Bu çalışmada, hıyarda fide kalitesi üzerine paklobutrazolun farklı uygulamalarının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Denemede paklobutrazolun 30, 40, 50 ve 60 ppm dozları 2 faklı miktarda (0,5-1,0 ml) ve 2 farklı şekilde uygulanmıştır. Birinci uygulama kotiledon yaprakları yere paralel olduğu dönemde yapılmış ve sonrasında herhangi bir uygulama yapılmamıştır (1+0). İkinci uygulama kotiledon yaprakları yere paralel olduğu dönemde ve ilk gerçek yapraklar 0,5 cm çapa ulaştığında olmak üzere iki sefer (1+1) yapılmıştır. Kontrol parsellerinde bitkilere saf su verilmiştir. Fidelerin gübrelenmesinde Hoagland besin solüsyonu modifiye edilerek kullanılmıştır. Fide yetiştirme dönemi boyunca çözeltinin pH’sı 6,3±2’ye ayarlanmıştır. Tohum ekiminden 35 gün sonra hıyar fidelerinin yetiştiriciliği tamamlanmış ve fidelerde gözlemler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada fide boyu (cm), gövde uzunluğu (cm), gövde çapı (mm), yaprak sayısı, fide yaş ağırlığı (g), fide kuru ağırlığı (g), kök yaş ağırlığı (g) ve kök kuru ağırlığı (g) incelenmiştir. Paklobutrazol uygulamaları fide boyu ve gövde uzunluğunda önemli düzeyde kısalmaya neden olmuştur. Paklobutrazol miktarı arttıkça fide boyu ve gövde uzunluğundaki azalış devam etmiştir. Denemede 30 ve 40 ppm paklobutrazolun fide başına 0,5 ml ve 1+1 şeklinde verilmesi en etkili sonuç olarak belirlenmiştir. Paklobutrazol uygulamaları ile gövde çapı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Benzer şekilde uygulamalar ile yaprak sayısı arasında da bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, paklobutrazolun fide kalitesini önemli düzeyde artırırken, uygulama şekli, uygulama dozu ve miktarına bağlı olarak fide kalitesinde önemli gerilemeler de meydana gelmektedir.

Current study intends to find out the carbon footprint of Dokuz Eylül University's Tınaztepe Campus and comprehensively assess its environmental impact in the process. The study provides a detailed analysis of carbon emissions resulting from the campus’s energy consumption, transportation, water usage, and other sources. Based on these analyses, the total CO2 emmission of the campus has been determined, taking into account the carbon sequestration capacity of the university's forested area. Calculations performed using the IPCC Tier 1 Model estimate that Tınaztepe Campus's total annual carbon footprint is 2,458.44 tons of CO2. Additionally, the annual carbon footprint per capita has been calculated as 0.059 tons of carbon footprint. According to the findings, the largest portion of carbon emissions is from natural gas consumption, while the smallest is from water consumption. In light of this data, various strategic recommendations have been developed to reduce the campus’s carbon footprint. These recommendations include measures such as increasing energy efficiency, adopting more sustainable transportation methods, and reducing water consumption. The results of this study provide valuable insights for universities to consider when developing sustainability policies.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth is directly affected by sowing dates. However, the yield of wheat in Afghanistan is significantly lower than the global standard. Several factors including fertilizers, sowing dates, seeds and cultivation methods, contribute to this low yield. The objective of this research was to address this critical issue by comparison of the effects of different sowing dates on wheat yield and its components under Kabul climatic conditions. The same experiment was conducted at two sites in 2020 using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and twelve treatments. The varieties used were Darolaman-07 (V1), Mazar- 99 (V2), and Chunta-1 (V3) as factor one, and sowing dates of November 10th (S1), November 18th (S2), November 26th (S3), and December 4th (S4) as factor two. Growth and yield parameters measured and analyzed included plant height, number of leaves plant-1, total number of tillers plant-1, leaf area index (LAI), leaf nitrogen content (N), spike length, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1, thousand- grain-weight, days to maturity, number of spikes plant-1, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index. Sowing dates had significant effects on some wheat growth and yield parameters. Sowing on November 10th, 2020, resulted in the highest plant height and leaves number per plant compared to later sowing dates. There was a significant interaction between sowing date and variety at (P˂0.01) in both growth and yield parameters. ANOVA analysis highlighted significant differences among wheat varieties in spike length, grain weight spike-1, thousand grain-weight, and harvest index, with notable variations observed among different varieties. Based on the results, the longest duration to maturity and the highest grain yield were observed on sowing date of November 10, 2020.

Çanakkale Ezine İlçesine bağlı olan Geyikli beldesi Çanakkale’nin batısında bulunmaktadır. Yörede, doğadan toplanarak tüketilen pek çok bitkiden birisi olan Deniz Börülcesi (Salicornia europaea); Türkiye’de farklı bölgelerde de toplanıp sebze olarak kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de aktif olarak kültüre alınmamış olmakla birlikte bazı bilimsel denemelerde yer almıştır ve önemli bir halofittir. Deniz börülcesi pek çok besleyici özelliği olduğuna inanıldığından dolayı sık olarak tüketilmekte ve ticarete konu olmaktadır. Bu bitkinin yöreden toplanıp önemli özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi bölgenin tarımsal anlamda gelişimi ve bitki ile yapılabilecek diğer tarımsal çalışmalara yol göstermesi açılarından önemli bir konudur. Çalışmanın amacı Çanakkale Ezine İlçesi, Geyikli beldesinde doğal ortamından toplanan S. europaea bitkisini askorbik asit, toplam karotenoid, suda çözünen kuru madde, pH, titre edilebilir asitlik parametreleri ve luteolin, apigenin, naringin, kateşin flavonoidleri açısından incelemektir. Böylece bölge tarımına katkıda bulunmak ve bu bitki ile yapılabilecek çeşitli çalışmalara yol göstermektir. Çalışma sonucunda değerlendirilen S. europaea popülasyonunun flavonoid içeriklerinin çoktan aza sırasıyla apigenin (649,461 mg/kg), naringin (117,51 mg/kg), kateşin (13,574 mg/kg) ve luteolin (0,984 mg/kg) olarak sıralandığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yüksek bir suda çözünen kuru madde (°Briks) içeriğine (%11,7) sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kentin en önemli açık ve yeşil alanı olan parklar, kentsel yeşil alan sisteminin bir parçası olmalarına bağlı olarak yaşanılan kentleri çekici ve yaşanır hale getirir, çevrenin monotonluğunu hafifletir, kentlere imaj kazandırır, yapı kitlelerinin yumuşak bir görünüm kazanmasına olanak sağlarlar. Kentlerin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayan, kent insanı için kaliteli ve konforlu yaşam alanı oluşturan kent parkları, sahip olduğu peyzaj tasarım özellikleri doğrultusunda hitap ettiği kullanıcıları etkilemektedir. Tasarım kriterlerine uygunluğun hem olumlu hem olumsuz yönleri yalnız kent parkını değil kullanıcısı ve kentin tümünü ilgilendirmektedir. İçerisinde hiçbir rekreasyonel aktivitesi bulunmayan, konforsuz, yeşil bir dokusu olmayan mekânlar kente olumlu anlamda bir şey katmadığı gibi bulunduğu çevrenin insanı için de fiziksel, sosyal ve kültürel anlamda bir etkileşim yaratmadığı için kent insanı psikolojisi üzerinde durağanlık ve huzursuzluğa neden olacaktır. Bu çalışmada Niğde ili Merkez ilçesinde bulunan 5 kent parkının yerinde gözlem, tespit ve mevcut durumlarının analiz edilmesi planlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Niğde İli sınırları içerisinde kent ölçeğinde hizmet sağlayan bazı parkların peyzaj tasarım kriterlerine uygunluğunun tespit edilmesidir. Bu bağlamda belirlenen peyzaj tasarım kriterlerine göre parkların peyzaj tasarımı açısından uygunlukları tespit edilip, parkların mevcut durumlarının analiz edilmesine yönelik değerlendirmeler yapılması planlanmaktadır. Değerlendirme sonucunda mevcut durumun sorununa yönelik peyzaj tasarım kriterlerine uygun olacak şekilde çözüm önerileri sunulacaktır.

The escalating global population, diminishing agricultural lands, and the overarching global climate crisis are significantly impacting pepper cultivation. These challenges exacerbate the vulnerability of pepper plants to various biotic and abiotic factors, particularly viral diseases, resulting in diminished yield and quality. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a notable concern for peppers in the Solanaceae family, is causing substantial quality and yield losses, with no effective chemical control methods currently available. This study focuses on exploring the genetic structure of CMV isolates obtained from pepper production areas in Kilis province and comparing these regions through the High-Resolution Melting (HRM) method. CMV isolates, cultivated in tobacco plants, have their partial coat protein sequences compared with those of other CMV isolates registered in the gene bank. The nucleotide sequences of identified CMV isolates are phylogenetically grouped and compared using an HRM graph. The HRM graph effectively distinguishes Kilis 3 and Kilis 4 isolates, clustered similarly to sequence patterns, from other isolates. The study highlights the utility of HRM analyses in identifying differences between isolates before determining sequence patterns. In the gene bank comparison, Kilis CMV isolates distinguished from others. Similarities were observed with isolates from Iran's Balsam (Impatiens balsamina - LC066478), Türkiye's Radish (Raphanus sativus - LC0665051), and Wild Turnip (Rapistrum rugosum - LC066514, LC066511, LC066517). The study found that Kilis 7 CMV isolate, transferred mechanically to 24 different pepper genotypes (C. annuum) from the local population, revealed susceptibility to CMV in the 24 lines developed from the Elbeyli population in Kilis province.

There is an increasing trend for development of alternatives to deliver probiotics with non-dairy products. Fruit juices have become one of main food products for delivery of probiotics. The availability of different fruit juice types, their fresh and healthy perception from the consumer's side and demand for plant-based products increase attention to fortification of fruit juices with probiotics. Yet, development of probiotic fruit juices is still an emerging area for the functional food concept. Probiotic juices can be developed by using both probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and their viability can be strain specific as well dependent on the utilized fruits. The transformation of the fruit components can play roles for the improvement of the potential health promoting functions of fruit juices which should be well-characterized. The insufficient viability of probiotic strains during shelf-life of fruit juices is one of the main challenges and efficient and relatively cheap encapsulation techniques should be developed to ensure their viability. In this study, recent achievements and developments to produce probiotic fruit juices have been summarized. Also, potential role of probiotic fortification for the health promoting functions of fruit juices related to probiotic metabolism has been discussed. Finally, strategies to increase the viability of distinct probiotics have been discussed.

The present study investigated the effect of starvation periods on growth performance, feed cost, and water quality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two different starvation methods were implemented, with an average weight of 120.69±3.47g over a 45-day trial. Group D1 was subjected to a 1-day fasting/2-day feeding regimen, whereas Group D2 adopted a 2-day fasting/1-day feeding regimen. The control group (C) was fed twice daily to satiation. At the end of the trial, the average weight of the fish was 200.88±14.62g in the control group, 189.11±21.05g in Group D1, and 130.04±10.49g in Group D2. The specific growth rates were 1.13±0.08% (C), 1.00±0.05% (D1), and 0.17±0.06% (D2), respectively. Feed conversion ratios were 1.81±0.01 (C), 1.32±0.02 (D1), and 4.43±0.05 (D2), respectively. There were significant differences between the control group and Groups D1 and D2 in terms of dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and pH values of the water. Group D2 yielded lower feed costs due to reduced feed usage. The average weight gain analysis showed that the unit feed cost of Group D2 was 3.4-fold higher than that of Group D1 and 2.5-fold higher than that of the control group. The application of starvation periods in feeding common carp had significant effects on the growth, feed utilization, water quality, and feed cost.

This study investigates the impact of varying planting densities on cotton plants’ morphological traits and yield. As planting density increases, there is a reduction in monopodial and sympodial branches, resulting in a more compact plant structure. The study highlights the highest yield achieved with specific planting densities, endorsing the viability of both holl and row planting methods. It suggests adopting narrow or ultra-narrow row systems to enhance yield and economize input costs. The study was conducted in 2017 at the experimental field of Aydın Adnan Menderes University in the Faculty of Agriculture’s Department of Field Crops. The material used in this study was the widely cultivated cotton variety “Gloria” in the Aegean region. The investigation was conducted using a randomized block design with 4 replications. In evaluating cotton yield and related parameters, it was observed that D1 and D2 (14.285 plants/da) achieved the highest yield concerning plant density, emphasizing the viability of both holl and row planting methods. The study concluded that augmenting the number of plants within a specific area of production significantly contributes to higher seed cotton yields. To enhance yield and economize cotton input costs, the adoption of a narrow or ultra-narrow row production system is suggested as an alternative strategy to conventional methods.

In a lab experiment using seed priming, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed germination and seedling development were studied. Twenty different priming techniques were utilized in the study, each comprising varying concentrations of NaOCI, CaCl2, KNO3, Manitol, PEG, KCL, H2O and a control group that received no priming. Four replications of a completely randomized design (CRD) were used in the experiment. Among the three priming treatments, there were substantial differences in the seedling growth metrics and germination rate. When 500 ppm NaOCl was used as a treatment, the highest seed germination percentage (96%) was attained. Although 100 ppm PEG had the greatest germination index (42.92), 10000 ppm NaOCl had the quickest mean germination time (8.27). Additionally, at a concentration of 1500 ppm NaOCl, the greatest seedling vigor index (29.79) and maximum germination coefficient (12.28) were likewise obtained. With H2O treatment, the maximum shoot length (21.09 cm) was observed for seedling growth parameters. The largest root length was produced by a 10000 ppm KNO3 treatment (11.19 cm). With 20000 ppm KNO3, the maximum root dry weight was achieved (88.50 mg), whereas H2O produced the highest shoot dry weight (51.0 mg). Additionally, it was discovered that a treatment with 10000 ppm KNO3 had the best root-shoot ratio (0.72). The research thus supports the possible use of seed priming as a method to improve faba bean seed germination and seedling growth. NaOCl and KNO3 seemed to work best for faba bean seed germination and seedling growth.