Mycoremediation is classified as an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and effective technique to reduce wastewater. Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73 was one of the White Rot Fungi (WRF) that has the potential to degrade dyes. Suitable environmental conditions can optimize dye decolorization results. This study aims to investigate optimal environmental conditions such as time incubation, concentration of dyes, pH, CuSO4, and glucose concentration against decolorization of a mixture of direct dyes and enzyme activity (laccase and MnP). The mixture of commercial direct dyes used contains direct turquoise (DT), direct orange (DO), and direct yellow (DY) dyes. Decolorization was measured using a spectrophotometer at 400-700 nm. Laccase and MnP assay using ABTS and 2.6 DMP as substrate, respectively. The highest decolorization by Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73 was produced at 54.3% at 96 hours and increased to 67% at a dye concentration of 500 mg.L-1. Meanwhile, the highest laccase and MnP activities were 215 U.L-1 and 39 U.L-1, respectively. pH range was quite wide, ranging from pH 5.5-9, supported by stable MnP activity from pH 3-7. CuSO4 inducers were not required for the decolorization of these dyes. Decolorization was optimal at the addition of 1% glucose, while enzyme activities were 0.5% glucose. Decolorization of dyes by Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73 was indicated through degradation pathways involving laccase and MnP enzymes. This isolate has a high tolerance to dye concentrations, a wide pH range, and low carbon requirements. Thus, it was recommended as a mycoremediation agent.

The objective of this research was to determine an environmental management model that integrates social, economic, geographic, and community aspects to promote the growth of social capital among residents in the periphery area of Banjarmasin City. The analysis was conducted with 150 respondents selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria. A quantitative descriptive method was adopted, and the structural model analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The structural model analysis consisted of (a) formulation of the structural model theory, (b) analysis of the outer model, (c) analysis of the inner model, and (d) hypothesis testing. The field data analysis and calculations using SmartPLS 3.0 software showed an R² value of 0.855. The value showed that the economic, social, geographic, and community indicators could indeed contribute to the development of social capital, including norms, culture, perceptions, and behaviors among residents in the periphery area. Approximately 85.5% of the variation could be explained, while the remaining 14.5% might be influenced by other factors. In terms of the development of social capital, environmental management model was shown by (1) economic, with a T-statistic value of 2.627 and a P-value of 0.009, (2) geographic, with a T-statistic value of 1.982 and a P-value of 0.048, (3) community, with a T-statistic value of 4.211 and a P-value of 0.000, and (4) social with a T-statistic value of 2.057 and a P-value of 0.040. Since the T-statistic values exceeded the T-table threshold of 1.96, and the P-values were less than the significance level of 0.05, it could be concluded that economic, geographic, community, and social, environmental management in the periphery area served as valuable indicators for fostering the sustainable development of social capital among residents of Banjarmasin City.

This study was performed to determine the effect of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on the consortium of isolated bacterial strains from the crude oil-contaminated site. The iron oxide nanoparticle (FeNPs) was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method and confirmed with its characterization results such as UV-spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), Zeta potential and Particle Size Analyser studies. The isolates were cultured in LBBH (Luria-Bertani and Bushnell Haas) medium containing crude oil as a carbon source with incubation for 7 days. This study was performed using FeNPs with four different concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 150mg) incorporated with the isolated microbes clubbed as a consortium. The rate of biodegradation was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. By comparing the control sample (crude oil) there was a better degradation in FeNPs added bacterial culture than consortium degradation. The obtained results conclude that studying different concentrations of FeNPs with the consortium of isolated microbes showed degradation differences, whereas 150mg concentration has a better degradation effect compared to other variations. It should be carried out to avoid agglomeration of nanoparticles by improving their biocompatibility and quality to influence the biodegradation of crude oil.

The uncontrolled production of waste is a daily phenomenon that is experienced by most global communities, and the situation worsens due to the lack of effective waste management procedures. Solid waste such as sawdust is primarily produced by the forestry industry and although it is utilized by certain countries as briquettes to make fire or as an absorbent to clean fluid spillage as well as a component of ceilings, most of the sawdust along the Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria is left unattended as waste, contributing to environmental pollution. Cellulose, composed of glucose units is a structural component of sawdust and when saccharified the resulting glucose can be fermented into renewable substances such as bio-ethanol. The cellulose degradation process can be performed with a cellulase enzyme such as available in the fungus Aspergillus niger and during the current investigation, this enzyme system was used to bio-convert the cellulose component of sawdust from ten different trees along the Lagoon into glucose. To increase the cellulase action all sawdust materials were delignified before cellulase action with the main aim of determining the optimum pH value for maximum degradation of the various sawdust materials. The pH-related saccharification profile of each type of sawdust was constructed as well as the relative percentage of saccharification and it was concluded that all the materials were optimum degraded at acidic pH-values which varied between pH 5.0 and pH 6.0 that are like optimum pH-values reported for the other types of cellulose materials.

The present study aimed to investigate the bio-oil from the blended citrus fruit peel by hydrothermal liquefaction process. Huge amounts of fruit peel waste are disposed of in the open environment without any proper management. Such fruit peels are considered a potential bio-resource to be converted into economically valuable products like bio-oil. Since the citrus fruit peel is a rich source of moisture content, a hydrothermal liquefaction process was introduced to produce bio-oil from cellulose, and lignocellulose. The experimental design against temperature, time, and biomass concentration optimization was carried out which was confirmed by the ANOVA f and p test that reveals time and temperature influenced the bio-oil yield drastically. As the time and temperature rise more than 60 min and 280°C, the volatile substance present in the biomass converts itself into solid residue which has a negative impact on bio-oil production, compared with biomass concentration. The maximum yield of bio-oil was recorded as 29.4% at 280°C at 60min reaction time and 80g/200mL concentration as optimized parameters. The GCMS reveals the presence of hydrocarbons and alkanethiol which are flammable and hold the standards of commercial transportation fuel but hold nitrogen and oxygen-containing compounds to pull down the fuel standards. Thus, the produced bio-oil can be blended with the transportation fuel after the upgradation process for efficient results.

The global construction industry faces significant challenges related to environmental sustainability and resource scarcity. Researchers are increasingly exploring innovative approaches to repurpose waste materials, aiming to mitigate environmental pollution while producing value-added construction materials. This paper reviews the sustainability of current methodologies for synthesizing construction materials from pollutants, considering industrial by-products, post-consumer waste, and pollutants as potential feedstocks. The evaluation focuses on various recycling, upcycling, and bioconversion techniques, assessing their environmental and technical feasibility. The paper also discusses case studies of successful implementations and emerging trends in the field to highlight practical applications and future research directions. Ultimately, the paper advocates for sustainable practices in the construction sector by promoting a circular economy model, where waste is transformed into valuable resources, fostering wealth development.

A study on the biodiversity and isolation of freshwater algae from some reservoirs of Mae Rim Campus, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai Province, collected algal samples and assessed the water quality at four reservoirs, including Wiang Bua Reservoir, Ma Lang Por Reservoir, Education Auditorium reservoir, and Kru Noi Garden Reservoir. One hundred and six species of algae belonging to 8 phyla were found. The most prominent species were Cylindrospermopsis philippinensis, Trachelomonas volvocina, Peridiniopsis sp., and Coelastrum astroideum, respectively. The overall water quality was categorized as clean according to some physical and chemical parameters by the National Environmental Board of Thailand. However, high BOD values were detected at some sampling points. The algae isolation included 8 isolates, which could be utilized for various purposes in the future, such as biomass, protein, polysaccharide energy, bioactive compounds, antioxidant substances, wastewater treatment, environmental indicators, algal toxins, and phylogenetic studies. All strains were stored at the Centre of Excellence of Biodiversity Research and Implementation for Community, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, for conservation and future development purposes.

Sandy soils are not suitable for agriculture because they do not retain nutrients, and water drains quickly. The biochar applied to these soils provides nutrients, improves their fertility, and favors crop yields. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of pine biochar and the pruning of green areas obtained by slow pyrolysis on the physicochemical attributes of sandy soil. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in fifteen pots randomly divided into three groups (five replicas) of treatment depending on the dose of biochar: 0% (0 g/pot, T1 control treatment), 10% (100 g/pot, T2), and 25% (250 g/pot, T3) calculated according to the volume of the soil. Likewise, 05 seeds of turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) were placed in each pot, where their germination and growth were monitored. Application of biochar reported an increase in organic matter, porosity, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, NO3-, K, and Mg (without significant differences) and a reduction in bulk density, P, and Ca (without significant differences). These behaviors were higher in T3, followed by T2, compared to T1. Similarly, T3 (68%, 7.5 ± 0.9 cm) showed a higher number of turnip germinations and growth compared to T2 (48%, 7 ± 0.6 cm) and T1 (28% 6 ± 0.4 cm). The biochar applied improved the attributes of the sandy soil, strengthening it against possible erosion and promoting the preservation of terrestrial ecosystems.

The study assessed the efficiency of immobilized algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson) in treating copper toxicity in common carp fish. Acute toxicity of copper towards carp fish was determined. Fish were exposed in aqueous tanks to different heavy metal concentrations (10, 15, 25, and 35 ppm) for 96 h to examine their response. The lethal concentration (LC50) of copper for common carp over 96 h was found to be 1.4 ppm, with fish mortality increasing gradually with higher metal concentrations. Subsequently, half of the LC50 concentration (0.7 ppm) was used as a chronic toxicity concentration, and fish were treated for 21 days to assess copper accumulation in their gills and muscles. Copper concentration in gills on day 5 of the experiment was 16.89 ± 2.2 mg.kg-1 (Mean ± S.D), a significant increase from in muscles, which recorded 10.72 ± 1.1 mg.kg-1 (Mean ± S.D). On day 21, the copper concentration decreased significantly in both gills (4.73 ± 0.5 mg.kg-1) and muscles (8.4 ± 4.5 mg.kg-1) compared to the control group (significant LSD 0.05). But the copper and algae group recorded on day 21 of the experiment (a significant decrease LSD 0.05) in both the gills (mg.kg-1) Mean± S.D) (4.73±0.5) and the muscles (mg.kg-1) Mean± S.D) (8.4±4.5) compared to the copper group. The removal rate in the gills was 75.57%, and in the muscles was 21.17%. Therefore, treatment with immobilized algae is an efficient and promising method for treating copper toxicity in aquatic environments.

The impact of water organic pollution from leftover fish feed and metabolic waste in floating net cages (FNC) aquaculture can lead to detrimental effects on coastal marine biota. This underscores the necessity for continuous monitoring of water quality in areas surrounding FNCs to mitigate the environmental impacts of aquaculture. One method of evaluating water quality is through the Saprobic Index, which quantitatively analyzes pollution status based on the presence and composition of various organisms, including plankton. This study aims to evaluate the organic pollution potential derived from fish feed in the vicinity of the FNCs at Sendang Biru waters by employing the Saprobic Index. The research identified five classes of phytoplankton in the FNC area: Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Globothalamea. Analysis of the phytoplankton composition indicated that the waters surrounding Sendang Biru FNC can be classified as ranging from Oligosaprobic to β-Meso/Oligosaprobic. These findings suggest that the aquaculture practices utilizing the FNC system contribute to a light level of organic pollution in the water. This emphasizes the importance of effective management and monitoring strategies to minimize the environmental impact and ensure the sustainability of aquaculture in coastal marine ecosystems.