This study compared the accuracy of various soil phosphorus assessment methods to measure the soil's ability to supply plants with phosphorus over a brief period in the field. Twenty individual soil samples were collected from a standing wheat (Triticum aestivum L) crop at depths ranging from zero to twenty centimeters. An equivalent plant spike sample was also procured from the soil sampling fields. In comparison to the wet acid digestion method used to detect phosphorus in plants, several methods were utilized to assess phosphorus in the soil, including resin extractable phosphorus, AB-DTPA extractable phosphorus, NaHCO3 extractable phosphorus, water-soluble phosphorus in suspension, and paste. The levels of variation and deficiency of phosphorus, which were found by different methods followed different patterns as shown by the fact that, AB-DTPA method finds phosphorus deficiency in 20% of samples while on the other hand, Olsen method finds phosphorus deficiency in 80% of samples. Even with such a small sampling area, none of the procedures showed a significant correlation with any other method that might account for uneven variation among the samples when determined by distinct procedures. However, corrections were observed to a certain degree between ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable and resin, as well as between other procedures and the plant P scale. Both resin and ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA) had a strong relationship with plant phosphorus, with the former showing a significant correlation of 0.48 and 0.21, respectively. Hence Resin and AB-DTPA methods are recommended for the determination of phosphorus under certain soil and plant conditions.

With its high protein, vitamin and mineral content, Spirulina platensis (SP) is the most widely used microalgae as a food supplement and the most cultivated microalgae for this purpose. Zinc is a regulatory microelement that is incorporated into the structure of many proteins in the cell and is particularly deficient in cereal-based societies. Due to the high adaptability of SP to environments with high metal concentrations and its high capacity to secrete substances called phytochelatin and metal-binding capacity, in this study zinc-enriched SP (ZnSP) was produced by binding metals to SP by organic means. For this purpose, modified media with 4 different Zn concentrations were prepared and SP was cultured in these media. Optical density, chlorophyll-a, phycobiliprotein and dry cell weight analyses were performed to monitor the culture. During the culture period, biomass and filtered culture medium were collected from logarithmic and stationary stages and Zn analyses were performed. The most suitable culture medium and growth conditions were determined to obtain Zn-enriched SP. 338.4 mg kg-1 Zn was measured in SP biomass grown in Zn-3 medium containing 8 mg L-1 Zn. It may be possible to obtain Zn-enriched SP in this medium and under the specified culture conditions, and even this ratio can be increased by adding Zn to the culture medium after the logarithmic stage.

Bu araştırmada yenilikçi uygulamalar olarak görülen okul bahçelerinde tarım uygulamaları ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların gelişim sürecinin tespit edilmesi ve erken çocukluk eğitimi ve çocuk gelişimi bağlamında tartışılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, betimsel nitelikte olup, tarama modeli tipindedir. Araştırmaya Web of Science veri tabanında yer alan tüm indekslerde “school gardening” anahtar kelimesi ile taranan okullarda tarım uygulamaları konusunda İngilizce dilinde yayınlanmış makale veya bildiri şeklindeki toplam 89 akademik yayın dahil edilmiştir. Yayınlar, bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak yıllara göre yayın sayıları, yazarların, ülkelerin ve makalelerin yayınlandığı dergilerin dağılımı, anahtar kelimelerin sıklığı gibi birçok değişkene göre ayrılarak çözümlenmiş, grafiklerle gösterilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; bilimsel yayınların sayısında zaman zaman düşüşler olmasına rağmen düzenli olarak artış eğiliminde olduğu, en çok Horttechnology isimli dergide yayın yapıldığı, en yüksek h indeksinin J. E. Cade isimli yazar olduğu, en çok araştırma yapılan kurumun ABD’de bulunan üniversiteler olduğu, çalışmalarda en fazla tercih edilen Web of Science veri tabanındaki micro konunun obezite, en fazla tercih edilen araştırma alanının eğitim araştırmaları, en fazla tercih edilen sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçlarının sağlık ve kaliteli yaşam olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda; okul bahçelerinin belli bölümlerinin tarım uygulamaları için ayrılması, tüm kademelerdeki eğitim müfredatına okullarda yapılabilecek tarım uygulamalarının entegre edilmesi, eğitim ile ilgili iç ve dış olmak üzere tüm paydaşlara okul bahçeciliği ile ilgili eğitimler verilmesi, okul bahçelerinde tarım uygulamaları ile ilgili araştırma ve disiplinler arası projelerin planlanması ve uygulanması, yapılacak araştırmalarda farklı ülkelerle etkili işbirliklerinin yapılması, okullarda tarım uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılması için kongre, çalıştay gibi akademik faaliyetlerin uluslararası işbirlikleri ile düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.

Bu çalışma tüketicilerin ızgara eti tüketim tercihlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini 406 kişiden yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile toplanan veriler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada ankete dahil olan tüketicilerin tamamının et tükettiği belirlenmiştir. Değişkenlerin ortalama ve korelasyon değerlerine bakıldığında az pişmiş et değişkeninin ortalaması 1,863 ile katılımcıların nadiren tercih ettiğini göstermektedir. Diğer ortalama ve korelasyon değerleri incelendiğinde orta pişmiş et değişkeni 3,149; çok pişmiş et değişkeni 2,887; lezzet değişkeni ise 2,674 ortalama değerine sahip olması bu şekildeki etleri katılımcıların zaman zaman tercih ettiğini göstermiştir. Katılımcıların cinsiyeti ve ızgara eti tüketim tercihleri incelendiğinde orta pişmiş değişkeninde katılımcı cinsiyetinde anlamlı bir fark gözlenmezken (P>0,05); az pişmiş, çok pişmiş ve lezzet değişkenleri ile cinsiyet grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark (P<0,05) olduğu gözlenmiştir. Katılımcıların eğitim durumları ile ızgara eti tüketim tercihleri arasında yapılan analiz sonucunda ise üç farklı eğitim durumunda da anlamlı bir fark (P<0,05) olduğu görülmüştür. Izgara eti tüketim tercihi ölçeğinin açıklayıcı, doğrulayıcı faktör ve güvenilirlik analiz sonuçlarının kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hipotez test sonuçları incelendiğinde ise cinsiyet ve yaş hipotezleri kısmen kabul edilirken, eğitim hipotezleri tamamen kabul edilmiştir.

Numerous in-depth studies have described the fertility traits, growth performance and milk yield traits of dairy animals, which are considered indicators of welfare, but there are limited studies examining these traits within the framework of cause-effect relationships, especially in buffaloes. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in some milk, growth and fertility traits of Anatolian buffaloes over the years in some dairy farms where the Buffalo Breeding Project in Public Conditions was implemented in Samsun province and, to investigate the effects of first calving age (FCA) and calving interval (CI) on milk and growth traits. The study was conducted in 27 buffalo farms (3295 buffalo cows and 3317 buffalo calves) located in Bafra district, the region with the highest buffalo population in Samsun province, Türkiye. The data was taken from records previously kept within the scope of the relevant project. The data such as growth characteristics [birth weight (BW), 6th and 12th-mo live weight (LW) values of calves born between 2013-2020] and lactation traits of cows [lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation duration (LD)] and FCA and CI values were analyzed by analysis of variance. The effect of years on LMY of buffalo cows was found to be significant, and significant positive changes were determined from year to year. In addition, the BW, 6th-mo, and 12th-mo LW values of calves also varied from year to year. As the FCA value of buffaloes increased, the BW, 6th-mo, and 12th-mo LW values of calves and LMY of cows increased. Similarly, CI values affected the BW values of calves (P<0.01), and LMY and LD values increased in parallel with the increase in CI values. Consequently, determining the lactation and growth traits of buffaloes could benefit developing herd management practices that would optimize these performance indicators.

In this study, the specific physicochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of 20 different rosehip marmalade samples, produced using traditional and commercial methods in the Gümüşhane province and its districts, were comprehensively analyzed. To detect the chemical composition of the rosehip marmalade samples, analyses were conducted for total dry matter, pH, ash, titratable acidity (malic acid %), soluble solids, water activity, and color (L*, a*, b*). Additionally, alongside the physicochemical analyses, the contents of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total sugar) were also determined. To assess the antioxidant properties, analyses for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, DPPH (% inhibition), and ABTS (% inhibition) were performed. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the rosehip marmalade samples against pathogenic bacterial strains such as Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 23566, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 35150 were investigated.

The aim of study is to reveal the factors affecting the knowledge sources used by melon farmers in Hatay province, and their attitudes towards input use. In addition, the research also investigated farmers’ attitudes towards plant protection knowledge and support policies. In the study was surveyed with melon farmers. The data were obtained through face to face interviews during the period of Summer-2022. In the study, factor analysis was used to determine farmers’ the factors affecting the knowledge sources. Factors affecting the knowledge sources used by farmers were determined as two-way and one-way communication. The factors affecting the sources that farmers depend on in dose adjustment were determined as internal and external factors. Besides, farmers think that the knowledge sources should be understandable and accessible. On the other hand, farmers think that the sources they depend on should be accurate and reliable. In melon cultivation, chemicals are used excessively to combat diseases and pests. Also, farmers stated that if precautions are not taken while spraying, poisoning may occur. Moreover, it is thought that empty pesticide containers should be destroyed and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides may harm products and the environment. Furthermore, farmers claimed that support policies for melon production were not sufficient. As a result, it has been understood that melon farmers have a good level of education and are conscious individuals. However, it is thought that the training and extension activities will help farmers increase their income and environmental awareness.

Denizlerin sürdürülebilirliği, iklim değişikliği, kirlilik ve aşırı avlanma gibi nedenlerle ciddi tehdit altındadır. Bu durum balık popülasyonlarının hızla tükenerek ekosistemin tahribatına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, deniz ekosistemini olumsuz etkileyen avcılık yöntemlerini ve yetiştiricilik faaliyetlerini ortaya koyarak sürdürülebilirliğe olan etkilerini tespit etmektir. Çalışma sonucunda balıkçılık sektörünün doğaya birçok zararı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunların başlıcaları açık sularda avcılığın neden olduğu aşırı avlanma ve denizlerde meydana gelen kirlenmedir. İç sularda ve kıyılarda yapılan yetiştiricilikten kaynaklı sorunların başlıcaları girdi artıklarından kaynaklı kirlilik, dip kısımlarda oksijen tüketiminin neden olduğu tahribat, ölü balık artıkları ve görsel kirliliktir. Günümüzde insan faktörünün yer aldığı faaliyetlerde, özellikle ticari kaygının ön planda olduğu yapılanmalar, doğayı ve ekosistemi tahribatta cömert olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla politika yapıcıların, tüm dünya insanlarının ortak mirası olan denizlerin korunmasında sert ve ciddi önlemler almasında yarar görülmektedir.

Nearly all of the apricot varieties grown in Malatya are dried apricots and the plantation areas in this region are expanding daily. Due to the impact of climate change, producers are growing apricots mostly under limited irrigation or even dry conditions. Therefore, it is essential to determine the drought resistance characteristics of the varieties commonly cultivated in this region. In this study, different irrigation levels of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of available water were applied to Hacıhalioğlu, Kabaaşı, Çataloğlu, Hasanbey and Soğancı apricot varieties. To evaluate the resistance of the varieties to drought stress and its relationship with physiological changes, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total sugar, total starch and abscisic acid contents in the leaves were analyzed. A decrease in chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total starch values and an increase in total sugar and ABA values were determined due to the decrease in irrigation rates. In Kabaasi and Hasanbey varieties, which were observed as the most resistant to water shortage, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total starch values were higher and total sugar content was lower at decreased irrigation levels. No difference was detected between varieties in ABA values. As a result of the observations in the drought resistance tests and physiological analyses, it was concluded that the most resistant varieties were Kabaasi and Hasanbey. Unfortunately, the most sensitive variety was the most widespread Hacihaliloglu. In addition, analyzing and evaluating the physiological changes occurring in apricot under drought stress will be useful in developing the most appropriate irrigation strategies for each variety and increasing water use efficiency. It may also be useful in cross-breeding studies to develop new drought-resistant varieties.

The utilization of Nigella sativa L., commonly known as black cumin, in traditional and medicinal practices is well-documented, attributing to its wide-ranging biological activities. Given its significance, this study explores the efficacy of various seed priming treatments (control, distilled water, potassium humate, and gibberellic acid) under laboratory and field conditions to enhance the early growth stages of Nigella sativa L. Priming treatments aimed to improve germination rates, plant height, and other growth parameters, potentially translating into increased agricultural productivity. According to results plant height ranged from 52.38 to 58.91 cm, number of branches between 3.76 and 3.98 (branch plant-1). The number of capsules varied from 4.93 to 6.81 (capsule plant-1),  capsule seed weight was between 0.19 and 0.22 (gram capsule-1 ), and the thousand-seed weight ranged from 2.26 to 2.39 grams. The germination rate ranged from 78% to 93%, germination index 4.22-5.83 and mean germination time was observed from 4.27 to 4.82 days. Our findings reveal significant effects of priming on germination parameters and  plant height, this offering insights into the potential of these treatments to optimize crop growth. However, the transition of these benefits to field conditions, particularly yield-related parameters, appeared limited, suggesting the complex nature of growth enhancement strategies and their implications for agricultural practices.