In this study, limit application rates and different spray nozzle positions effects on coverage rate, drop diameter and amount of tracer residue values were determined of application defoliating agent before machine harvest on cotton plant. Researches were carried on two phases as indoor area trials and laboratory analysis. In these researches, artificial cotton plants were used. Indoor area trials were conducted two different application rates (20 and 40 L da-1) and three different in spray nozzle positions (NP1, NP2 and NP3) by using conventional hollow cone spray nozzle. 27 pieces of sampling area were determined that they were included the two sides of the plant and plant center position of the upper-middle-lower in initiative area on plants. Six initiative areas were determined in order to record efficiency in initiative area on plants. For the purpose of deposition of trace amounts of substances were determined in sampling area; water-sensitive paper is placed on top that included both over the leaves and beneath the leaves in order to detect each filter paper, and drop diameter, rate of coverage. The amount of deposit on areas that were done analysis in laboratory conditions was determined to with spectrophotometer. Drop diameters and coverage rate detection were done analysis on image analysis. According to the results, it is determined that NP3 which is used generally in 40 L da-1 norm provide the best deposition and coverage rate on applications of defoliant, in addition to pesticide reach on leaf beneath in merely this spray nozzle position.

Telomeres are natural nucleoprotein structures that cover the ends of chromosomes. The phenomenon of telomere shortening, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the genome, occurs gradually over time when cells undergo division due to the end replication issue. Multiple studies have demonstrated a correlation between telomere shortening and a range of illnesses, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality. Diet and lifestyle can affect telomere length. There exists a beneficial association between telomere length and the Mediterranean diet, particularly with regards to the consumption of dietary fiber derived from whole grains and vegetables. Micronutrients such as vitamins and trace elements also play a role in cell metabolism.  Some micronutrients, such as vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12, are associated with telomere biology and cellular aging. Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and epigenetic methylation processes. The present systematic review examines the results from clinical trials conducted in humans evaluating the role of vitamin B12 on telomere length. Cellular senescence is a state characterized by inflammation, altered cellular metabolism, genomic instability, and telomere dysfunction, which can be induced by changes in methylation patterns and oxidative stress. Vitamin B12 maintains antioxidative defense. Through these pathways, sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 may potentially play a role in the restoration of DNA damage. Most of the evidence is based on very few randomized clinical trials. Therefore, more extensive prospective cohort studies and better-designed randomized clinical trials are required to validate the correlations outlined in this review.

The purpose of this study was to prepare eight sub-fractions from leaves and flowers of Erica arborea L., characterize their phytochemicals constituents and investigate their potential antioxidant, in order to validate the beneficial medicinal properties of this shrub in Algeria folk medicine. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s, aluminum chloride and vanillin reagents, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay. E. arborea L. contains various compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, anthraquinones, saponins and terpenoids in different sub-fractions. All the tested extracts showed an appreciable total phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents as well as strong antioxidant capacity. The highest total phenolic and flavonoids content was found in the ethyl acetate extracts ranging from 649.38 to 944.55 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 65.31 to 67.15 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. Whereas, the highest condensed tannins content was found in the crude extract for leaves and aqueous extracts for flowers. The ethyl acetate extract of the flowers and the crude extract of leaves exhibited the better antioxidant activity by DPPH assay (IC50 =17.72 µg/mL) and reducing power assays (IC50 = 2.91 µg/mL), respectively. Our findings indicate that leaves and flowers extracts are rich in natural antioxidant substances and have good qualities in antioxidant properties and may be beneficial against diver’s disorders related to free radicals.

Hidabu Abote, Dera, Wera Jarso and Debra Libanos districts of North Shewa zone are potential in honey production. To enhance this potential, different organizations disseminate improved beehives technologies for the smallholder farmers. However, the impact of the disseminated technologies on household income has not been evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of improved beehive adoption on household income. Purposive and two stage sampling technique was used to select 384 sampled households. The study used logistic regression model to identify the determinants of adoption decision of modern beehive technology while propensity score matching to evaluate the impact of modern beehive technology adoption on household income. The result of logistic regression model shows that age of household head, family size, households experience in beekeeping, frequency of extension contact, access to credit services, access to training and access to beehive demonstration site visit had positive and significant effect on household adoption decision of modern beehive technology. The result of propensity score matching indicates that the adopters of improved beehive technology were earned Birr 2690.383 than non-adopter. The difference in household income between the two groups shows that there is considerable room for improvement of household income through increasing the number of adopter of improved beehives technology in the study area. This should be done through provision of training, credit, extension and expansion of beehive demonstration site among the others.

Throughout history, there has been a reciprocal relationship between humans and space. Even though there are numerous spaces covered by this ongoing relationship process, it has integrated and gained value with educational venues. Mainly because they closely monitor social, cultural, technological, and economic developments and pass on knowledge to future generations, educational spaces play a crucial role in the development of individuals as well as society. It is feasible to conclude from research on educational spaces that the physical environment has a major positive or negative impact on education. To solve the issue that the current Faculty of Fine Arts at Selçuk University could not sufficiently respond to user needs physically, it was decided to construct a new Faculty of Fine Arts building. The primary goal of the study is to design the building using user-oriented techniques that promote social interaction and showcase artistic identity throughout the design phase. A qualitative research approach, based on inspection and observations, was used in the study to gather data, documents, and reports on the topic and to ensure that the architectural programming stages advanced correctly and received ongoing feedback. Studies have confirmed the results, which show that artistic education in structures that provide users with distinct experiences is different from that provided in faculty buildings with a type plan scheme. The process, which involves collaboration between stakeholders from various disciplines and necessitates coordination, is also maintained in a coordinated fashion as a consequence of the study. Because of this, it is believed that buildings with comparable features can offer direction by offering a set of data that may also be reliable for design procedures that are prearranged.

Sugar beet is one of the most economically important agricultural crops cultivated in many provinces of Turkey. Especially in recent years, there has been an increase in bacterial tuber rot due to factors related to climate change. In preliminary trials, soft rot disease by Pectobacterium caratovorum subsp. caratovorum (Pcc) and Pectobacterium betavasculorum (Pb) were detected predominantly in sugar beets in Central Anatolia. Today, some cultural measures and copper compounds are used against soft rot agents in sugar beet, but successful results cannot be obtained in preventing the disease. In this study, a total of 270 soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of 10 different fields in 3 different periods in 3 different ecologically diverse districts (Çumra, Altınekin and Seydişehir) of Konya, one of the provinces with the highest amount of sugar beet production in Turkey. As a result of the isolations, a total of 3064 bacterial isolates were purified and 262 of them showed antibacterial activity against Pcc and Pb in vitro conditions. In addition, 15 antagonist bacteria with the highest inhibitory effect on the development of both pathogens were tested in greenhouse conditions, and according to the results obtained from here, 3 antagonists with the highest effect were tested in field conditions in the cultivation areas of 3 different districts named above. Biochemical, morphological and molecular diagnoses of antagonist bacteria with high efficacy were made. According to the results obtained, it has been concluded that rhizospheric bacteria with antagonistic effect have a success rate of 33-90% against Pcc and Pb pathogens, and that the biological products to be prepared in future studies can be used in ecological, climate friendly and within sustainable agricultural practices in sugar beet production areas.

Foods for special medical purposes are specially produced or formulated with the intention of regulating children's diets for specific nutrition applications, and used under medical surveillance. These food should not offer a microbiological risk to human health as well as their compositions. The purpose of this study was the microbiological evaluation of foods for special medical purposes used in children’s diet. For this evaluation, eleven imported foods for special medical purposes that were sold in Ankara-Turkey were analyzed in terms of Salmonella spp., coagulase positive staphylococci, staphylococcal enterotoxin, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The bacterial examinations were done according to each related EN ISO standart methods. In result of the examination, the microbial growth was not observed on the food samples. In conclusion, the samples investigated have no microbiological risk. Also, consumers should examine their expiration dates during purchase because the expiration dates declared on the foods have showed their microbiological stability.

Based on high dependent of many processing company on palm kernel oil, high quality palm nut cracking machine is not only necessary but also important to revitalize the production of palm kernel in other to meup with ever increasing industrial demand. Different palm kernel beaters; Swing beater (SB) and the conventional type known as rigid beater (RB) of an existing palm kernel cracker were investigated using the moisture content (7, 17, 26% (db)), five different speeds (970, 1200, 1450,1750, 2430rpm) and three different average nut sizes (14.5, 22.15, 29.43mm) of palm kernel nut. Approximately, six thousand palm nuts of Tenera specie were collected, dried, cleaned and sorted to evaluate the machine. Result shows that, the maximum quality efficiency recorded for Swing beater was 89.5% at 17% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. Similarly, for the performance of rigid beater, the maximum quality efficiency of 71.5% was recorded at 26% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. The effect of nut size was however not significant on the quality efficiency however it was generally observed that quality efficiency increased with increase in the nuts size. The machine speed has a significant effect on the quality efficiency. Generally, the quality of the kernel recovered decreased as the machine speed decreased. Beater configuration has significant effect on the quality efficiency of the palm nut cracking machine at 5% significant level. Swing beater can be used instead of conventional beater (rigid beater) to crack palm nut for higher quality of whole kernel recovery.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Trakya Bölgesi’nde iklim değişikliğinin buğday bitkisinin verimine etkisini modellemektir. Bu amaçla, çiftçi tarlasından alınan 2020-2021 dönemi buğday verim değeri, aynı yıla ait iklim verileri kullanılarak LINTUL model ile hesaplanan verim değeri ile karşılaştırılarak kalibre edilmiş ve daha sonra HadGEM2-ES ve MPI-ESM-MR küresel iklim modellerinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryolarından elde edilen iklim verileri ile 2031-2040, 2041-2050, 2051-2060, 2061-2070 ve 2071-2080 dönemleri için verim değerleri tahmin edilmiştir. Ekim ve hasat tarihleri değiştirilmeden iki şekilde verim tahmini yapılmıştır: Birincisinde, ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek sıcaklık, solar radyasyon ve yağış değişimi dikkate alınarak verim hesaplaması yapılmıştır. İkincisinde ise solar radyasyon değerleri 2004-2021 dönemi için sabit tutulurken, ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek sıcaklık ve yağış değişimleri hesaba katılmıştır. Birinci yaklaşımda, HadGEM2-ES modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları için tahmin edilen verim değişimleri sırasıyla %1,5-%7,5 ve -%7,5-%7,5 arasında hesaplanırken, MPI-ESM-MR modeli için yine aynı sırayla %9,0-%13,4 ve %3,0-%16,4 arasında simüle edilmiştir. İkinci yaklaşımda, HadGEM2-ES modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları için tahmin edilen verim değişimleri sırasıyla %4,5-%9,0 ve -%7,5-%7,5 arasında hesaplanırken, MPI-ESM-MR modeli için yine aynı sırayla %10,4-%13,4 ve %4,5-%19,5 arasında tahmin edilmiştir. Verim tahminlerinde sıcaklık ve yağışla birlikte solar radyasyonun etkisinin de mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği; Türkiye’nin diğer bölgelerinin aksine iklim değişimi ile verimin genelde artış yönünde olacağı tahmin edildiğinden gıda güvencesi için Trakya Bölgesi tarım arazilerinin değişimine izin verilmemesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Güvenilir gıdaya sürdürülebilir koşullarda ulaşılabilmesi için değişen dünya ve çevre koşullarında tarımsal üretim yapılması, teknolojik ve mekanizasyon kullanımını daha önemli hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Şırnak ilinin tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyi araştırılarak Türkiye ortalaması ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu istatistiki verilerine dayanarak traktör sayısı, tarım alet ve makineleri sayısı ile tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyi göstergeleri hesaplanarak özetlenmiştir. 2012-2022 yılları arasında Şırnak ili ortalama mekanizasyon verilerine göre, kullanılan tarım alanlarında %12, traktör güç değerlerinde %16 oranında artış gerçekleşmiştir. Birim alana düşen güç 0,66 kW ha-1, 1000 ha alana düşen traktör sayısı 18,72 olmuştur. Bir traktöre düşen toplam alan 53,43 ha olurken, traktör başına düşen alet makine sayısı 3,78 olarak bulunmuştur. Şırnak ilçeleri arasında mekanizasyon düzeyi yönünden en iyi sonuçları Cizre ilçesi verirken, Uludere ve Beytüşşebap ilçeleri düşük mekanizasyon değerlerine sahip verileri ile sonuçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Şırnak ili mekanizasyon verileri, bölge illeri ile benzer mekanizasyon sonuçları vermiştir. Ortalama traktör güç değeri 47,03 kW olarak, Türkiye ortalamasından daha yüksek sonuçlar oluştururken, diğer mekanizasyon parametreleri bakımından düşük mekanizasyon sonuçlarına sahiptir. İki ülkeye sınırı bulunan ilin tarımsal potansiyelini arttırmak için mekanizasyon düzeyinin en kısa sürede yükseltilerek işletme refah seviyesi arttırılmalı ve bölge kalkınması desteklenmelidir.