Bu çalışmada, topraksız tarım koşullarında farklı tuz stresi ve kalsiyum dozlarının domateste verim ve kalite üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada üç farklı tuz dozu (2, 4 ve 6 dS/m) ve dört farklı kalsiyum dozu (0, 50, 100 ve 200 ppm) modifiye edilmiş Hoagland besin solüsyonu ile birlikte bitkilere uygulanmıştır. Standart Hoagland çözeltisi 2 dS/m olarak hazırlanmış ve yüksek tuz konsantrasyonları için (4 ve 6 dS/m) NaCl kullanılmıştır. Yüksek tuzluluk (4 ve 6) pazarlanabilir verimde düşüşe neden olurken, yüksek kalsiyum dozları (100 ve 200 ppm) tuzluluğun verim üzerindeki etkisini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. En yüksek tuz konsantrasyonunda (6 dS/m) kalsiyumun 100 ppm'den 200 ppm'e yükselmesi pazarlanabilir verimi 122,51 ton/ha'dan 199,74 ton/ha'a çıkarmıştır. Yaprak klorofil içeriği (SPAD) tuz konsantrasyonundan etkilenmezken, artan kalsiyum dozları klorofil içeriğinde artışa neden olmuştur. Özellikle yüksek tuz stresi altında (6 dS/m) kalsiyumun klorofil artışına etkisi daha belirgin olmuştur. Meyvede elektriksel iletkenlik, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı (Brix) ve titre edilebilir asit miktarı tuzluluk arttıkça artarken, pH azalmıştır. Yüksek tuzlulukta kalsiyum arttıkça Brix ve titre edilebilir asit miktarı azalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, besin solüsyonunun tuz konsantrasyonunun yüksek olması pazarlanabilir ve toplam verimde önemli düzeyde düşüşe neden olurken, tuz stresi altında yüksek kalsiyum uygulaması verim kaybını azaltmıştır. Tuz stresi x kalsiyum interaksiyonu meyve kalite parametrelerini önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir.

Boyutları 1-100 nm arasında değişen organik ve inorganik yapılar olan nanoparçacıklar, günlük hayatımızın bir parçası olup, tarım, çevre ve tıp gibi alanlarda büyük ilgi görmektedir. Metal nanoparçacıklar arasında optik, elektriksel ve antimikrobiyal özelliklere sahip olan gümüş nanoparçacıklar (AgNP'ler) en fazla araştırılan ve kullanılan parçacıklardır. Günümüzde ileri gıda teknolojisi uygulamalarında, gıdaların besin içeriğini geliştirmek ve raf ömrünü uzatarak gıda bileşenlerinin veya nihai gıda ürününün stabilitesini artırmak amacıyla nanoparçacık ve nanoparçacık içerikli katkı maddelerinden yararlanılmaktadır. AgNP’ler, benzersiz özellikleri sayesinde patojenik mikrobiyal aktiviteye karşı mücadelede ve gıda endüstrisinde mevcut problemlerin çözümünde lider olarak görülmektedir. AgNP’ler, geniş bir patojenik bakteri spektrumunun yanı sıra antibiyotiğe dirençli bakterilerin antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini yavaşlatma konusunda da güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu derlemede, gümüş nanoparçacıkların üretiminde kullanılan fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik yöntemler, parçacıkların fonksiyonları ve etki mekanizmaları, gümüş nanoparçacıkların et ve et ürünlerinde ve onların yeni nesil paketleme sistemlerinde koruyucu olarak kullanımı ayrıntılı olarak sunulmaktadır.

Gelişen sanayi faaliyetleri ile birlikte günümüzün en önemli sorunlarından biri haline gelen ağır metal kontaminasyonu tüm canlı organizmalar için ciddi bir tehdittir. Bazı funguslar ağır metallere karşı direnç mekanizmalarına sahiptir ve bu durum iyileştirme süreçleri için sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ağır metal kontaminasyonunun yüksek oranlarda olduğu alanlardaki dirençli fungal mikrobiyotayı belirleyerek ağır metallerin biyolojik ıslah yaklaşımlarına ışık tutmaktır. Araştırmada yüksek oranda ağır metal kirliliğine sahip Samsun Organize Sanayi Bölgesinden alınan toprak örneklerindeki Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As ve V ağır metal oranları ICP-OES ile tespit edilmiştir. Toprak fungal mikrobiyotası ise metagenenomik yeni nesil sekanslama teknolojisi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Metagenomik sekanslama için illumina MiSeq teknolojisi, istatistiksel mikrobiyom analizi için QIIME 2 2017,4 kullanılmıştır. Ağır metalle kontamine olmuş çalışma alanında en yüksek oranlarda sırasıyla Mortierella %53,90, Halokirschsteiniothelia %18,01, Rhizopogon %2,74, Cladosporium %,1,88, Aspergillus %1,62 ve Gibberella %1,12 cinsleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar metal konsantrasyonundaki fazlalığa dirençli taksonların ortamda dominant olduğunu göstermektedir.

Tarımsal Girdi Fiyat Endeksi, mevcut tarımsal üretimde kullanılan ürün ve hizmetlerin fiyatlarındaki değişimlerin ve geleceğe yönelik yatırımların takibi amacıyla Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından her ay hesaplanıp yayınlanmaktadır. İndeksin tahmini tarım üreticilerinin yatırım kararlarında ve ürün tercihlerinde zamanında karar almalarına imkan sağlayacak, yurt içi ve uluslararası pazarda rekabet güçlerini arttıracaktır. Bu çalışmada Tarımsal Girdi Fiyat Endeksi'ndeki değişimleri tahmin etmek amacıyla istatistiksel (ARIMA, SARIMA) ve derin öğrenme modelleri (CNN, LSTM) kullanılmıştır. CNN ve LSTM modellerinin hem doğrusal hem de doğrusal olmayan veri özelliklerini yakaladığı bilinmektedir. Tahmin sonuçları, Ortalama Karekök Hata (RMSE) ve Ortalama Karesel Hata (MSE) metrikleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre ARIMA (RMSE: 0.16409, MSE: 0.0269247) ve CNN (RMSE: 0.16994, MSE: 0.288791) modelleri en iyi sonuçları elde etmiş olup, bunları LSTM modeli takip etmektedir.

While shellfish species are widely consumed due to their nutritional advantages, they are also among the top eight food items for food-borne allergies. Five distinct thermal processing techniques were applied to the crustacean to investigate the tropomyosin level variations caused by heat processing. Fresh shrimp and prawns were utilized as controls for the determination of allergen-encoding genes. Prior to molecular analysis, the proximate composition and acidity of raw and processed samples were also performed. The yield and purity of DNA were also determined. Melting curve and gel electrophoresis tests verified the existence of allergen-coding genes. Thermal processing procedures affected the proximate composition, particularly the total protein and fat concentrations, according to the findings. Following the heat treatment, the pH levels decreased, particularly in the grilled samples. There were also significant differences in the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA. Regardless of crustacean species, the tropomyosin-encoding gene was detected in both fried and grilled samples. These findings demonstrated that RT-PCR identification and validation of the crustacean allergy gene by gel electrophoresis might be a reliable approach for the thermally treated shrimp and prawn samples. This study shows that investigating the allergen coding gene might provide a viable way for detecting food-borne allergens in other thermally processed food items, which are becoming more concerned about food safety.

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens L.) is a proven high-cost protein source replacer and could be grown in a range of bio-degradable waste materials where hardly incorporated into broiler diets locally. The present study was aimed to assess the nutritional composition of BSFL, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) value of BSFL meal provided to broiler chickens. BSFL full-fat meal produced from kitchen waste as a substrate were examined for their proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid profile. Eighty, 21-d old unsexed Cobb-500 broiler chickens (BW±SD: 665.8 ±14.3 g) were assigned randomly into 16 battery cages (04 replicates, five birds/replicate). A maize-soybean meal-based diet was used as the basal diet which was partially substituted by pre-analyzed BSFL meal at the rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% to produce three test diets. Birds were fed in a completely randomized design for 7-d with a 4-d adaptation period. Excreta were collected for three days from day 25 to 28. The results envisaged that the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents of the kitchen waste were 12.3%, and 10.5%, respectively. BSFL meal when analyzed had 34.4% CP and 47.3%, EE. The fatty acid (FA) profile of the kitchen waste was more or less similar to that of BSFL‘s meal. The estimated AME of the BSFL full-fat meal fed for broilers was estimated to be 15.7 MJ/kg. The BSFL full-fat meal can be utilized sustainably in feed formulation and has a high potential to replace costlier feed ingredients.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is known as the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is a worldwide distributed disease and has also been detected in marketed beef and dairy products. BLV causes significant economic losses due to the loss of milk and yield or the slaughter of animals without adequate development. It has been reported in epidemiological studies that this infection is common in Türkiye, especially in the western provinces. There is no data on the possible presence or prevalence of BLV infection and its seroepidemiology in Muş province. The aim of this study is to determine the possible presence and prevalence of the infection, its role in yield losses, and to obtain epidemiological data on cattle farming in the Muş district. For this purpose, 300 blood serum samples were collected from cattle aged six months and older in the province of Muş and its different districts. The blood serum samples taken were tested for the presence of BLV-specific antibodies by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) methods. As a result of the study, all of the controlled districts were evaluated as negative in the AGID and C-ELISA tests for the presence of BLV-specific antibodies. In conclusion, for the first time, it was demonstrated that cattle farming in the Muş province were BLV-free during the sampling period. Although BLV seropositivity was not detected in the tested animals, it is emphasized that the control of infection and eradication program should not be ignored.

The Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) [Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)] is a polyphagous pest causing significant damage to approximately 300 crops, such as  nuts, vegetables, and ornamentals. In 2017, the BMSB was discovered for the first time in Türkiye. There is currently no published data available on the biology of the pest in Türkiye.  This preliminary study was carried out in Sakarya province, where the BMSB has observed a low population since 2021. In this study, some biological parameters such as voltinism, mortality rates, egg hatching rates, and egg-adult developmental times of the 1st and 2nd generations of the insect populations were determined. The study was carried out under semi-field conditions and laboratory. Considering the BMSB's minimum temperature threshold, which has yet to be determined in Turkey, the accumulation of degree days was calculated using the references to four possible thresholds (DD12, 12.5, 13, 13.5) and was determined to be between 536.91 - 608.69 DD.  The average egg-adult developmental time was 47.85 days for the 1st generation at naturally fluctuating temperatures and 47.13 days for the 2nd generation under laboratory conditions at 25 ֯C. The hatching rate of egg masses was determined to 90.63% in the 1st generation and 57.75% in the 2nd generation. Total mortality in the first generation was 22.97% and 90.24% in the second generation.  It was revealed  that the insect could produce two generations in Türkiye, but the number of egg-producing adults and eggs laid in the second generation was significantly lower than that in the first. This preliminary study was carried out with a limited number of samples due to the initial infesting in the region and,  therefore more comprehensive research is needed to reveal the the biology of BMSB in the country.

The maize breeding programs focuses on the development of homozygous parental lines for hybrid breeding to obtain heterosis. The Improvement of homozygous lines in a effective time is crucial for hybrid maize breeding. Objectives of this research were to obtain homozygous lines of maize in a short time by using of in-vivo maternal haploid (DH) technique and characterizing them morphologically. The experiments were carried out at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute(EMARI). Inducers, RWS, RWK-76 and their hybrid RWS X RWK-76 were used as male parent. As female parent, 56 F2 segregated material obtained by selfing of 66 F1 hybrids developed in maize breeding program of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (EMARI) and 2 F2 segregated material selected from the open pollinated plants of 9 commercial maize variety. As a result of the experiment, 29 doubled haploid lines (DH) were developed. In the developed DH lines, days to tasseling, plant height, height of first ear , ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel per ear and thousand kernel weight varied as 57-78 days, 151-248 cm, 43-112 cm, 11.20-24.50 cm, 24-45 mm, 224-537 kernels/ear, and 180-320 g, respectively. In conclusion, in-vivo maternal DH technique is a highly effective method for obtaining homozygous lines

An experiment was conducted during Kharif-1 of 2022 at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Substation, Satkhira to know the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (zinc and boron) on the growth and yield of mungbean. There were three levels of zinc (Zn) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and boron (B) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) along with a blanket dose of urea (35 kg ha-1, triple super phosphate (TSP) (80 kg ha-1), murite of potash (MoP) (40 kg ha-1) and Sulphur (60 kg ha-1). The growth and yield of mungbean was significantly affected by foliar application of different levels of Zn and B. Results revealed that foliar application of Zn at the rate of 0.6% and at the rate of B 0.6% along with recommended dose at 45 days after sowing increases the branches/plant, fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), chlorophyll content, flower/plant, pod/plant, seed/pod thereby increase seed yield. Therefore, the foliar spray of 0.6% Zn significantly increased and influenced 1000 seed weight (g), decreased days to flowering, increased number of seed/pod and yield ton/ha along with blanket dose of Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum might be considered as suitable dose for mungbean production in southern region of Bangladesh.