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Importance of suspended sediment (SPS) composition and grain size in the bioavailability of SPS-associated pyrene to Daphnia magna Полный текст
2016
Xia, Xinghui | Zhang, Xiaotian | Zhou, Dong | Bao, Yimeng | Li, Husheng | Zhai, Yawei
Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) tend to associate with suspended sediment (SPS) in aquatic environments; the composition and grain size of SPS will affect the bioavailability of SPS-associated HOCs. However, the bioavailability of HOCs sorbed on SPS with different compositions and grain sizes is not well understood. In this work, passive dosing devices were made to control the freely dissolved concentration of pyrene, a typical HOC, in the exposure systems. The effect of pyrene associated with amorphous organic carbon (AOC), black carbon (BC), and minerals of SPS with grain sizes of 0–50 μm and 50–100 μm on the immobilization and enzymatic activities of Daphnia magna was investigated to quantify the bioavailability of pyrene sorbed on SPS with different grain sizes and compositions. The results showed that the contribution of AOC-, BC-, and mineral-associated pyrene to the total bioavailability of SPS-associated pyrene was approximately 50%–60%, 10%–29%, and 20%–30%, respectively. The bioavailable fraction of pyrene sorbed on the three components of SPS was ordered as AOC (22.4%–67.3%) > minerals (20.1%–46.0%) > BC (9.11%–16.8%), and the bioavailable fraction sorbed on SPS of 50–100 μm grain size was higher than those of 0–50 μm grain size. This is because the SPS grain size will affect the ingestion of SPS and the SPS composition will affect the desorption of SPS-associated pyrene in Daphnia magna. According to the results obtained in this study, a model has been developed to calculate the bioavailability of HOCs to aquatic organisms in natural waters considering both SPS grain size and composition.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Environmental impact of non-certified versus certified (ASC) intensive Pangasius aquaculture in Vietnam, a comparison based on a statistically supported LCA Полный текст
2016
Nhu, Trang T. | Schaubroeck, Thomas | Henriksson, Patrik J.G. | Bosma, Roel | Sorgeloos, Patrick | Dewulf, Jo
Pangasius production in Vietnam is widely known as a success story in aquaculture, the fastest growing global food system because of its tremendous expansion by volume, value and the number of international markets to which Pangasius has been exported in recent years. While certification schemes are becoming significant features of international fish trade and marketing, an increasing number of Pangasius producers have followed at least one of the certification schemes recognised by international markets to incorporate environmental and social sustainability practices in aquaculture, typically the Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue (PAD) scheme certified by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC). An assessment of the environmental benefit of applying certification schemes on Pangasius production, however, is still needed. This article compared the environmental impact of ASC-certified versus non-ASC certified intensive Pangasius aquaculture, using a statistically supported LCA. We focused on both resource-related (water, land and total resources) and emissions-related (global warming, acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication) categories. The ASC certification scheme was shown to be a good approach for determining adequate environmental sustainability, especially concerning emissions-related categories, in Pangasius production. However, the non-ASC certified farms, due to the large spread, the impact (e.g., water resources and freshwater eutrophication) was possibly lower for a certain farm. However, this result was not generally prominent. Further improvements in intensive Pangasius production to inspire certification schemes are proposed, e.g., making the implementation of certification schemes more affordable, well-oriented and facilitated; reducing consumed feed amounts and of the incorporated share in fishmeal, especially domestic fishmeal, etc. However, their implementation should be vetted with key stakeholders to assess their feasibility.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Long-term impact of sewage sludge application on soil microbial biomass: An evaluation using meta-analysis Полный текст
2016
Charlton, Alex | Sakrabani, Ruben | Tyrrel, Sean | Rivas Casado, Monica | McGrath, Steve P. | Crooks, Bill | Cooper, Pat | Campbell, C. D. (Colin D.)
Long-term impact of sewage sludge application on soil microbial biomass: An evaluation using meta-analysis Полный текст
2016
Charlton, Alex | Sakrabani, Ruben | Tyrrel, Sean | Rivas Casado, Monica | McGrath, Steve P. | Crooks, Bill | Cooper, Pat | Campbell, C. D. (Colin D.)
The Long-Term Sludge Experiments (LTSE) began in 1994 as part of continuing research into the effects of sludge-borne heavy metals on soil fertility. The long-term effects of Zn, Cu, and Cd on soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) were monitored for 8 years (1997-2005) in sludge amended soils at nine UK field sites. To assess the statutory limits set by the UK Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations the experimental data has been reviewed using the statistical methods of meta-analysis. Previous LTSE studies have focused predominantly on statistical significance rather than effect size, whereas meta-analysis focuses on the magnitude and direction of an effect, i.e. the practical significance, rather than its statistical significance. The results presented here show that significant decreases in Cmic have occurred in soils where the total concentrations of Zn and Cu fall below the current UK statutory limits. For soils receiving sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Zn, decreases of approximately 7–11% were observed at concentrations below the UK statutory limit. The effect of Zn appeared to increase over time, with increasingly greater decreases in Cmic observed over a period of 8 years. This may be due to an interactive effect between Zn and confounding Cu contamination which has augmented the bioavailability of these metals over time. Similar decreases (7–12%) in Cmic were observed in soils receiving sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Cu; however, Cmic appeared to show signs of recovery after a period of 6 years. Application of sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Cd appeared to have no effect on Cmic at concentrations below the current UK statutory limit.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Long-term impact of sewage sludge application on soil microbial biomass: An evaluation using meta-analysis Полный текст
2016
Charlton, Alex | Sakrabani, Ruben | Tyrrel, Sean F. | Rivas Casado, Monica | McGrath, Steve P. | Crooks, Bill | Cooper, Pat | Campbell, Colin D.
The Long-Term Sludge Experiments (LTSE) began in 1994 as part of continuing research into the effects of sludge-borne heavy metals on soil fertility. The long-term effects of Zn, Cu, and Cd on soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) were monitored for 8 years (1997-2005) in sludge amended soils at nine UK field sites. To assess the statutory limits set by the UK Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations the experimental data has been reviewed using the statistical methods of meta-analysis. Previous LTSE studies have focused predominantly on statistical significance rather than effect size, whereas meta-analysis focuses on the magnitude and direction of an effect, i.e. the practical significance, rather than its statistical significance. The results presented here show that significant decreases in Cmic have occurred in soils where the total concentrations of Zn and Cu fall below the current UK statutory limits. For soils receiving sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Zn, decreases of approximately 7–11% were observed at concentrations below the UK statutory limit. The effect of Zn appeared to increase over time, with increasingly greater decreases in Cmic observed over a period of 8 years. This may be due to an interactive effect between Zn and confounding Cu contamination which has augmented the bioavailability of these metals over time. Similar decreases (7–12%) in Cmic were observed in soils receiving sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Cu; however, Cmic appeared to show of recovery after a period of 6 years. Application of sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Cd appeared to have no effect on Cmic at concentrations below the current UK statutory limit.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Evidence for the effect of sorption enantioselectivity on the availability of chiral pesticide enantiomers in soil Полный текст
2016
Gámiz, Beatriz | Facenda, Gracia | Celis, Rafael
Evidence for the effect of sorption enantioselectivity on the availability of chiral pesticide enantiomers in soil Полный текст
2016
Gámiz, Beatriz | Facenda, Gracia | Celis, Rafael
Although enantioselective sorption to soil particles has been proposed as a mechanism that can potentially influence the availability of individual chiral pesticide enantiomers in the environment, environmental fate studies generally overlook this possibility and assume that only biotic processes can be enantioselective, whereas abiotic processes, such as sorption, are non-enantioselective. In this work, we present direct evidence for the effect of the enantioselective sorption of a chiral pesticide in a natural soil on the availability of the single pesticide enantiomers for transport. Batch sorption experiments, with direct determination of the sorbed amounts, combined with column leaching tests confirmed previous observations that from non-racemic aqueous solutions the sorption of the chiral fungicide metalaxyl on the soil appeared to be enantioselective, and further demonstrated that the enantiomer that was sorbed to a greater extent (R-metalaxyl, Kd = 1.73 L/kg) exhibited retarded leaching compared to its optical isomer (S-metalaxyl, Kd = 1.15 L/kg). Interconversion and degradation of the pesticide enantiomers, which are potential experimental artifacts that can lead to erroneous estimates of sorption and its enantioselectivity, were discarded as possible causes of the observed enantioselective behavior. The results presented here may have very important implications for a correct assessment of the environmental fate of chiral pesticides that are incorporated into the environment as non-racemic mixtures, and also of aged chiral pesticide residues that have been transformed from racemic to non-racemic by biologically-mediated processes.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Evidence for the effect of sorption enantioselectivity on the availability of chiral pesticide enantiomers in soil Полный текст
2016
Gámiz, B. | Facenda, G. | Celis, Rafael | Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) | Junta de Andalucía | European Commission | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
8 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 4 tablas.-- referencias.-- Supplementary data related to this article can be found at http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.052. | Although enantioselective sorption to soil particles has been proposed as a mechanism that can potentially influence the availability of individual chiral pesticide enantiomers in the environment, environmental fate studies generally overlook this possibility and assume that only biotic processes can be enantioselective, whereas abiotic processes, such as sorption, are non-enantioselective. In this work, we present direct evidence for the effect of the enantioselective sorption of a chiral pesticide in a natural soil on the availability of the single pesticide enantiomers for transport. Batch sorption experiments, with direct determination of the sorbed amounts, combined with column leaching tests confirmed previous observations that from non-racemic aqueous solutions the sorption of the chiral fungicide metalaxyl on the soil appeared to be enantioselective, and further demonstrated that the enantiomer that was sorbed to a greater extent (R-metalaxyl, Kd = 1.73 L/kg) exhibited retarded leaching compared to its optical isomer (S-metalaxyl, Kd = 1.15 L/kg). Interconversion and degradation of the pesticide enantiomers, which are potential experimental artifacts that can lead to erroneous estimates of sorption and its enantioselectivity, were discarded as possible causes of the observed enantioselective behavior. The results presented here may have very important implications for a correct assessment of the environmental fate of chiral pesticides that are incorporated into the environment as non-racemic mixtures, and also of aged chiral pesticide residues that have been transformed from racemic to non-racemic by biologically-mediated processes. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | This work was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO Project AGL2014-51897-R) and Junta de Andalucía (Research Group AGR-264), with European FEDER funds (Operative Program 2014–2020). | Peer reviewed
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Origin of inorganic and organic components of PM2.5 in subway stations of Barcelona, Spain Полный текст
2016
Martins, Vânia | Moreno, Teresa | Minguillón, María Cruz | van Drooge, Barend L. | Reche, Cristina | Amato, F. (Fulvio) | de Miguel, Eladio | Capdevila, Marta | Centelles, Sonia | Querol, X. (Xavier)
Origin of inorganic and organic components of PM2.5 in subway stations of Barcelona, Spain Полный текст
2016
Martins, Vânia | Moreno, Teresa | Minguillón, María Cruz | van Drooge, Barend L. | Reche, Cristina | Amato, F. (Fulvio) | de Miguel, Eladio | Capdevila, Marta | Centelles, Sonia | Querol, X. (Xavier)
The present work assesses indoor air quality in stations of the Barcelona subway system. PM2.5 concentrations on the platforms of 4 subway stations were measured during two different seasons and the chemical composition was determined. A Positive Matrix Factorization analysis was performed to identify and quantify the contributions of major PM2.5 sources in the subway stations. Mean PM2.5 concentrations varied according to the stations design and seasonal periods. PM2.5 was composed of haematite, carbonaceous aerosol, crustal matter, secondary inorganic compounds, trace elements, insoluble sulphate and halite. Organic compounds such as PAHs, nicotine, levoglucosan and aromatic musk compounds were also identified. Subway PM2.5 source comprised emissions from rails, wheels, catenaries, brake pads and pantographs. The subway source showed different chemical profiles for each station, but was always dominated by Fe. Control actions on the source are important for the achievement of better air quality in the subway environment.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Origin of inorganic and organic components of PM2.5 in subway stations of Barcelona, Spain Полный текст
2016
Martins, Vânia | Moreno, Teresa | Minguillón, María Cruz | Van Drooge, Barend L. | Reche, Cristina | Amato, Fulvio | de Miguel, Eladio | Capdevila, Marta | Centelles, Sonia | Querol, Xavier | European Commission | Martins, Vânia [0000-0003-2465-5880] | Moreno, Teresa [0000-0003-3235-1027] | Minguillón, María Cruz [0000-0002-5464-0391] | Van Drooge, Barend L. [0000-0002-6434-3390] | Reche, Cristina [0000-0002-3387-3989] | Amato, Fulvio [0000-0003-1546-9154] | Querol, Xavier [0000-0002-6549-9899]
The present work assesses indoor air quality in stations of the Barcelona subway system. PM2.5 concentrations on the platforms of 4 subway stations were measured during two different seasons and the chemical composition was determined. A Positive Matrix Factorization analysis was performed to identify and quantify the contributions of major PM2.5 sources in the subway stations. Mean PM2.5 concentrations varied according to the stations design and seasonal periods. PM2.5 was composed of haematite, carbonaceous aerosol, crustal matter, secondary inorganic compounds, trace elements, insoluble sulphate and halite. Organic compounds such as PAHs, nicotine, levoglucosan and aromatic musk compounds were also identified. Subway PM2.5 source comprised emissions from rails, wheels, catenaries, brake pads and pantographs. The subway source showed different chemical profiles for each station, but was always dominated by Fe. Control actions on the source are important for the achievement of better air quality in the subway environment. © 2015 The Authors. | The present study was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 315760 HEXACOMM, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds ( METRO CGL2012-33066 ), and the IMPROVE LIFE project ( LIFE13 ENV/ES/000263 ). Fulvio Amato is beneficiary of an AXA Research Fund postdoctoral grant. The authors would like to thank the Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona METRO staff who arranged the sampling campaign and contributed actively to this work. Appendix A | Peer reviewed
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Uptake, accumulation and metabolization of the antidepressant fluoxetine by Mytilus galloprovincialis Полный текст
2016
Silva, Liliana J.G. | Martins, Margarida C. | Pereira, André M.P.T. | Meisel, Leonor M. | Gonzalez-Rey, Maria | Bebianno, Maria João | Lino, Celeste M. | Pena, Angelina
Uptake, accumulation and metabolization of the antidepressant fluoxetine by Mytilus galloprovincialis Полный текст
2016
Silva, Liliana J.G. | Martins, Margarida C. | Pereira, André M.P.T. | Meisel, Leonor M. | Gonzalez-Rey, Maria | Bebianno, Maria João | Lino, Celeste M. | Pena, Angelina
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, is among the most prescribed pharmaceutical active substances worldwide. This study aimed to assess its accumulation and metabolization in the mussel Mytillus galloprovincialis, considered an excellent sentinel species for traditional and emerging pollutants. Mussels were collected from Ria Formosa Lagoon, Portugal, and exposed to a nominal concentration of fluoxetine (75 ng L−1) for 15 days. Approximately 1 g of whole mussel soft tissues was extracted with acetonitrile:formic acid, loaded into an Oasis MCX cartridge, and fluoxetine analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn). After 3 days of exposure, fluoxetine was accumulated in 70% of the samples, with a mean of 2.53 ng g−1 dry weight (d.w.) and norfluoxetine was only detected in one sample (10%), at 3.06 ng g−1 d.w. After 7 days of exposure, the accumulation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine increased up to 80 and 50% respectively, and their mean accumulated levels in mussel tissues were up to 4.43 and 2.85 ng g−1 d.w., respectively. By the end of the exposure period (15 days), both compounds were detected in 100% of the samples (mean of 9.31 and 11.65 ng g−1 d.w., respectively). Statistical analysis revealed significant accumulation differences between the 3rd and 15th day of exposure for fluoxetine, and between the 3rd and 7th against the 15th day of exposure for norfluoxetine. These results suggest that the fluoxetine accumulated in mussel tissues is likely to be metabolised into norfluoxetine with the increase of the time of exposure, giving evidence that at these realistic environmental concentrations, toxic effects of fluoxetine in mussel tissues may occur.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Uptake, accumulation and metabolization of the antidepressant fluoxetine by Mytilus galloprovincialis Полный текст
2016
Silva, Liliana J. G. | Martins, Margarida C. | Pereira, André M. P. T. | Meisel, Leonor M. | Gonzalez-Rey, Maria | Bebianno, Maria João | Lino, Celeste M. | Pena, Angelina
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, is among the most prescribed pharmaceutical active substances worldwide. This study aimed to assess its accumulation and metabolization in the mussel Mytillus galloprovincialis, considered an excellent sentinel species for traditional and emerging pollutants. Mussels were collected from Ria Formosa Lagoon, Portugal, and exposed to a nominal concentration of fluoxetine (75 ng L-1) for 15 days. Approximately 1 g of whole mussel soft tissues was extracted with acetonitrile:formic acid, loaded into an Oasis MCX cartridge, and fluoxetine analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn). After 3 days of exposure, fluoxetine was accumulated in 70% of the samples, with a mean of 2.53 ng g(-1) dry weight (d.w.) and norfluoxetine was only detected in one sample (10%), at 3.06 ng g(-1) d.w. After 7 days of exposure, the accumulation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine increased up to 80 and 50% respectively, and their mean accumulated levels in mussel tissues were up to 4.43 and 2.85 ng g(-1) d.w., respectively. By the end of the exposure period (15 days), both compounds were detected in 100% of the samples (mean of 9.31 and 11.65 ng g(-1) d.w., respectively). Statistical analysis revealed significant accumulation differences between the 3rd and 15th day of exposure for fluoxetine, and between the 3rd and 7th against the 15th day of exposure for norfluoxetine. These results suggest that the fluoxetine accumulated in mussel tissues is likely to be metabolised into norfluoxetine with the increase of the time of exposure, giving evidence that at these realistic environmental concentrations, toxic effects of fluoxetine in mussel tissues may occur. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]High levels of microplastic ingestion by the semipelagic fish bogue Boops boops (L.) around the Balearic Islands Полный текст
2016
Nadal, M.A. | Alomar, C. | Deudero, S.
High levels of microplastic ingestion by the semipelagic fish bogue Boops boops (L.) around the Balearic Islands Полный текст
2016
Nadal, M.A. | Alomar, C. | Deudero, S.
For the first time this study reports on the presence of microplastics (1 nm to <5 mm) in the gastrointestinal tracts of small semipelagic fish (Boops boops) in the Balearic Islands (Mediterranean Sea) from March to May 2014. The results show microplastic ingestion in 68% of full stomach samples with an average of 3.75 items per fish. Only filament type microplastics were observed in B. boops full gastrointestinal tracts. The frequency of occurrence of microplastics was high, with values ranging from 42% to 80%, in comparison to the other ingested items. Spatial variability among locations is high, which suggests that this type of contamination is ubiquitously distributed and originates from multiple sources. The results are important and indirectly provide further evidence of the presence of microplastics, which can be ingested by biota, in the marine environment.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]High levels of microplastic ingestion by the semipelagic fish bogue Boops boops (L.) around the Balearic Islands Полный текст
2016
Nadal, Miquel Angel | Alomar, Carme | Deudero, Salud | European Commission
For the first time this study reports on the presence of microplastics (1 nm to <5 mm) in the gastrointestinal tracts of small semipelagic fish (Boops boops) in the Balearic Islands (Mediterranean Sea) from March to May 2014. The results show microplastic ingestion in 68% of full stomach samples with an average of 3.75 items per fish. Only filament type microplastics were observed in B. boops full gastrointestinal tracts. The frequency of occurrence of microplastics was high, with values ranging from 42% to 80%, in comparison to the other ingested items. Spatial variability among locations is high, which suggests that this type of contamination is ubiquitously distributed and originates from multiple sources. The results are important and indirectly provide further evidence of the presence of microplastics, which can be ingested by biota, in the marine environment | This study was funded by the European project: “Towards COast to COast NETworks of marine protected areas (from the shore to the high and deep sea), coupled with sea-based wind energy potential” (grant agreement no: 287844). We acknowledge the Federació Balear de Cofradies de Pescadors (FBCP) for providing data from fishery captures. We appreciate the logistic support from T. Box from the Consell d'Eivissa i Formentera, A. de Mesa, M. Vázquez-Luis and P. Sarriera. | Peer reviewed
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Palaeo-pollution from mining activities in the Vosges Mountains: 1000 years and still bioavailable Полный текст
2016
Mariet, Anne-Lise | de Vaufleury, Annette | Bégeot, Carole | Walter-Simonnet, Anne-Véronique | Gimbert, Frédéric
Palaeo-pollution from mining activities in the Vosges Mountains: 1000 years and still bioavailable Полный текст
2016
Mariet, Anne-Lise | de Vaufleury, Annette | Bégeot, Carole | Walter-Simonnet, Anne-Véronique | Gimbert, Frédéric
Mining and smelting activities have contaminated the environment with trace metals (TMs) at a worldwide scale for at least two millennia. A combination of chemical approaches and active biomonitoring was performed to analyse the environmental availability and bioavailability of TM palaeo-pollution in a former PbAg mining district in the Vosges Mountains, France. Along a soil TM contamination gradient that covered eight stations, including two archaeological mining sites, the toxicokinetics of six TMs (Pb, Cd, As, Ag, Co, Sb) in the snail Cantareus aspersus revealed that palaeo-pollution from the studied sites remains bioavailable. This study provides the first data on the accumulation kinetics of Ag and Co for C. aspersus. The environmental availability of the TMs was estimated with three chemical extraction methods (aqua regia, EDTA 50 mM, CaCl2 10 mM). Univariate regression analyses showed that EDTA extraction is the best method for estimating the bioavailability of Pb, As, Ag, Co and Sb to snails. None of the three extractants was efficient for Cd. A multivariate analysis of bioaccumulation data revealed that TM bioavailability and transfer were modulated by exposure sources (soil, humus and vegetation) rather than by soil physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, although the deposition of mining wastes dates back several centuries, these wastes still represent a source of contamination that must be considered to develop relevant site management and environmental risk assessment.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Palaeo-pollution from mining activities in the Vosges Mountains: 1000 years and still bioavailable Полный текст
2016
Mariet, Anne-Lise | de Vaufleury, Annette | Bégeot, Carole | Walter-Simonnet, Anne-Véronique | Gimbert, Frédéric | Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Funding Agency and Grant Number : French "Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie" (ADEME); Conseil Regional de Franche-Comte; University of Franche-Comte (BQR PRES); French national program EC2CO-Ecodyn (POLMIN); University of Bourgogne (BQR PRES)
International audience | Mining and smelting activities have contaminated the environment with trace metals (TMs) at a worldwide scale for at least two millennia. A combination of chemical approaches and active biomonitoring was performed to analyse the environmental availability and bioavailability of TM palaeo-pollution in a former Pb-Ag mining district in the Vosges Mountains, France. Along a soil TM contamination gradient that covered eight stations, including two archaeological mining sites, the toxicokinetics of six TMs (Pb, Cd, As, Ag, Co, Sb) in the snail Cantareus aspersus revealed that palaeo-pollution from the studied sites remains bioavailable. This study provides the first data on the accumulation kinetics of Ag and Co for C. aspersus. The environmental availability of the TMs was estimated with three chemical extraction methods (aqua regia, EDTA 50 mM, CaCl2 10 mM). Univariate regression analyses showed that EDTA extraction is the best method for estimating the bioavailability of Pb, As, Ag, Co and Sb to snails. None of the three extractants was efficient for Cd. A multivariate analysis of bioaccumulation data revealed that TM bioavailability and transfer were modulated by exposure sources (soil, humus and vegetation) rather than by soil physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, although the deposition of mining wastes dates back several centuries, these wastes still represent a source of contamination that must be considered to develop relevant site management and environmental risk assessment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Microplastic pollution in the Greenland Sea: Background levels and selective contamination of planktivorous diving seabirds Полный текст
2016
Amélineau, F. | Bonnet, D. | Heitz, O. | Mortreux, V. | Harding, A.M.A. | Karnovsky, N. | Walkusz, W. | Fort, J. | Grémillet, D.
Microplastic pollution in the Greenland Sea: Background levels and selective contamination of planktivorous diving seabirds Полный текст
2016
Amélineau, F. | Bonnet, D. | Heitz, O. | Mortreux, V. | Harding, A.M.A. | Karnovsky, N. | Walkusz, W. | Fort, J. | Grémillet, D.
Microplastics have been reported everywhere around the globe. With very limited human activities, the Arctic is distant from major sources of microplastics. However, microplastic ingestions have been found in several Arctic marine predators, confirming their presence in this region. Nonetheless, existing information for this area remains scarce, thus there is an urgent need to quantify the contamination of Arctic marine waters. In this context, we studied microplastic abundance and composition within the zooplankton community off East Greenland. For the same area, we concurrently evaluated microplastic contamination of little auks (Alle alle), an Arctic seabird feeding on zooplankton while diving between 0 and 50 m. The study took place off East Greenland in July 2005 and 2014, under strongly contrasted sea-ice conditions. Among all samples, 97.2% of the debris found were filaments. Despite the remoteness of our study area, microplastic abundances were comparable to those of other oceans, with 0.99 ± 0.62 m−3 in the presence of sea-ice (2005), and 2.38 ± 1.11 m−3 in the nearby absence of sea-ice (2014). Microplastic rise between 2005 and 2014 might be linked to an increase in plastic production worldwide or to lower sea-ice extents in 2014, as sea-ice can represent a sink for microplastic particles, which are subsequently released to the water column upon melting. Crucially, all birds had eaten plastic filaments, and they collected high levels of microplastics compared to background levels with 9.99 and 8.99 pieces per chick meal in 2005 and 2014, respectively. Importantly, we also demonstrated that little auks took more often light colored microplastics, rather than darker ones, strongly suggesting an active contamination with birds mistaking microplastics for their natural prey. Overall, our study stresses the great vulnerability of Arctic marine species to microplastic pollution in a warming Arctic, where sea-ice melting is expected to release vast volumes of trapped debris.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Microplastic pollution in the Greenland Sea: Background levels and selective contamination of planktivorous diving seabirds Полный текст
2016
Amélineau, Françoise | Bonnet, Delphine | Heitz, Olivier | Mortreux, Serge | Harding, Ann M.A. | Karnovsky, Nina J. | Walkusz, Wojciech | Fort, Jérôme | Grémillet, David | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université de Montpellier (UM) | Alaska Pacific University | Pomona College | Fisheries and Oceans ; Fisheries and Oceans | Institute of Oceanology ; Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences (PAN) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology ; University of Cape Town
International audience | Microplastics have been reported everywhere around the globe. With very limited human activities, the Arctic is distant from major sources of microplastics. However, microplastic ingestions have been found in several Arctic marine predators, confirming their presence in this region. Nonetheless, existing information for this area remains scarce, thus there is an urgent need to quantify the contamination of Arctic marine waters. In this context, we studied microplastic abundance and composition within the zooplankton community off East Greenland. For the same area, we concurrently evaluated microplastic contamination of little auks (Alle alle), an Arctic seabird feeding on zooplankton while diving between 0 and 50 m. The study took place off East Greenland in July 2005 and 2014, under strongly contrasted sea-ice conditions. Among all samples, 97.2% of the debris found were filaments. Despite the remoteness of our study area, microplastic abundances were comparable to those of other oceans, with 0.99 ± 0.62 m−3 in the presence of sea-ice (2005), and 2.38 ± 1.11 m−3 in the nearby absence of sea-ice (2014). Microplastic rise between 2005 and 2014 might be linked to an increase in plastic production worldwide or to lower sea-ice extents in 2014, as sea-ice can represent a sink for microplastic particles, which are subsequently released to the water column upon melting. Crucially, all birds had eaten plastic filaments, and they collected high levels of microplastics compared to background levels with 9.99 and 8.99 pieces per chick meal in 2005 and 2014, respectively. Importantly, we also demonstrated that little auks took more often light colored microplastics, rather than darker ones, strongly suggesting an active contamination with birds mistaking microplastics for their natural prey. Overall, our study stresses the great vulnerability of Arctic marine species to microplastic pollution in a warming Arctic, where sea-ice melting is expected to release vast volumes of trapped debris.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effect of soil properties, heavy metals and emerging contaminants in the soil nematodes diversity Полный текст
2016
Gutiérrez, Carmen | Fernández, Carlos | Escuer, Miguel | Campos-Herrera, Raquel | Beltrán Rodríguez, Mª Eulalia | Carbonell, Gregoria | Rodríguez Martín, Jose Antonio
Effect of soil properties, heavy metals and emerging contaminants in the soil nematodes diversity Полный текст
2016
Gutiérrez, Carmen | Fernández, Carlos | Escuer, Miguel | Campos-Herrera, Raquel | Beltrán Rodríguez, Mª Eulalia | Carbonell, Gregoria | Rodríguez Martín, Jose Antonio
Among soil organisms, nematodes are seen as the most promising candidates for bioindications of soil health. We hypothesized that the soil nematode community structure would differ in three land use areas (agricultural, forest and industrial soils), be modulated by soil parameters (N, P, K, pH, SOM, CaCO3, granulometric fraction, etc.), and strongly affected by high levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Hg) and emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs). Although these pollutants did not significantly affect the total number of free-living nematodes, diversity and structure community indices vastly altered. Our data showed that whereas nematodes with r-strategy were tolerant, genera with k-strategy were negatively affected by the selected pollutants. These effects diminished in soils with high levels of heavy metals given their adaptation to the historical pollution in this area, but not to emerging pollutants like PPCPs.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effect of soil properties, heavy metals and emerging contaminants in the soil nematodes diversity Полный текст
2016
Gutiérrez, Carmen | Fernández, Carlos | Escuer, Miguel | Campos-Herrera, Raquel | Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María | Carbonell, G. | Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio
Among soil organisms, nematodes are seen as the most promising candidates for bioindications of soil health. We hypothesized that the soil nematode community structure would differ in three land use areas (agricultural, forest and industrial soils), be modulated by soil parameters (N, P, K, pH, SOM, CaCO3, granulometric fraction, etc.), and strongly affected by high levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Hg) and emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs). Although these pollutants did not significantly affect the total number of free-living nematodes, diversity and structure community indices vastly altered. Our data showed that whereas nematodes with r-strategy were tolerant, genera with k-strategy were negatively affected by the selected pollutants. These effects diminished in soils with high levels of heavy metals given their adaptation to the historical pollution in this area, but not to emerging pollutants like PPCPs. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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