Havza yönetimi, bir havzanın sınırları ile çevrili alan içerisinde kalan toprak, bitki, su ve bunları doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkileyen iklim, çevre, insan ve hayvan aktivitelerinin topyekûn değerlendirildiği sistemdir. 1990’lı yılların başlarından itibaren de doğal kaynakların korunmasına yönelik yapılan yönetim çalışmalara ilaveten geçim kaynaklarını iyileştirecek ve gelir düzeyini artıracak önlemleri de kapsayan yeni bir havza yönetim programı ortaya çıkmıştır. Totaliter havza yönetimi olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bu yeni havza yönetim sistemi entegre ve katılımcı havza yönetimi yaklaşımını esas almaktadır. Bütüncül bir anlayışla toplumun refah düzeyini artırmayı ve gelecek nesillere zengin bir doğal kaynak sunmayı hedefleyen totaliter havza yönetimi, yer altı ve yerüstü doğal kaynakların mutlak korunumunun yanı sıra bu kaynaklardan yeterli düzeyde yararlanmayı, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel hayatı iyileştirerek yoksulluğun azaltılmasını, uygulamalı araştırma ile rekabet gücünü artırmayı, çevre dostu anlayışı teşvik etmeyi, havza yönetimi faaliyetlerinin takip edilerek sürdürülebilir olmasını, iklim değişikliklerinden kaynaklanan olumsuz etkileri engellemeyi, su döngüsünün kayıpsız olarak devam etmesini ve havzalarda ki tahribatın önüne geçilmesini amaçlar. Bu çalışmada, Van Gölü havzasındaki doğal kaynaklar ile bu kaynakların kullanımları arasındaki düzenli ve düzensiz ilişkiler alt havza bünyesinde değerlendirilerek alternatifler üzerinde durulmuş olup özellikle su kaynaklarının kullanımında ki yanlış uygulamalar nedeniyle oluşabilecek olumsuz sonuçların giderilmesi için Van Gölü havzasına uygulanabilecek havza yönetim sistemi açıklanmıştır. Havzada aşırı sulamayı dengeleyecek etkin sulama sistemleri ile kuraklığa ve soğuğa dayanıklı sulamaya daha az gereksinim duyan alternatif bitki desenleri önerilmiştir.

The aim of the study is to analyse the efficiency of input use in sunflower production in Karatay district. Turkey ranks 10th in sunflower production in the world and Konya province has 13.39% capacity of sunflower production in Turkey, placing the 2nd place in terms of production. 97% of sunflower produced in Konya province is sunflower for oil. Data used in this study was determined as 51 enterprises manufacturing sunflower according to the Stratified Sampling Method. The economic efficiency results of sunflower production were calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEAP) method. The total Gross Production Values (GPV) obtained from the enterprises is 50,221.43 $, the GPV acquired from the sunflower production is 23,844.70 $, the total gross profit is 36,927.29 $ and the sunflower gross profit is 18,285.16 $. According to the efficiency results, economic efficiency was found to be 0.604, resource efficiency was 0.604, technical efficiency was 0.868, and pure efficiency was 0.922 while scale efficiency was 0.942. It should be ensured that enterprises use their resources effectively. Information meetings should be held for enterprises on resource use.

The data stored for a long time in livestock enterprises will play a crucial role in increasing the productivity in animal production, revealing animal breeding values, meeting qualified breeding needs, making effective breeding organizations, obtaining high income, determining the animals to be kept or as a breeder. Among the important technical data kept in livestock enterprises; ram, bull, and goat and their reproduction, growth-development, yield records (animal weight and wool yield in small ruminants, body weight gain, feed consumption, lactation and milk yield), reproductive performance measures, slaughter and carcass dimensions and characteristics records such as meat quality, animal diseases and vaccination practices can be shown as important technical data in livestock enterprises. Issues such as followed animals and storing identifying information of the animals from this data in the database are being made compulsory for conformity program of Turkey with the European Union by the rule number 27137 “Regulation on the identification, registration and monitoring of sheep and goat type of animals” that published in the official newspaper by Agriculture and Forestry Ministry on 10.02.2009. Nowadays, database software such as MySQL, MS SQL, Postrage SQL, Oracle, Firebird, IBM DB2 and MS Access are used in order to obtain healthy data and store the data safely. Knowledge of the use and cost of this database software and Database Management Systems (DBMS) is important for the enterprise. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the software that adds value to the enterprise and their costs of the operations on enterprise.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), based on the origin of Southeast Asia and Turkey, with a large growth area such as the Mediterranean and the Arab countries, is the most important plant belonging to family Lythraceae. Pomegranate peel and seed contain numerous and various bioflavonoid, which is indicated to be both antimicrobial and inhibitors of enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties of the pomegranate are related to phytochemicals such as delphinidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, ellagic acid, punicalin, punicalagin, pedunculagin, and different glucosides, which involve anthocyanins. In this study, it was investigated that ethanol, methanol and distilled water extracts, obtained from Punica granatum L. antimicrobial effect against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria known as food pathogen by using disk diffusion method. Also, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values on seven different food borne pathogens were also determined. As a result of the research; pomegranate seed extracts obtained from methanol observed the highest antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 29.02 mm zone diameter, while pomegranate peel extracts obtained from ethanol observed the highest antimicrobial effect against Bacillus cereus with a 26.84 mm zone diameter. The MIC and MBC value against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are determined 7.81 µg/L, while The MIC and MBC value against Bacillus cereus are determined 31.25 and 15.63 µg/L, respectively.

The unnatural change in the globe under influence of devastating global warming has been quashing the overall functioning of ecosystem since industrial revolution. Thus, the human-induced disaster caused by proportional increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has affected the normal functioning of hydrologic cycle. Under the undesirable condition, the amount of hydrologic variables began to diverge over time. Hydrologic variable should be homogeneous for the reliability of hydraulic structure while predicting necessary design criteria for its construction. Therefore, the test of whether this requirement is true should be performed in the context of any given hydrologic data’s homogeneity before being passed to the implementation of statistical approaches to the data. The study carried out in Yesilirmak basin was realized on homogeneity of seasonal maximum streamflow data from eight gauging stations operated by The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI). Yesilirmak River basin area is approximately 5% of surface area of Turkey. Yesilirmak River is one of the major rivers of Turkey and its long is 519 kilometers. There are three main tributaries of the Yesilirmak River, named as Kelkit, Cekerek and Tersakan. Its water is mostly used for purposes as irrigation, drinking, fisheries and wildlife. The parametric and non-parametric procedures, called as standard normal homogeneity, Pettitt, Buishand range and von Neuman ratio were used for this reason. Statistically significant inhomogeneity with respect to the all of the statistic tests taken into account in the study was detected in the considered streamflow data sequences presented.

In this study, synergistic effects of secondary compounds on the total diet amount of consumption and biological properties of Uresiphita gilvata, which is a polyphagous species, were investigated. The biological properties of this species against different secondary compounds will provide important clues in the fight against species. For this purpose, nine diets were prepared by adding tannic acid, gallic acid and p-Coumaric acid at different concentrations (1, 3, 5%) in the control diet. With the addition of these secondary compounds to the diet at 3% concentration, a total of fourteen diets were prepared, three diets in double combination, and one diet in triple combination. Compared to the control group, it was found that increasing amounts of tannic acid and p-Coumaric acid in the diet resulted in a decrease in total dietary consumption and pupal protein amounts of U. gilvata larvae. It was found that the total consumption amount and pupal weight increased with the increase of gallic acid concentration in diets. The development time was prolonged by adding all three secondary compounds to the diet at increasing concentrations. In this study, it was observed that the larvae were resistant at the related concentrations and combinations of the secondary compounds used in this study and reached the pupae stage.

Peyzaj mimarlığı araştırmaları; planlama, tasarım, koruma, onarım, uygulama ve yönetim konularında yapılmaktadır. Yapılan bu araştırmaların her biri için bir yöntem tasarımının kurgulanması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada, peyzaj mimarlığında araştırma alanları olan; kentsel ekosistem, açık/ yeşil alanlar ve park alanları ile ilgili bilgiler sunulmuştur. Park alanlarına odaklanılarak, araştırma yöntemleri sunulmuştur. Çalışmada, peyzaj mimarlığında kantitatif yöntemlerle yürütülen araştırmalar park alanları özelinde değerlendirilmiştir. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de peyzaj mimarlığı araştırmalarında, araştırma materyali olan park alanlarıyla ilgili araştırma yöntemleri ortaya konularak, bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Herbal medicine also called botanical or phyto-medicine refers to using a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. It is becoming more main stream as improvements in analysis and quality control along with advances in clinical research show the value of herbal medicine in the treating and preventing disease. This study was focused on a traditionally prepared and used a product consist of an oil complex (olive oil, Nigella sativa seed oil, rosemary oil); which were researched antimicrobial effect of the product alone, and each oil by disc diffusion methods. Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and yeasts were employed in the susceptibility tests. The antibiotics of imipenem and vancomycin were exploited as positive controls. While there wasn’t effect on Gram-negative bacteria, strong antimicrobial effects were observed on Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. Nigella sativa seed oil was the most effective. There wasn’t antagonistic and/or synergetic effect for the oil complex product. Although essential oils may be assigned the same name, they may differ widely as antimicrobial agents due to the extraction method used, which may explain the distinctive antimicrobial results reported in different studies. This was the first study to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of this herbal medicine.

The unnatural change in the globe under influence of devastating global warming has been quashing the overall functioning of ecosystem since industrial revolution. Thus, the human-induced disaster caused by proportional increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has affected the normal functioning of hydrologic cycle. Under the undesirable condition, the amount of hydrologic variables began to diverge over time. Hydrologic variable should be homogeneous for the reliability of hydraulic structure while predicting necessary design criteria for its construction. Therefore, the test of whether this requirement is true should be performed in the context of any given hydrologic data’s homogeneity before being passed to the implementation of statistical approaches to the data. The study carried out in Yesilirmak basin was realized on homogeneity of seasonal maximum streamflow data from eight gauging stations operated by The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI). Yesilirmak River basin area is approximately 5% of surface area of Turkey. Yesilirmak River is one of the major rivers of Turkey and its long is 519 kilometers. There are three main tributaries of the Yesilirmak River, named as Kelkit, Cekerek and Tersakan. Its water is mostly used for purposes as irrigation, drinking, fisheries and wildlife. The parametric and non-parametric procedures, called as standard normal homogeneity, Pettitt, Buishand range and von Neuman ratio were used for this reason. Statistically significant inhomogeneity with respect to the all of the statistic tests taken into account in the study was detected in the considered streamflow data sequences presented.