Addresses various aspects of pollution control for the mining, production, transportation, and distribution of chemical fertilizers covering technologies for various segments of the industry, including raw materials production, end products, and by-products.

The deposition of atmospheric tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH, DDT, DDE and the PCB congeners 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180 to spruce needles (Picea abies) was estimated for a period of 9 months. Accumulation in spruce as a result of dry gaseous deposition, particle bound deposition and wet deposition was calculated on the basis of the corresponding deposition rates and the compounds' concentrations in the different atmospheric compartments. The comparison of the calculated values with the concentrations of the compounds measured in 9-month-old spruce needles showed that for many compounds each deposition pathway could explain a large part of the concentrations found in the needles.

A validation exercise of the SoilFug model using field runoff data from Rosemaund Farm (UK) is described. A comparison has been made of modelled and measured concentrations of several pesticides in surface water and soil during and after specific rain events following application. The field experiments were designed to obtain data on rainfall, outflows of water, pesticide application rates and concentrations in soil and water. The results were satisfactory for the undissociated pesticides (atrazine, carbofuran, dimethoate, isoproturon, lindane, simazine and trifluralin), whose concentrations in water were mostly predicted within an order of magnitude of measured data. The results for the dissociated pesticides (dichlorprop, MCPA, mecoprop) were less satisfactory, giving generally much higher predicted concentrations in water. The use of the SoilFug model is suggested for the calculation of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in water, since it generally produces acceptable results from a relatively small set of input data, most of which is generally available.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) have been monitored in air and deposition at four UK urban sites (London, Cardiff, Manchester and Stevenage) since the beginning of 1991; data from the first 2 years are presented here. Median Sigma 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F concentrations in air were 3.2, 4.0, 3.5 and 2.6 pg/cubic metre respectively for London, Cardiff, Manchester and Stevenage. Median Sigma 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F deposition fluxes were 1.5 ng/m** (2)/day in London, 1.4 ng/m** (2)/day in Cardiff and Manchester and 0.79 ng/m** (2)/day in Stevenage. Seasonal variations in the PCDD/F concentrations were observed at all sites for both air and deposition, with concentrations/fluxes generally elevated during the winter.

A method was developed to determine the dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) reduction rate in activated sewage sludge at nearly natural conditions. Linearity of microbially produced dimethyl sulphide with incubation time and sample size was shown. Apart from a fast, sensitive and highly reproducible automatic analysis of dimethyl sulphide, simultaneous determination of mineralisation, respiration and phenol degradation rates was possible. The DMSO reduction rate of samples taken from a municipal sewage plant ranged between 2 and 3 micromol/(g dry matter per h), respiration and mineralisation rates between 30 and 80 micromol/(g per h). Added (13)C(6)-phenol was completely degradated after 96 h of incubation. A half-life of 14 h was calculated assuming first order decay. Dose response curves were obtained by incubating samples for 2, 6, 25, and 96 hours after addition of pentachlorophenol. At an incubation time of 6 h, the EC(50) values ranged from 20 mg/L (DMSO reduction) to 30 mg/L (phenol degradation) up to 180 mg/L (respiration and mineralisation). Increasing the incubation time to 96 h resulted in a lower EC(50) of 9 mg/L for DMSO reduction, whereas it increased to 500 mg/L for respiration and mineralisation.

This unique resource offers concise, detailed information on the toxicological properties of and safe handling practices for pesticides and provides an overview of the registration process, registration procedures, and supplemental registration. Explaining the interaction between federal and state authorities on toxic chemicals, Toxic Properties of Pesticides gives an alphabetic listing of over 800 chemicals including their applications - from insecticides and growth regulators to herbicides, repellents, and synergists ... examines cancellation and suspension regulations ... furnishes safety guidelines and emergency treatment procedures ... elucidates the signs and symptoms of poisoning ... organizes chemicals according to product name, properties, toxicity, and uses ... supplies a listing of pesticide manufacturers and their addresses ... synthesizes previously uncollected data ... and more.

This unique, single-source reference offers a thorough treatment of the remediation of soils contaminated by hazardous wastes and the scientific and engineering issues that must be addressed in creating practical solutions for their reclamation. Presenting traditional physical and chemical methods as well as current and emerging biological methods, Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils discusses state-of-the-art techniques of site monitoring and assessment ... demonstrates a wide range of technical approaches that can be used in remediation ... elucidates hydrocarbon remediation ... illustrates actual, in-field remediation processes, highlighting bioremediation ... furnishes innovative process modeling studies ... organizes chapters by issues, case studies, traditional methods, and new technologies to facilitate cross-referencing of topics ... and much more. | Written by more than 50 internationally recognized experts from academia, government, and industry, Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils is an incomparable guide for environmental, pollution control, and chemical engineers; environmental scientists; industrial waste specialists; environmental and patent attorneys; remediation technicians; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in environmental management.