Analyzing spatial planning system in different countries could help make appropriate decisions to improve functional system of planning in our country. Belgium, inspite of its limited area, has a unique planning system which is derived from political and social condition. Belgium has a federal system which is composed of three cultural societies and three economic regions. Spatial planning is in the authority of economic regions and each region has a different planning system. In the article general characteristics of the Belgium, urbanism problems and finally a brief of spatial planning system in the country has been presented. Analyzing spatial planning system in different countries could help make appropriate decisions to improve functional system of planning in our country. Belgium, inspite of its limited area, has a unique planning system which is derived from political and social condition. Belgium has a federal system which is composed of three cultural societies and three economic regions. Spatial planning is in the authority of economic regions and each region has a different planning system. In the article general characteristics of the Belgium, urbanism problems and finally a brief of spatial planning system in the country has been presented.

Spain has had so many evolutions in its urban planning system and it is one of the countries with regional system. Regarding to its successful experience in this issue, this research tries to look over this system. In this respect, we will introduce the general characteristic of this country and will review urban system in its different levels. At the end, we will point to new urban acts and actions. Results show that despite this country’s activity in all national, regional and local levels, there is a strong planning in regional level. In recent years, it has also established new regulations to bridge the gaps in the urban planning system. In recent years, it has also established new regulations to bridge the gaps in the urban planning system.

This paper considers the spatial planning system in Russian Federation. Study of spatial planning system of Russia specifies three different stages from each other. The first phase consists of the sixteenth century until the early twentieth century. In this period, base of the spatial planning was formed and gradually developed during approximately 400 years. The next phase is devoted to Soviet domination. Under reliance on centralized state power and socialist ideas, spatial planning declines or can be implemented by specific and different opinions. In the third period, from creation of Russian Federation in the late twentieth century to today, territorial planning schemes are adopted at various levels of national, regional and local with emphasis on RF Urban Development Code. This era promises regular move that its perspective is provision of more appropriate context for more consistency, transparency and participation of different actors, implementation and efficiency.

Today, the development of agricultural industries, especially small and efficient agricultural sector has been paid more attention. The development of rural industries in the country led to job creation and absorption of surplus labor force in agriculture and also resulted in more exports and foreign exchange. This paper evaluates development indicators of process industries and accesses to regional inequalities in the cities of Isfahan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical. This paper tries to examine the process industries associated with agriculture in Isfahan province. Therefore, statistical data was collected and processed by SPSS and Arc View. The status of Isfahan process industries was analyzed using PIDI (Process industry development index) in order to grade the city industries conditions so that we can propose more desirable planning for optimal process industries and the processing of agricultural products. The results show that the eastern cities of the province are disadvantaged in terms of this index and are considered as the first priority in order to develop appropriate measures. The second level includes western and southern cities that are the second priority for the development. Last level of development has been drawn linearly from North-West to South-East and the final priority is allocated to this level.

Zagros forests are a treasure of various valuable species of oak in Iran and the world. Long-term misuse in the past has caused severe degradation in the Zagros forests. Recently these forests have become national but misuses by local people to make living because of poverty and unemployment are continued. In order to reduce degradation and improve sustainability, ecological capability for extensive ecotourism was assessed using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), geographic information system (GIS) & remote sensing (RS) in 9150 hectare of Baneh forests. The ecological criteria and sub-criteria affecting the evaluation were selected based on the literature and expert choice. The criteria and sub-criteria were weighted using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Sub-criteria were mapped on 1:50000 scale using available maps, field work and IRS-P6 satellite data. Then sub-criteria maps were classified and classes were scored according to literature review and expert judgments. An extensive ecotourism priority map was created using GIS-based weighted linear combination (WLC) model by MCE analysis. The most important criteria of extensive ecotourism in study area were water resources, landscape and climate. Of the whole area, 450, 7883 & 817 hectare were in 1, 2 & 3 priorities. According to compatibility of extensive ecotourism with present land uses, it can exist in the whole parts of study area ecologically. In addition, this study demonstrated the potentiality of integrating MCDM, GIS and RS techniques for resource allocation in ecotourism planning.

In the early years, the rising of the sea level, which is a part of natural treatment, destroyed many buildings, arable lands, residential and commercial areas. It seems that the main reason of these destructions is the diminishing of the legal setback efficiency and the proceeding of human activities. The aim of this study is to introduce the appropriate setback for southern coast of Caspian Sea (Gilan province) on the basis of critical levels of Caspian Sea and the results of coastal vulnerability regarding sea level rise. This setback is composed of two parts, vertical buffer and horizontal buffer. In this study, CVI method (coastal vulnerability index) was used for coastal vulnerability assessment. In this method, five variables were employed as in two sub-indexes, natural and human-induced sub-indexes. The final map is divided into four categories, from low to very high vulnerability. Finally the mean distance from the very high vulnerability category to vertical buffer boundary in every district is introduced as the horizontal buffer.

Nowadays because of various factors, including inappropriate land use, and indiscriminate exploitation of water resources, soil and vegetation, wide areas of the country were exposed to destruction of lands and desertification. Therefore dealing with this situation requires a comprehensive land use program (water and land) and appropriate environment potency. The study area is Patom district of research-educational forest in natural resources College of Tehran University, which is called kheyrud forest. In this research, the map of environmental units was prepared in which each unit contains different ecological condition from adjacent units. Moreover, the information of less stable resources of ecosystem was prepared and then the process of land capability determination was performed using specific models which were extracted from Makhdoum models. The results declared that this district of forest with attention to the work scale (1:10000) has management capabilities for harvesting, protection and ecotourism. To move towards sustainable development, providing the community needs and various expectations of natural resources, forest management should pay attention to the multiple use of forest with regarding to the ecological potency of region

Inappropriate patterns and drastic changes in land-use have caused the severe environmental crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to accomplish any plan in relation to establishment of different activities with respect to land capabilities and land-use evaluation thought. In this study, ecological capabilities and the site selection of land uses in Babolrood basin, Mazandaran province were evaluated. For this purpose, at first, layers and necessary data were collected and then using GIS and systemic analysis method, the ecological capability for each one of uses such as forestry, agriculture, range management, ecotourist, conservation and urban, rural and industry development were evaluated. After that, based on social - economic studies and ecological capability, the final map of land-use planning for study area was prepared. The results show that 73.28 percent of the area is suitable for forestry land use and 5.53, 13.01, 6.87 and 1.31 percent of the area is suitable for intensive ecotourism, extensive ecotourism, agricultures and conservation purposes, respectively.

The environment impact assessment studies have started with the approval environment impact assessment pattern by sustainable development committee in 1997, but theirs reports are prepared with the different qualities and generally are not comprehensive. Therefore, for considering all aspects of environment, complimentary studis are neccessary. Althoagh many of iran’s dams have environment impact assessment report. they created several problems in their areas. In this study for environment impact assessment of Zablo Dam matrix method was used. Study results have shown that the sum of negative effects are 632 and the negative effects are -524. so that Chahnimeh Four Construction despite of having negative impacts has higher positive impacts on social, economic and biological environment Then Chah nimeh could be implemented.

Cities have hinterlands which depend on various factors such as economic power, population, distance and etc. Tehran megalopolis has also numerous hinterlands .Tehran as the capital city of the country is considered at the top of urban system hierarchy and has a very special place from economic, political, educational and etc. points of view. All these abilities cause a daily stream of people from the towns in the vicinity entering for work and business and returning home at the end of the day as their activities are over. Also thousands of university students and professors commute between Tehran and suburban towns every day. Considering all of these items defines Tehran hinterland. Then the question is that what areas would make Tehran megalopolis hinterland? Because of economics, presentation of services and so on determining Tehran hinterland is of a great importance. This paper shows that towns closer to Tehran are more influenced than other ones. The south, southwest and the west of Tehran are more likely to be affected as for the ease of access, concentration of population and economic activities.