of grain (6.71 t/ha) on average during all years of the study with the 1st class of the group A quality was provided by energy-intensive technology, which included application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) with embedding of predecessor’s by-products into the soil and foliar dressing. Conclusions. It was established that in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine the highest productivity of winter wheat was obtained in dark gray podzolic soils using the energy-intensive technology with application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) against the background of predecessor’s by-products embedded into the soil in case of integrated plant protection, and foliar dres­sing. This technology ensured the yield of 6.71 t/ha with grain quality of the 1st class of the group A.