Source Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/591016/) | International audience | A survey was conducted to determine the structural typology of animal husbandry in Northern Algeria. One hundred camel breeders spread over the three regions of Ghardaïa province were surveyed. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed 5 types of camel breeders, classified by the diversity of their herds. Type 1: representing 33% of the breeders surveyed; are breeders who have mixed herds (camels, sheep and goats) with a small camel population or only camels. Type 2: representing 19% of breeders, these breeders have mixed herd dominated by camels. Type 3: representing 18% of breeders, these breeders have mixed herd dominated by sheep, with a moderate number of camels. Type 4: representing 11% of breeders, these breeders own only sheep and camels. Type 5: representing 19% of the breeders, they own mixed herd with ovine dominance and few camels. The promotion of sustainable livestock activities in southern Algeria is essential to help ensure a steady supply of animal protein for the oasis populations. | Une enquête a été réalisée auprès de 100 éleveurs de dromadaires répartis sur les trois zones de la willaya de Ghardaïa. Les informations recueillies ont permis d'élaborer une typologie structurale des systèmes d'élevages pratiqués après analyse statistique. Celle-ci a fait ressortir 5 types d'éleveurs camelins représentant leur diversité. Type 1: représentant 33% de l'effectif des éleveurs enquêtés; ce sont des éleveurs qui possèdent des troupeaux mixtes (camelins, ovins et caprins) avec un faible effectif camelin ou que des troupeaux camelins avec un faible effectif. Type 2: (19% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance cameline. Type 3: (18% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance ovine avec un effectif moyen de camelins. Type 4: (11% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux d'ovins et camelins seulement. Type 5: (19% des éleveurs) ils possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance ovine et un effectif réduit de camelins. La promotion d'activités durables d'élevage dans le Sud algérien est indispensable pour contribuer à assurer un approvisionnement régulier en protéines animales pour les populations oasiennes.

Notice a Reprendre pas de Clé UT au 5 Mai 2017 | 85 Algerian white population rabbits were used to study the effect on the growth performances of fig-tree (Ficus carica, 12.8%, 30.6% and 15 % DM respectively of CP, NDF and ADL) leaves incorporated in pelleted diets in association with Sulla hay (Hedysarum flexuosum). At weaning (35 d, 674±390 g), the rabbits were divided in three groups (individually caged) and received ad libitum one of the three diets during six weeks. The control (T, n=25), diet was classic diet and content barley, dehydrated alfalfa, soya bean meal and wheat bran. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 25% of Sulla hay and either 15% (F1, n =30) or 30% (F2, n =30) dried fig tree leaves in total replacement of dehydrated alfalfa and barley. The diet F1 contained also wheat bran to contain only raw materials available locally. During the whole period (35-77 d), feed intake was at the same level with the three diets (121.3 ± 6.5 g/d), as well as growth (35.3 ± 2.4g/d) and feed conversion ratio (3.37 ± 0.21). According, fig-tree leaves (Ficus carica) could be incorporated in pellet diet for fattening rabbits associated with Sulla ( Hedysarum flexuosum), in total replacement of barley, dehydrated alfalfa and eventually soya bean meal to contain only locally available raw materials. They permitted substantial performances as those of control diet without negative effect on health and the zootechnic performances. | 85 lapins de population locale blanche ont été utilisés pour étudier l’effet sur les performances de croissance de l’incorporation, dans l’aliment granulé, de feuilles de Figuier (Ficus carica ; 12,8% ; 30,6% et 15 % MS respectivement de PB, NDF et ADL) associées au foin de Sulla (Hedysarum flexuosum). Au sevrage (35 j, 674±390 g), les lapins ont été répartis en trois lots homogènes, logés individuellement et ont reçu ad libitum un des trois aliments durant 6 semaines. Le témoin (T, n=25), un aliment classique, contenait de la luzerne déshydratée, du son de blé, de l’orge et du tourteau de soja. Les deux aliments expérimentaux contenaient 25% de foin de Sulla et soit 15% (F1, n =30) soit 30% (F2, n =30) de feuilles séchées de Figuier (FF), en remplacement total de la luzerne et de l’orge. L’aliment F1, équilibré avec du son de blé, ne contenait que des matières premières disponibles localement.Durant la période globale (35-77 j), la consommation a été similaire entre les trois aliments (121 ± 6,5g/j), ainsi que la vitesse de croissance (35,3 ± 2,4g/j) et l'indice de consommation de l’aliment (3,37 ± 0,21). Ainsi, les feuilles de Figuier (Ficus carica) peuvent être incorporées dans l’aliment granulé pour lapins en engraissement associées à du foin de Sulla (Hedysarum flexuosum), en remplacement de l’orge, de la luzerne déshydratée et éventuellement du tourteau de soja pour ne contenir que des matières premières disponibles localement. Elles ont permis des performances appréciables au même niveau que celles de l’aliment témoin sans effets négatifs sur la santé et les performances zootechniques.

The desire to reduce food insecurity and poverty in developing countries is the essential justification to take into consideration rural agro-pastoral activities. Thus this paper proposes a typological study of sedentary farmers in the semi-arid zone of Cameroon which was conducted between January and May 2014. 400 sedentary farmers were surveyed in four cities including Mindif, Doukoula, Koza and Maroua.Descriptive statistics helped to highlight that 100% of sedentary farmers practice agriculture. The fattening of ruminants is an activity that increasingly recruits sedentary farmers. This applies to Mindif where virtually all farmers practice sedentary fattening of ruminants. The factor analysis revealed two main components of variables characterizing the sedentaryfarmers. The extensive sedentary farming group is made up of 66% of producers in the area. The extensive sedentary farming group is made up of 66% of producers in the area. In the group of semi-intensive sedentary farmers, producers are increasingly farming a real business. This group could be a base for the development of animal production of second generation. | Pour réduire l’insécurité alimentaire et la pauvreté dans les pays en voie de développement une analyse des activités agropastorales en milieu rural est nécessaire. La typologie est à la base de cette analyse. Ainsi une étude typologique des élevages sédentaires en zone semi-aride du Cameroun a été menée entre janvier et mai 2014. Pour cela, 400 éleveurs sédentaires ont été enquêtés dans 4 communes dont celles de Mindif, Doukoula, Koza et la communauté de Maroua.Les statistiques descriptives ont montré que 100% des éleveurs sédentaires pratiquent l’agriculture. L’engraissement des ruminants est une activité qui recrute de plus en plus les éleveurs sédentaires. C’est le cas à Mindif où la quasi-totalité des éleveurs sédentaires pratique l’embouche des ruminants. L’analyse factorielle fait ressortir deux composantes principales des variables caractérisant les éleveurs étudiés. La classification two-step a été utilisée à et effet. Le groupe des élevages sédentaires extensifs englobe 66% des producteurs de la zone. Dans le groupe des élevages sédentaires semi-intensifs les producteurs font de plus en plus de l’élevage unvéritable business. Ce groupe pourrait constituer un socle pour le développement des productions animales de deuxième génération.

International audience | A silvopastoral grazing system (SP) was compared with confinement (CF) to determine the growth and general performance of weaned Pelibuey lambs under experimental conditions. Animals were from the Experiment Station “Indio Hatuey” flock of Matanzas, Cuba. The trial began with weaning in March and April at 4 months after lambing, with the lambs weighing around 13 kg, and lasted for 125 days. After being drenched with Levamisol, 25 lambs were grown on the SP with 18 to 21 lambs/ha, and 25 lambs were grown in CF. A rustic shed was used for CF with 1.5 to 1.8 m2 per animal. The CF lambs were fed cut and carried chopped forage (60% Pennisetum purpureum, 40% Morus alba), and dehydrated citrus pulp at 0.8 to 1.0 kg/lamb per day was offered as supplement in both treatments. The nutritive value of the woody forage species established in both systems was determined with the French expression system. Data were analyzed by Proc Mixed procedure of SAS. For the whole experimental period differences (P< 0.001) were obtained for average daily gain and incidence of gastrointestinal parasitism, mainly from Haemonchus contortus (2117 vs. 144 EPG of faeces) for SP and CF feeding systems, respectively. Lambs from CF (88.5 vs. 48.2 g/d) and males (77.8 vs. 58.9 g/d) exceeded SP and females in daily weight gains. Morbidity rate was explicitly higher in SP, and consequently, the survival level was better under CF experimental conditions (8% mortality in SP vs. 0% in CF). Advantages of the CF feeding system were mainly related to the reduced helminthiasis, which influences feed intake and efficiency, morbidity, growth rate, and survival rate as well. Under the particular conditions of this experiment, these results suggest that CF of lambs, adopting integrative approach with rational use of natural and local resources, can be a good alternative for improving the growth and welfare of growing lambs in the tropics.

International audience | The existing Andean dairy production patterns are scarcely known and yet they play a major role in the household food security of many families. This study examines the consistency of forage management through the monitoring of 8 dairy farmers of a community living in the harsh conditions of the dry Peruvian Andes and the analysis of their production practices. The Sinto farmers are able to produce milk throughout the year despite the very dry climatic conditions by adjusting cattle groups, grazing rotationaly on irrigated alfalfa fields, farming large rangelands zones and exchanging standing forage with other farmers. Although the milk production per cow is low, the milk yield per hectare of alfalfa field is relatively high. This can be interpreted both as an optimisation of the system with regards to the restrictive factor which is the irrigated land and as a risk management, two components that may be considered to evaluate the sustainability of these livestock farming systems and to propose development options.

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International audience | Reproductive performances of the Creole goat, the meat breed of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean, are described from a database generated for 15 years (1973 to 1988) at an experimental farm of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, Guadeloupe, French West Indies). The data contain information on 599 females, 2259 attempted matings, 2135 achieved matings and 1904 kiddings. Animals were reared under semi-intensive management conditions (on the basis of feeding system, health and culling policy). Main sources of variation were analysed: mating type (buck in permanence or buck effect), mating season (dry, intermediate and humid season) and rank of kidding. The Creole goat is a continuous breeder. On average 94.5 percent of exposed females were mated (defined as mating rate) and 90.5 percent of exposed females achieved a kidding (fertility rate). Their prolificacy reached 1.98 kids/kidding, with only 3.9 percent of kids born dead. These reproductive parameters varied essentially with rank of kidding but very poorly with the mating season. Productivity of these females was regularly high during their whole lifetime production. From the results obtained, it is concluded that Creole goats have very high reproductive performances, provided that animal husbandry and nutrition are adequate.

peer reviewed | The Algerian agricultural sector faces the challenge to meet the food needs of its population despite low agricultural capacity, resulting in increasing pressure on natural resources. This paper aims to inventory the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to livestock sector in the rural area of Chemini (province of Bejaia), taking into account the emissions due to enteric fermentation, in the form of methane, and manure management, in the form of methane and nitrous oxide. Emissions intensity, expressed in CO2- equivalents (CO2-eq) per kg of edible protein, was included in the study. Ruminants contribute to 94% of livestock GHG emissions and to 53% of protein production, with a large share due to cattle. The main part of emissions is related to enteric fermentation. High-producing cattle present the lowest emission intensity of the ruminant category with 24 kg CO2-eq per kg protein. Chickens produce 2.7% of livestock related emissions but provide 47% of animal protein. It results in low emission intensities whereas important difference is noticed between backyard and industrialized systems (around 21 versus 1 kg CO2-eq per kg protein, respectively). Improvement of animal performance should contribute to mitigate the environmental impact of livestock production in Algeria.

International audience | Au Sénégal, l'apparition des petites unités laitières semble être un facteur important dans le développement d'un système local amélioré de production laitière. Pour aborder cette réflexion, un aperçu a été conduit en 2002 à Kolda, au sud du Sénégal. L'approche "filière" a été choisie pour évaluer les transferts physiques, les niveaux des prix, la gestion de la qualité et l'organisation économique du secteur. Les résultats prouvent que les quantités de lait récoltées par les petites unités de traitement se sont accrues de 21 250 litres en 1996 à 113 600 litres en 2001. Avec la concurrence du lait en poudre importé, le futur développement du système dépendra certainement de l'amélioration des niveaux de productivité mais également de la satisfaction des besoins du consommateur en termes de qualité et de prix. Plus d'attention devrait être prêtée à la qualité spécifique des produits locaux.

Field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University (54º52′ N, 23º49′ E) in Lithuania. Winter wheat was grown on the background of N150P90K90 mineral fertilization and was additionally foliar-fertilized with different concentrations of amino acid solutions (0.5-3.0%) at stem elongation and heading stages. The study was aimed to establish protein content as well as quantitative and qualitative distribution of amino acids in winter wheat grain as influenced by fertilization with different concentrations of amino acids. Experimental evidence showed that solutions with different concentrations of amino acids applied at winter wheat stem elongation and heading stages increased grain protein content and total amino acids contents. Plants, fertilized with amino acids solutions at stem elongation stage accumulated higher protein content by on average 4.8%, at heading stage by 4.5% compared with the grain protein content of plants that had not received amino acids fertilization. The total amino acids content in winter wheat grain in response to amino acids applied at stem elongation stage increased by on average 2.0 g kg-1, at heading stage by 5.3 g kg-1. Nonessential and essential amino acids content in winter wheat grain was significantly increased by 2.5 and 3.0% amino acids solutions, applied at stem elongation stage by 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% amino acids solutions applied at heading stage. Winter wheat fertilization with amino acids solutions at stem elongation stage mostly increased the content of glutamic acid, at heading stage mostly increased the contents of glutamic, aspartic, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine and lysine acids.