This study was conducted in styrofoam trays placed on an aerated nutrient solution in vats in order to determine the effect of different nutrient solutions on rocket plant growth, yield and quality. Seeds of Bengi F1 rocket cultivar were sown into peat as inserting each seed to each hole (17 ccs) of trays with 210 cells (957 plant m-2). Following germination in the germination chamber, seedling trays were moved to a climate controlled greenhouse for adaptation. After emergence, the seedlings were transferred to water culture. The nutrient solution was applied as “full dose” (mg/L: N 150, P 50, K 150, Ca 150, Mg 50, Fe 5.0, Mn 0.50, Zn 0.05, B 0.50, Cu 0.03, Mo 0.02), “half dose” (macro elements reduced by 50%) and “without nutrients” (water). Cultivation was performed in 2 consecutive periods and in each period 3 harvests were done and quality analysis was done on the leaves from the first harvest. Results were given as the mean of two periods. Results showed that plant growth, yield and quality parameters vary depending on the concentration of the nutrient solution. It was observed that as the concentration of nutrient solution decreased, plant growth, biomass, yield values decreased, leaf color and total chlorophyll concentration did not change and while nitrate content decreased, vitamin C content increased. Leaf N, P, K and Fe element contents decreased with half dose, whereas Ca and Mg content did not change. However, there was no statistical difference between full dose and half dose treatments in many measured parameters. When all the data obtained from the study are evaluated together; it is suggested that rocket can be grown in a floating water culture and the dose of macro elements as reduced 50% can be preferred because it reduces the nitrate content, increases the vitamin C content and allows the use of less fertilizers without causing any significant reduction in yield compared with full dose.

Bu çalışmada, tüketicilerin sosyal etki, çevresel duyarlılık ve çevresel bilincinin yeşil ürün satın alma davranışı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Antalya ilinde 384 kişiye yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri analizi, SPSS 22 ve AMOS 20 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler Cronbach Alpha Katsayısı yöntemi, Normallik testi, Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sosyal etkinin, yeşil ürün satın alma davranışı üzerinde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu, çevresel duyarlılık ve çevre bilincinin yeşil ürün satın alma davranışı üzerinde zayıf ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

This study was carried out in greenhouse and laboratories of Department of Horticulture (Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey) in 2013-2014 production seasons in Ordu ecological condition. Commercial garden cress standard seeds were used as plant materials. Plant densities were calculated upon the seed quantity spread on 1 m2, and seeds were sown for 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g per m2. Peat: perlite mix prepared in proportion of 3:1 was used as the growing medium and filled in 50×16×14 cm sized plastic pots. The garden cress plants were harvested on the 45th day after seeding. The yield, leaf petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll content of the harvested plants were determined. It has been determined that quality parameters vary depending on plant density and varieties. The highest plant yield was obtained from “BT Bu-ter” garden cress variety with 2.489.2 g/m2. The plant yield in different plant densities was increased in the rates varying between 3.31% and 8.25%. The increasing plant densities caused an increase in yield but negatively affected the leaf quality in terms of both length and chlorophyll content. Leaf width, leaf length, leaf petiole length and chlorophyll content were decreased depending on the increase in plant densities. Based on the information obtained, it was considered useful to choose a plant densities based on the variety and growing season according to the growing purpose.

Carotenoids which are a lipophilic component are an organic pigment with antioxidant properties that contain conjugated double bonds. Research on carotenoids have recently concentrated on functional foods, bioavailability and pharmacology due to their potential health benefits to humans. Carotenoid components are occurred a reduction of the biological activity by effect of undesired environmental conditions such as oxygen, heat, light, humidity during food processing and storage or gastrointestinal tract. Applicability in aqueous systems of carotenoids is limited because of lipophilic. Therefore, microencapsulation is an effective way to overcome these problems. Various microencapsulation technique such as spray drying, freeze drying, extrusion, conservation and emulsification has been developed. Besides selected microencapsulation method, coating material is also important in the encapsulation. Recently, multi-layers emulsification method is attracted interest in improving stability, availability in aqueous system and bioavailability of carotenoid load microcapsules. İt is stated in studies that developed microencapsulation techniques or using combine microencapsulation techniques increase encapsulation efficiency and yield. In the present paper, it is aimed to present using microencapsulation techniques in order to enhance stability and bioavailability of carotenoids which are a sensitive component, and current research, developments and trends about the subject.

In our study, validation was carried out at 24 and 200 mg/kg enrichment for residue analysis of nitrate active substance only in lettuce samples. Analyses were performed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in lettuce, spinach, salad and arugula samples. In order to eliminate the matrix effect, matrix calibration was used, ie calibration of lettuce samples. Validation of the method was performed with criteria such as precision, repeatability, repeatability limit, reproducibility, repeatability limit, accuracy, linearity of calibration and recovery. The calibration curve was found as linear in the range of 0.2-40 mg/kg. The recovery from the samples is between 97.3-100.2 %. The repeatability and reproducibility values for the two concentrations were 1.89 (matrix+24 ppm) and 3.65 (matrix+200 ppm), 3.951 (matrix+24 ppm) and 3.456 (matrix+200 ppm), respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility limit values are within acceptable limits. Accuracy, precision, combined uncertainty and extended uncertainty (95% confidence: k=2) were found as 0.015 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.004 (matrix+200 ppm), 0.039 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.006 (matrix+200 ppm), 0.041 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.007 (matrix+200 ppm), 0.082 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.014 (matrix+200 ppm). In our study, the highest nitrate ratio was determined in spinach with 3486 mg/kg in total 102 samples. Lettuce following spinach (2825 mg/kg) showed lower nitrate content, while lower concentrations of nitrate were detected in iceberg (1985 mg/kg) and arugula (1870 mg/kg), respectively. The results may be useful in estimating body intake levels for research on the effects of nitrite and nitrate on human health in vegetable producers and in our daily diet. In addition, the nitrate content of the vegetables analysed in the study is an indicator of the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the Mediterranean region, but showed no problem for human and animal health.

The aim of this study is to determine the consumption habits of aquatic products in Ardahan province and its districts. The study carried out between 2014 and 2015 was prepared face to face with the consumers by using a questionnaire prepared to measure the consumption habits of aquatic products. The research material consisted of data collected from 302 people by face to face survey method. When the demographic data were analysed according to the results of the study; 73.84% of the respondents were native to Ardahan and 26.15% were immigrants, 38.08% were female, 61.92% were male, the average age was 32.50 and the average monthly income was 1862.80 TL. According to the findings of the study, per capita annual fish consumption is 39 kg and per capita monthly fish consumption is 3.25 kg. The most preferred species of freshwater fish was trout (75.22%), while anchovy was found in marine fish (48.57%). While 21.98% of the participants consume fish, 18.73% chicken, 17.62% veal, 13.52% goose, 13.34% sheep, 6.67% goat meat and 4.19% turkey meat, only 1.71% prefer aquatic species such as mussels and shrimps. The important reason why fish is preferred is being healthy with 45.03%. The other most consumed aquatic products is mussel with 11.92%. It was determined that 76.49% of the consumers did not consume aquatic products other than fish. As a result, it is determined that although there is no coastline of Ardahan and the socio-economic level of the people is not high, the consumption of fish is high. The people of the region who deal with cattle as a source of livelihood prefer to consume aquatic products. In this respect, Ardahan is at the level that can be an example to Turkey.

Bu çalışmada, hanehalkı gıda harcaması içerisinde tavukçuluk ürünlerinin payının bölgelere, yaş gruplarına, eğitim düzeylerine, gelir gruplarına ve meslek gruplarına göre değişimi incelendi. Araştırmada, TR72 Bölgesinde (Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat) ikamet eden 1350 adet tüketicilerle yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler kullanıldı. Araştırma yapılan bölgede hanehalkı gıda harcamaları içerisinde tavukçuluk ürünlerinin aldığı pay ortalama %10 olup, öğrenim durumuna, meslek ve aylık gelir gruplarına göre önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde, bölgede yer alan Kayseri, Sivas ve Yozgat illerinde hanehalkı gıda harcamaları içerisinde tavukçuluk ürünlerinin aldığı pay bakımından istatistiki önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, tavukçuluk ürünlerinin tüketimi üzerine bölgesel ve demografik özellikler önemli etkide bulunmaktadır. Tavukçuluk ürünlerinin üretim ve pazarlamasında, tüketim üzerine etkili olan faktörlerin dikkate alınmasında yarar vardır.

Ülkemizde yağ bitkilerinin arz ettiği öneme binaen bu bitkilerde yapılacak çalışmaların da önemi fazladır. Keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) bitkisi, uygun olmayan koşulları iyi değerlendirebilen yağ bitkilerinin başında gelen bir bitkidir. Dolayısıyla bu bitki üzerinde yetiştirme tekniğine yönelik olarak yapılacak çalışmaların yanında fizyolojik çalışmalarında yapılması özel önem arz etmektedir. Keten bitkisi iki farklı tohum rengine sahiptir. Tohum rengi, keten yağının bileşiminde bulunan bitkisel yağ kompozisyonu ile ilişkilidir. Ketende tane renginin birkaç gen tarafından kontrol edildiği ve markör özellik taşıdığı yapılan çalışmalarda tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada; tane rengi ve tane ağırlığının tohumun biyolojik gücüne etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada bitki materyali olarak; sarı ve kahverengi taneye sahip iki keten hattı ve 1000 tane ağırlığı bakımından küçük ve büyük olmak üzere iki farklı keten grubu kullanılmıştır. Deneme; Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekerrür olarak, 22±1°C’ye ayarlı inkübatörde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucu; tohumun çimlenme gücü üzerine tane renginin etkisinin çok önemli olduğu, tane büyüklüğünün etkisinin ise önemsiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre keten bitkisinde kahverengi tohumların çimlenme gücünün daha yüksek olabileceği, 1000 tane ağırlığı ile çimlenme gücü arasında ise doğrudan bir ilişkinin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

This research was carried out in the greenhouses of Pamukkale University Menderes Basin Agricultural Application and Research Centre in order to determine the effects of different blossom pruning on yield and quality in Ayza F1 tomato cultivars. The experiment consisted three different applications; pruning group having 6 fruits in flower bunch, pruning group having 7 fruits in flower bunch and control group without pruning. As the quality criterion in the tomato cultivar, total amount of water soluble dry matter (TWSDM %), pH, titratable acidity (TA mval 100 ml-1), hardness of fruit flesh (Newton) and antioxidant content (%) were determined. In addition, fruit diameter (cm), fruit length (mm) and weight (g) were detected. Yield parameters such as total yield (g plant-1), marketable yield (g plant-1), number of fruits (number plant-1), average fruit weight (g fruit-1) were considered detailed. Flower pruning having 6 fruits was prominent in terms of marketable yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and dry matter (DM) values. The effects of the applications on the quality characteristics such as fruit index, TWSDM and pH were found to be insignificant and their effects on DM, TA, fruit flesh hardness and antioxidant amount were detected to be significant.

In this study, the age, growth, and gonado-somatic index (GSI) of the Red mullet (Mullus barbatus ponticus Essipov, 1927) from the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey were examined. A total of 1466 M. barbatus ponticus were sampled between September 2010 and August 2011 from trammel net landings in Rize. The total length of Red mullet ranged from 7.42 cm to 17.80 cm and weight ranged from 9.59 g to 50.93 g, regardless of the sex. The sex ratio (♂/♀) was 0.46, with almost twice more females than males. The growth performance of M. barbatus ponticus in the study area is similar to that of the western populations of the same sub-species. A closed season of at least three months (from May to July) banning the use of even the stationary fishing gear will be beneficial for the sustainable stock of management of M. barbatus ponticus in the Black Sea.